Turn KeepAliveHandler into an asyncio Task

* Fix command checks actually working

* Current progress on slash command docs

* Improve docs for slash commands further

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 ## Contributing to discord.py
 
+Credits to the `original lib` by Rapptz <https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py>
+
 First off, thanks for taking the time to contribute. It makes the library substantially better. :+1:
 
 The following is a set of guidelines for contributing to the repository. These are guidelines, not hard rules.
@@ -8,9 +10,9 @@ The following is a set of guidelines for contributing to the repository. These a
 
 Generally speaking questions are better suited in our resources below.
 
-- The official support server: https://discord.gg/r3sSKJJ
+- The official support server: https://discord.gg/TvqYBrGXEm
 - The Discord API server under #python_discord-py: https://discord.gg/discord-api
-- [The FAQ in the documentation](https://discordpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html)
+- [The FAQ in the documentation](https://enhanced-dpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/faq.html)
 - [StackOverflow's `discord.py` tag](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/discord.py)
 
 Please try your best not to ask questions in our issue tracker. Most of them don't belong there unless they provide value to a larger audience.
@@ -32,13 +34,13 @@ If the bug report is missing this information then it'll take us longer to fix t
 
 ## Submitting a Pull Request
 
-Submitting a pull request is fairly simple, just make sure it focuses on a single aspect and doesn't manage to have scope creep and it's probably good to go. It would be incredibly lovely if the style is consistent to that found in the project. This project follows PEP-8 guidelines (mostly) with a column limit of 125.
+Submitting a pull request is fairly simple, just make sure it focuses on a single aspect and doesn't manage to have scope creep, and it's probably good to go. It would be incredibly lovely if the style is consistent to that found in the project. This project follows the black code format, with a line length limit of `120`
 
 ### Git Commit Guidelines
 
 - Use present tense (e.g. "Add feature" not "Added feature")
-- Limit all lines to 72 characters or less.
-- Reference issues or pull requests outside of the first line.
+- Limit all lines to 120 characters or fewer.
+- Reference issues or pull requests outside the first line.
     - Please use the shorthand `#123` and not the full URL.
 - Commits regarding the commands extension must be prefixed with `[commands]`
 

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
       value: >
         Thanks for taking the time to fill out a bug.
-        If you want real-time support, consider joining our Discord at https://discord.gg/r3sSKJJ instead.
+        If you want real-time support, consider joining our Discord at https://discord.gg/TvqYBrGXEm instead.
 
         Please note that this form is for bugs only!
   - type: input

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ contact_links:
     url: https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/discussions
   - name: Discord Server
     about: Use our official Discord server to ask for help and questions as well.
-    url: https://discord.gg/r3sSKJJ
+    url: https://discord.gg/TvqYBrGXEm

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+<!-- Pull requests that do not fill this information in will likely be closed -->
+
 ## Summary
 
 <!-- What is this pull request for? Does it fix any issues? -->

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: CI
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  pyright:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v1
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.8
+      
+      - name: Setup node.js (for pyright)
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v1
+        with:
+          node-version: "14"
+          
+      - name: Run type checking
+        run: |
+          npm install -g pyright
+          pip install .
+          pyright --lib --verifytypes discord --ignoreexternal
+
+  black:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Run linter
+        uses: psf/black@stable
+        with:
+          options: "--line-length 120 --check"
+          src: "./discord"

.python-black

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

MANIFEST.in

@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ include README.rst
 include LICENSE
 include requirements.txt
 include discord/bin/*.dll
+include discord/py.typed

README.ja.rst

@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-discord.py
-==========
-
-.. image:: https://discord.com/api/guilds/336642139381301249/embed.png
-   :target: https://discord.gg/nXzj3dg
-   :alt: Discordサーバーの招待
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/discord.py.svg
-   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/discord.py
-   :alt: PyPIのバージョン情報
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/discord.py.svg
-   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/discord.py
-   :alt: PyPIのサポートしているPythonのバージョン
-
-discord.py は機能豊富かつモダンで使いやすい、非同期処理にも対応したDiscord用のAPIラッパーです。
-
-主な特徴
--------------
-
-- ``async`` と ``await`` を使ったモダンなPythonらしいAPI。
-- 適切なレート制限処理
-- Discord APIによってサポートされているものを100％カバー。
-- メモリと速度の両方を最適化。
-
-インストール
--------------
-
-**Python 3.5.3 以降のバージョンが必須です**
-
-完全な音声サポートなしでライブラリをインストールする場合は次のコマンドを実行してください:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    # Linux/OS X
-    python3 -m pip install -U discord.py
-
-    # Windows
-    py -3 -m pip install -U discord.py
-
-音声サポートが必要なら、次のコマンドを実行しましょう:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    # Linux/OS X
-    python3 -m pip install -U discord.py[voice]
-
-    # Windows
-    py -3 -m pip install -U discord.py[voice]
-
-
-開発版をインストールしたいのならば、次の手順に従ってください:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    $ git clone https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py
-    $ cd discord.py
-    $ python3 -m pip install -U .[voice]
-
-
-オプションパッケージ
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-* PyNaCl (音声サポート用)
-
-Linuxで音声サポートを導入するには、前述のコマンドを実行する前にお気に入りのパッケージマネージャー(例えば ``apt`` や ``dnf`` など)を使って以下のパッケージをインストールする必要があります:
-
-* libffi-dev (システムによっては ``libffi-devel``)
-* python-dev (例えばPython 3.6用の ``python3.6-dev``)
-
-簡単な例
---------------
-
-.. code:: py
-
-    import discord
-
-    class MyClient(discord.Client):
-        async def on_ready(self):
-            print('Logged on as', self.user)
-
-        async def on_message(self, message):
-            # don't respond to ourselves
-            if message.author == self.user:
-                return
-
-            if message.content == 'ping':
-                await message.channel.send('pong')
-
-    client = MyClient()
-    client.run('token')
-
-Botの例
-~~~~~~~~~~~~~
-
-.. code:: py
-
-    import discord
-    from discord.ext import commands
-
-    bot = commands.Bot(command_prefix='>')
-
-    @bot.command()
-    async def ping(ctx):
-        await ctx.send('pong')
-
-    bot.run('token')
-
-examplesディレクトリに更に多くのサンプルがあります。
-
-リンク
-------
-
-- `ドキュメント <https://discordpy.readthedocs.io/ja/latest/index.html>`_
-- `公式Discordサーバー <https://discord.gg/nXzj3dg>`_
-- `Discord API <https://discord.gg/discord-api>`_

README.rst

@@ -1,58 +1,65 @@
-discord.py
-==========
+enhanced-discord.py
+===================
 
-.. image:: https://discord.com/api/guilds/336642139381301249/embed.png
-   :target: https://discord.gg/r3sSKJJ
+.. image:: https://discord.com/api/guilds/514232441498763279/embed.png
+   :target: https://discord.gg/TvqYBrGXEm
    :alt: Discord server invite
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/discord.py.svg
-   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/discord.py
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/enhanced-dpy.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/enhanced-dpy
    :alt: PyPI version info
-.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/discord.py.svg
-   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/discord.py
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/enhanced-dpy.svg
+   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/enhanced-dpy
    :alt: PyPI supported Python versions
 
-A modern, easy to use, feature-rich, and async ready API wrapper for Discord written in Python.
+A modern, maintained, easy to use, feature-rich, and async ready API wrapper for Discord written in Python.
+
+The Future of enhanced-discord.py
+--------------------------
+
+Enhanced discord.py is a fork of Rapptz's discord.py, that went unmaintained (`gist <https://gist.github.com/Rapptz/4a2f62751b9600a31a0d3c78100287f1>`_)
+
+It is currently maintained by (in alphabetical order)
+
+- Chillymosh#8175
+- Daggy#9889
+- dank Had0cK#6081
+- Dutchy#6127
+- Eyesofcreeper#0001
+- Gnome!#6669
+- IAmTomahawkx#1000
+- Jadon#2494
+
+An overview of added features is available on the `custom features page <https://enhanced-dpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html#custom-features>`_.
 
 Key Features
 -------------
 
 - Modern Pythonic API using ``async`` and ``await``.
 - Proper rate limit handling.
-- 100% coverage of the supported Discord API.
 - Optimised in both speed and memory.
 
 Installing
 ----------
 
-**Python 3.5.3 or higher is required**
+**Python 3.8 or higher is required**
 
 To install the library without full voice support, you can just run the following command:
 
 .. code:: sh
 
     # Linux/macOS
-    python3 -m pip install -U discord.py
+    python3 -m pip install -U enhanced-dpy
 
     # Windows
-    py -3 -m pip install -U discord.py
-
-Otherwise to get voice support you should run the following command:
-
-.. code:: sh
-
-    # Linux/macOS
-    python3 -m pip install -U "discord.py[voice]"
-
-    # Windows
-    py -3 -m pip install -U discord.py[voice]
+    py -3 -m pip install -U enhanced-dpy
 
 
 To install the development version, do the following:
 
 .. code:: sh
 
-    $ git clone https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py
-    $ cd discord.py
+    $ git clone https://github.com/iDevision/enhanced-discord.py
+    $ cd enhanced-discord.py
     $ python3 -m pip install -U .[voice]
 
 
@@ -109,6 +116,6 @@ You can find more examples in the examples directory.
 Links
 ------
 
-- `Documentation <https://discordpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html>`_
-- `Official Discord Server <https://discord.gg/r3sSKJJ>`_
+- `Documentation <https://enhanced-dpy.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html>`_
+- `Official Discord Server <https://discord.gg/TvqYBrGXEm>`_
 - `Discord API <https://discord.gg/discord-api>`_

discord/__init__.py

@@ -9,16 +9,16 @@ A basic wrapper for the Discord API.
 
 """
 
-__title__ = 'discord'
-__author__ = 'Rapptz'
-__license__ = 'MIT'
-__copyright__ = 'Copyright 2015-present Rapptz'
-__version__ = '2.0.0a'
+__title__ = "discord"
+__author__ = "Rapptz"
+__license__ = "MIT"
+__copyright__ = "Copyright 2015-present Rapptz"
+__version__ = "2.0.0a"
 
-__path__ = __import__('pkgutil').extend_path(__path__, __name__)
+__path__ = __import__("pkgutil").extend_path(__path__, __name__)
 
-from collections import namedtuple
 import logging
+from typing import NamedTuple, Literal
 
 from .client import *
 from .appinfo import *
@@ -60,8 +60,15 @@ from .interactions import *
 from .components import *
 from .threads import *
 
-VersionInfo = namedtuple('VersionInfo', 'major minor micro releaselevel serial')
 
-version_info = VersionInfo(major=2, minor=0, micro=0, releaselevel='alpha', serial=0)
+class VersionInfo(NamedTuple):
+    major: int
+    minor: int
+    micro: int
+    releaselevel: Literal["alpha", "beta", "candidate", "final"]
+    serial: int
+
+
+version_info: VersionInfo = VersionInfo(major=2, minor=0, micro=0, releaselevel="alpha", serial=0)
 
 logging.getLogger(__name__).addHandler(logging.NullHandler())

discord/__main__.py

@@ -31,27 +31,30 @@ import pkg_resources
 import aiohttp
 import platform
 
+
 def show_version():
     entries = []
 
-    entries.append('- Python v{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}-{0.releaselevel}'.format(sys.version_info))
+    entries.append("- Python v{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}-{0.releaselevel}".format(sys.version_info))
     version_info = discord.version_info
-    entries.append('- discord.py v{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}-{0.releaselevel}'.format(version_info))
-    if version_info.releaselevel != 'final':
-        pkg = pkg_resources.get_distribution('discord.py')
+    entries.append("- discord.py v{0.major}.{0.minor}.{0.micro}-{0.releaselevel}".format(version_info))
+    if version_info.releaselevel != "final":
+        pkg = pkg_resources.get_distribution("discord.py")
         if pkg:
-            entries.append(f'    - discord.py pkg_resources: v{pkg.version}')
+            entries.append(f"    - discord.py pkg_resources: v{pkg.version}")
 
-    entries.append(f'- aiohttp v{aiohttp.__version__}')
+    entries.append(f"- aiohttp v{aiohttp.__version__}")
     uname = platform.uname()
-    entries.append('- system info: {0.system} {0.release} {0.version}'.format(uname))
-    print('\n'.join(entries))
+    entries.append("- system info: {0.system} {0.release} {0.version}".format(uname))
+    print("\n".join(entries))
+
 
 def core(parser, args):
     if args.version:
         show_version()
 
-bot_template = """#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+_bot_template = """#!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 from discord.ext import commands
 import discord
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ bot = Bot()
 bot.run(config.token)
 """
 
-gitignore_template = """# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+_gitignore_template = """# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
 __pycache__/
 *.py[cod]
 *$py.class
@@ -107,7 +110,7 @@ var/
 config.py
 """
 
-cog_template = '''from discord.ext import commands
+_cog_template = '''from discord.ext import commands
 import discord
 
 class {name}(commands.Cog{attrs}):
@@ -120,7 +123,7 @@ def setup(bot):
     bot.add_cog({name}(bot))
 '''
 
-cog_extras = '''
+_cog_extras = """
     def cog_unload(self):
         # clean up logic goes here
         pass
@@ -149,44 +152,68 @@ cog_extras = '''
         # called after a command is called here
         pass
 
-'''
+"""
 
 
 # certain file names and directory names are forbidden
 # see: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
 # although some of this doesn't apply to Linux, we might as well be consistent
 _base_table = {
-    '<': '-',
-    '>': '-',
-    ':': '-',
-    '"': '-',
+    "<": "-",
+    ">": "-",
+    ":": "-",
+    '"': "-",
     # '/': '-', these are fine
     # '\\': '-',
-    '|': '-',
-    '?': '-',
-    '*': '-',
+    "|": "-",
+    "?": "-",
+    "*": "-",
 }
 
 # NUL (0) and 1-31 are disallowed
 _base_table.update((chr(i), None) for i in range(32))
 
-translation_table = str.maketrans(_base_table)
+_translation_table = str.maketrans(_base_table)
+
 
 def to_path(parser, name, *, replace_spaces=False):
     if isinstance(name, Path):
         return name
 
-    if sys.platform == 'win32':
-        forbidden = ('CON', 'PRN', 'AUX', 'NUL', 'COM1', 'COM2', 'COM3', 'COM4', 'COM5', 'COM6', 'COM7', \
-                     'COM8', 'COM9', 'LPT1', 'LPT2', 'LPT3', 'LPT4', 'LPT5', 'LPT6', 'LPT7', 'LPT8', 'LPT9')
+    if sys.platform == "win32":
+        forbidden = (
+            "CON",
+            "PRN",
+            "AUX",
+            "NUL",
+            "COM1",
+            "COM2",
+            "COM3",
+            "COM4",
+            "COM5",
+            "COM6",
+            "COM7",
+            "COM8",
+            "COM9",
+            "LPT1",
+            "LPT2",
+            "LPT3",
+            "LPT4",
+            "LPT5",
+            "LPT6",
+            "LPT7",
+            "LPT8",
+            "LPT9",
+        )
         if len(name) <= 4 and name.upper() in forbidden:
-            parser.error('invalid directory name given, use a different one')
+            parser.error("invalid directory name given, use a different one")
 
-    name = name.translate(translation_table)
+    name = name.translate(_translation_table)
     if replace_spaces:
-        name = name.replace(' ', '-')
+        name = name.replace(" ", "-")
     return Path(name)
 
+
 def newbot(parser, args):
     new_directory = to_path(parser, args.directory) / to_path(parser, args.name)
 
@@ -195,106 +222,114 @@ def newbot(parser, args):
     try:
         new_directory.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
     except OSError as exc:
-        parser.error(f'could not create our bot directory ({exc})')
+        parser.error(f"could not create our bot directory ({exc})")
 
-    cogs = new_directory / 'cogs'
+    cogs = new_directory / "cogs"
 
     try:
         cogs.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
-        init = cogs / '__init__.py'
+        init = cogs / "__init__.py"
         init.touch()
     except OSError as exc:
-        print(f'warning: could not create cogs directory ({exc})')
+        print(f"warning: could not create cogs directory ({exc})")
 
     try:
-        with open(str(new_directory / 'config.py'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+        with open(str(new_directory / "config.py"), "w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
             fp.write('token = "place your token here"\ncogs = []\n')
     except OSError as exc:
-        parser.error(f'could not create config file ({exc})')
+        parser.error(f"could not create config file ({exc})")
 
     try:
-        with open(str(new_directory / 'bot.py'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-            base = 'Bot' if not args.sharded else 'AutoShardedBot'
-            fp.write(bot_template.format(base=base, prefix=args.prefix))
+        with open(str(new_directory / "bot.py"), "w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+            base = "Bot" if not args.sharded else "AutoShardedBot"
+            fp.write(_bot_template.format(base=base, prefix=args.prefix))
     except OSError as exc:
-        parser.error(f'could not create bot file ({exc})')
+        parser.error(f"could not create bot file ({exc})")
 
     if not args.no_git:
         try:
-            with open(str(new_directory / '.gitignore'), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-                fp.write(gitignore_template)
+            with open(str(new_directory / ".gitignore"), "w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+                fp.write(_gitignore_template)
         except OSError as exc:
-            print(f'warning: could not create .gitignore file ({exc})')
+            print(f"warning: could not create .gitignore file ({exc})")
+
+    print("successfully made bot at", new_directory)
 
-    print('successfully made bot at', new_directory)
 
 def newcog(parser, args):
     cog_dir = to_path(parser, args.directory)
     try:
         cog_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
     except OSError as exc:
-        print(f'warning: could not create cogs directory ({exc})')
+        print(f"warning: could not create cogs directory ({exc})")
 
     directory = cog_dir / to_path(parser, args.name)
-    directory = directory.with_suffix('.py')
+    directory = directory.with_suffix(".py")
     try:
-        with open(str(directory), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
-            attrs = ''
-            extra = cog_extras if args.full else ''
+        with open(str(directory), "w", encoding="utf-8") as fp:
+            attrs = ""
+            extra = _cog_extras if args.full else ""
             if args.class_name:
                 name = args.class_name
             else:
                 name = str(directory.stem)
-                if '-' in name or '_' in name:
-                    translation = str.maketrans('-_', '  ')
-                    name = name.translate(translation).title().replace(' ', '')
+                if "-" in name or "_" in name:
+                    translation = str.maketrans("-_", "  ")
+                    name = name.translate(translation).title().replace(" ", "")
                 else:
                     name = name.title()
 
             if args.display_name:
                 attrs += f', name="{args.display_name}"'
             if args.hide_commands:
-                attrs += ', command_attrs=dict(hidden=True)'
-            fp.write(cog_template.format(name=name, extra=extra, attrs=attrs))
+                attrs += ", command_attrs=dict(hidden=True)"
+            fp.write(_cog_template.format(name=name, extra=extra, attrs=attrs))
     except OSError as exc:
-        parser.error(f'could not create cog file ({exc})')
+        parser.error(f"could not create cog file ({exc})")
     else:
-        print('successfully made cog at', directory)
+        print("successfully made cog at", directory)
+
 
 def add_newbot_args(subparser):
-    parser = subparser.add_parser('newbot', help='creates a command bot project quickly')
+    parser = subparser.add_parser("newbot", help="creates a command bot project quickly")
     parser.set_defaults(func=newbot)
 
-    parser.add_argument('name', help='the bot project name')
-    parser.add_argument('directory', help='the directory to place it in (default: .)', nargs='?', default=Path.cwd())
-    parser.add_argument('--prefix', help='the bot prefix (default: $)', default='$', metavar='<prefix>')
-    parser.add_argument('--sharded', help='whether to use AutoShardedBot', action='store_true')
-    parser.add_argument('--no-git', help='do not create a .gitignore file', action='store_true', dest='no_git')
+    parser.add_argument("name", help="the bot project name")
+    parser.add_argument("directory", help="the directory to place it in (default: .)", nargs="?", default=Path.cwd())
+    parser.add_argument("--prefix", help="the bot prefix (default: $)", default="$", metavar="<prefix>")
+    parser.add_argument("--sharded", help="whether to use AutoShardedBot", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--no-git", help="do not create a .gitignore file", action="store_true", dest="no_git")
+
 
 def add_newcog_args(subparser):
-    parser = subparser.add_parser('newcog', help='creates a new cog template quickly')
+    parser = subparser.add_parser("newcog", help="creates a new cog template quickly")
     parser.set_defaults(func=newcog)
 
-    parser.add_argument('name', help='the cog name')
-    parser.add_argument('directory', help='the directory to place it in (default: cogs)', nargs='?', default=Path('cogs'))
-    parser.add_argument('--class-name', help='the class name of the cog (default: <name>)', dest='class_name')
-    parser.add_argument('--display-name', help='the cog name (default: <name>)')
-    parser.add_argument('--hide-commands', help='whether to hide all commands in the cog', action='store_true')
-    parser.add_argument('--full', help='add all special methods as well', action='store_true')
+    parser.add_argument("name", help="the cog name")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "directory", help="the directory to place it in (default: cogs)", nargs="?", default=Path("cogs")
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--class-name", help="the class name of the cog (default: <name>)", dest="class_name")
+    parser.add_argument("--display-name", help="the cog name (default: <name>)")
+    parser.add_argument("--hide-commands", help="whether to hide all commands in the cog", action="store_true")
+    parser.add_argument("--full", help="add all special methods as well", action="store_true")
+
 
 def parse_args():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog='discord', description='Tools for helping with discord.py')
-    parser.add_argument('-v', '--version', action='store_true', help='shows the library version')
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="discord", description="Tools for helping with discord.py")
+    parser.add_argument("-v", "--version", action="store_true", help="shows the library version")
     parser.set_defaults(func=core)
 
-    subparser = parser.add_subparsers(dest='subcommand', title='subcommands')
+    subparser = parser.add_subparsers(dest="subcommand", title="subcommands")
     add_newbot_args(subparser)
     add_newcog_args(subparser)
     return parser, parser.parse_args()
 
+
 def main():
     parser, args = parse_args()
     args.func(parser, args)
 
-if __name__ == '__main__':
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
     main()

discord/abc.py

@@ -26,7 +26,21 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import copy
 import asyncio
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Mapping, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Protocol, Type, TypeVar, Union, overload, runtime_checkable
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Dict,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Protocol,
+    Sequence,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    Union,
+    overload,
+    runtime_checkable,
+)
 
 from .iterators import HistoryIterator
 from .context_managers import Typing
@@ -38,22 +52,24 @@ from .role import Role
 from .invite import Invite
 from .file import File
 from .voice_client import VoiceClient, VoiceProtocol
+from .sticker import GuildSticker, StickerItem
 from . import utils
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Snowflake',
-    'User',
-    'PrivateChannel',
-    'GuildChannel',
-    'Messageable',
-    'Connectable',
+    "Snowflake",
+    "User",
+    "PrivateChannel",
+    "GuildChannel",
+    "Messageable",
+    "Connectable",
 )
 
-T = TypeVar('T', bound=VoiceProtocol)
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=VoiceProtocol)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from datetime import datetime
 
+    from .client import Client
     from .user import ClientUser
     from .asset import Asset
     from .state import ConnectionState
@@ -61,18 +77,28 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .member import Member
     from .channel import CategoryChannel
     from .embeds import Embed
-    from .message import Message, MessageReference
+    from .message import Message, MessageReference, PartialMessage
+    from .channel import TextChannel, DMChannel, GroupChannel, PartialMessageable
+    from .threads import Thread
     from .enums import InviteTarget
     from .ui.view import View
+    from .types.channel import (
+        PermissionOverwrite as PermissionOverwritePayload,
+        Channel as ChannelPayload,
+        GuildChannel as GuildChannelPayload,
+        OverwriteType,
+    )
 
+    PartialMessageableChannel = Union[TextChannel, Thread, DMChannel, PartialMessageable]
+    MessageableChannel = Union[PartialMessageableChannel, GroupChannel]
     SnowflakeTime = Union["Snowflake", datetime]
 
 MISSING = utils.MISSING
 
 
 class _Undefined:
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return 'see-below'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "see-below"
 
 
 _undefined: Any = _Undefined()
@@ -97,10 +123,6 @@ class Snowflake(Protocol):
     __slots__ = ()
     id: int
 
-    @property
-    def created_at(self) -> datetime:
-        """:class:`datetime.datetime`: Returns the model's creation time as an aware datetime in UTC."""
-        raise NotImplementedError
 
 @runtime_checkable
 class User(Snowflake, Protocol):
@@ -167,23 +189,23 @@ class PrivateChannel(Snowflake, Protocol):
 
 
 class _Overwrites:
-    __slots__ = ('id', 'allow', 'deny', 'type')
+    __slots__ = ("id", "allow", "deny", "type")
 
     ROLE = 0
     MEMBER = 1
 
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        self.id = kwargs.pop('id')
-        self.allow = int(kwargs.pop('allow', 0))
-        self.deny = int(kwargs.pop('deny', 0))
-        self.type = kwargs.pop('type')
+    def __init__(self, data: PermissionOverwritePayload):
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.allow: int = int(data.get("allow", 0))
+        self.deny: int = int(data.get("deny", 0))
+        self.type: OverwriteType = data["type"]
 
-    def _asdict(self):
+    def _asdict(self) -> PermissionOverwritePayload:
         return {
-            'id': self.id,
-            'allow': str(self.allow),
-            'deny': str(self.deny),
-            'type': self.type,
+            "id": self.id,
+            "allow": str(self.allow),
+            "deny": str(self.deny),
+            "type": self.type,
         }
 
     def is_role(self) -> bool:
@@ -193,7 +215,7 @@ class _Overwrites:
         return self.type == 1
 
 
-GCH = TypeVar('GCH', bound='GuildChannel')
+GCH = TypeVar("GCH", bound="GuildChannel")
 
 
 class GuildChannel:
@@ -208,11 +230,6 @@ class GuildChannel:
 
     This ABC must also implement :class:`~discord.abc.Snowflake`.
 
-    Note
-    ----
-    This ABC is not decorated with :func:`typing.runtime_checkable`, so will fail :func:`isinstance`/:func:`issubclass`
-    checks.
-
     Attributes
     -----------
     name: :class:`str`
@@ -230,7 +247,10 @@ class GuildChannel:
     name: str
     guild: Guild
     type: ChannelType
+    position: int
+    category_id: Optional[int]
     _state: ConnectionState
+    _overwrites: List[_Overwrites]
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
@@ -254,13 +274,13 @@ class GuildChannel:
         lock_permissions: bool = False,
         *,
         reason: Optional[str],
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         if position < 0:
-            raise InvalidArgument('Channel position cannot be less than 0.')
+            raise InvalidArgument("Channel position cannot be less than 0.")
 
         http = self._state.http
         bucket = self._sorting_bucket
-        channels = [c for c in self.guild.channels if c._sorting_bucket == bucket]
+        channels: List[GuildChannel] = [c for c in self.guild.channels if c._sorting_bucket == bucket]
 
         channels.sort(key=lambda c: c.position)
 
@@ -277,109 +297,107 @@ class GuildChannel:
 
         payload = []
         for index, c in enumerate(channels):
-            d = {'id': c.id, 'position': index}
+            d: Dict[str, Any] = {"id": c.id, "position": index}
             if parent_id is not _undefined and c.id == self.id:
                 d.update(parent_id=parent_id, lock_permissions=lock_permissions)
             payload.append(d)
 
         await http.bulk_channel_update(self.guild.id, payload, reason=reason)
-        self.position = position
-        if parent_id is not _undefined:
-            self.category_id = int(parent_id) if parent_id else None
 
-    async def _edit(self, options, reason):
+    async def _edit(self, options: Dict[str, Any], reason: Optional[str]) -> Optional[ChannelPayload]:
         try:
-            parent = options.pop('category')
+            parent = options.pop("category")
         except KeyError:
             parent_id = _undefined
         else:
             parent_id = parent and parent.id
 
         try:
-            options['rate_limit_per_user'] = options.pop('slowmode_delay')
+            options["rate_limit_per_user"] = options.pop("slowmode_delay")
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
         try:
-            rtc_region = options.pop('rtc_region')
+            rtc_region = options.pop("rtc_region")
         except KeyError:
             pass
         else:
-            options['rtc_region'] = None if rtc_region is None else str(rtc_region)
+            options["rtc_region"] = None if rtc_region is None else str(rtc_region)
 
         try:
-            video_quality_mode = options.pop('video_quality_mode')
+            video_quality_mode = options.pop("video_quality_mode")
         except KeyError:
             pass
         else:
-            options['video_quality_mode'] = int(video_quality_mode)
+            options["video_quality_mode"] = int(video_quality_mode)
 
-        lock_permissions = options.pop('sync_permissions', False)
+        lock_permissions = options.pop("sync_permissions", False)
 
         try:
-            position = options.pop('position')
+            position = options.pop("position")
         except KeyError:
             if parent_id is not _undefined:
                 if lock_permissions:
                     category = self.guild.get_channel(parent_id)
-                    options['permission_overwrites'] = [c._asdict() for c in category._overwrites]
-                options['parent_id'] = parent_id
+                    if category:
+                        options["permission_overwrites"] = [c._asdict() for c in category._overwrites]
+                options["parent_id"] = parent_id
             elif lock_permissions and self.category_id is not None:
                 # if we're syncing permissions on a pre-existing channel category without changing it
                 # we need to update the permissions to point to the pre-existing category
                 category = self.guild.get_channel(self.category_id)
-                options['permission_overwrites'] = [c._asdict() for c in category._overwrites]
+                if category:
+                    options["permission_overwrites"] = [c._asdict() for c in category._overwrites]
         else:
             await self._move(position, parent_id=parent_id, lock_permissions=lock_permissions, reason=reason)
 
-        overwrites = options.get('overwrites', None)
+        overwrites = options.get("overwrites", None)
         if overwrites is not None:
             perms = []
             for target, perm in overwrites.items():
                 if not isinstance(perm, PermissionOverwrite):
-                    raise InvalidArgument(f'Expected PermissionOverwrite received {perm.__class__.__name__}')
+                    raise InvalidArgument(f"Expected PermissionOverwrite received {perm.__class__.__name__}")
 
                 allow, deny = perm.pair()
                 payload = {
-                    'allow': allow.value,
-                    'deny': deny.value,
-                    'id': target.id,
+                    "allow": allow.value,
+                    "deny": deny.value,
+                    "id": target.id,
                 }
 
                 if isinstance(target, Role):
-                    payload['type'] = _Overwrites.ROLE
+                    payload["type"] = _Overwrites.ROLE
                 else:
-                    payload['type'] = _Overwrites.MEMBER
+                    payload["type"] = _Overwrites.MEMBER
 
                 perms.append(payload)
-            options['permission_overwrites'] = perms
+            options["permission_overwrites"] = perms
 
         try:
-            ch_type = options['type']
+            ch_type = options["type"]
         except KeyError:
             pass
         else:
             if not isinstance(ch_type, ChannelType):
-                raise InvalidArgument('type field must be of type ChannelType')
-            options['type'] = ch_type.value
+                raise InvalidArgument("type field must be of type ChannelType")
+            options["type"] = ch_type.value
 
         if options:
-            data = await self._state.http.edit_channel(self.id, reason=reason, **options)
-            self._update(self.guild, data)
+            return await self._state.http.edit_channel(self.id, reason=reason, **options)
 
-    def _fill_overwrites(self, data):
+    def _fill_overwrites(self, data: GuildChannelPayload) -> None:
         self._overwrites = []
         everyone_index = 0
         everyone_id = self.guild.id
 
-        for index, overridden in enumerate(data.get('permission_overwrites', [])):
-            overridden_id = int(overridden.pop('id'))
-            self._overwrites.append(_Overwrites(id=overridden_id, **overridden))
+        for index, overridden in enumerate(data.get("permission_overwrites", [])):
+            overwrite = _Overwrites(overridden)
+            self._overwrites.append(overwrite)
 
-            if overridden['type'] == _Overwrites.MEMBER:
+            if overwrite.type == _Overwrites.MEMBER:
                 continue
 
-            if overridden_id == everyone_id:
+            if overwrite.id == everyone_id:
                 # the @everyone role is not guaranteed to be the first one
                 # in the list of permission overwrites, however the permission
                 # resolution code kind of requires that it is the first one in
@@ -411,7 +429,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
     @property
     def mention(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The string that allows you to mention the channel."""
-        return f'<#{self.id}>'
+        return f"<#{self.id}>"
 
     @property
     def created_at(self) -> datetime:
@@ -449,7 +467,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
         return PermissionOverwrite()
 
     @property
-    def overwrites(self) -> Mapping[Union[Role, Member], PermissionOverwrite]:
+    def overwrites(self) -> Dict[Union[Role, Member], PermissionOverwrite]:
         """Returns all of the channel's overwrites.
 
         This is returned as a dictionary where the key contains the target which
@@ -458,7 +476,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
 
         Returns
         --------
-        Mapping[Union[:class:`~discord.Role`, :class:`~discord.Member`], :class:`~discord.PermissionOverwrite`]
+        Dict[Union[:class:`~discord.Role`, :class:`~discord.Member`], :class:`~discord.PermissionOverwrite`]
             The channel's permission overwrites.
         """
         ret = {}
@@ -488,7 +506,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
 
         If there is no category then this is ``None``.
         """
-        return self.guild.get_channel(self.category_id)
+        return self.guild.get_channel(self.category_id)  # type: ignore
 
     @property
     def permissions_synced(self) -> bool:
@@ -499,6 +517,9 @@ class GuildChannel:
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
         """
+        if self.category_id is None:
+            return False
+
         category = self.guild.get_channel(self.category_id)
         return bool(category and category.overwrites == self.overwrites)
 
@@ -517,6 +538,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
         someone with that role would have, which is essentially:
 
         - The default role permissions
+        - The permissions of the role used as a parameter
         - The default role permission overwrites
         - The permission overwrites of the role used as a parameter
 
@@ -558,24 +580,26 @@ class GuildChannel:
 
         # Handle the role case first
         if isinstance(obj, Role):
+            base.value |= obj._permissions
+
+            if base.administrator:
+                return Permissions.all()
+
+            # Apply @everyone allow/deny first since it's special
+            try:
+                maybe_everyone = self._overwrites[0]
+                if maybe_everyone.id == self.guild.id:
+                    base.handle_overwrite(allow=maybe_everyone.allow, deny=maybe_everyone.deny)
+            except IndexError:
+                pass
+
             if obj.is_default():
-                overwrite = utils.get(self._overwrites, type=_Overwrites.ROLE, id=obj.id)
-                if overwrite is not None:
-                    base.handle_overwrite(overwrite.allow, overwrite.deny)
                 return base
 
-            denies = 0
-            allows = 0
-            guild_id = self.guild.id
-            for overwrite in self._overwrites:
-                if not overwrite.is_role():
-                    continue
+            overwrite = utils.get(self._overwrites, type=_Overwrites.ROLE, id=obj.id)
+            if overwrite is not None:
+                base.handle_overwrite(overwrite.allow, overwrite.deny)
 
-                if overwrite.id in (obj.id, guild_id):
-                    denies |= overwrite.deny
-                    allows |= overwrite.allow
-
-            base.handle_overwrite(allows, denies)
             return base
 
         roles = obj._roles
@@ -679,14 +703,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
     ) -> None:
         ...
 
-    async def set_permissions(
-        self,
-        target,
-        *,
-        overwrite=_undefined,
-        reason=None,
-        **permissions
-    ):
+    async def set_permissions(self, target, *, overwrite=_undefined, reason=None, **permissions):
         r"""|coro|
 
         Sets the channel specific permission overwrites for a target in the
@@ -762,18 +779,18 @@ class GuildChannel:
         elif isinstance(target, Role):
             perm_type = _Overwrites.ROLE
         else:
-            raise InvalidArgument('target parameter must be either Member or Role')
+            raise InvalidArgument("target parameter must be either Member or Role")
 
         if overwrite is _undefined:
             if len(permissions) == 0:
-                raise InvalidArgument('No overwrite provided.')
+                raise InvalidArgument("No overwrite provided.")
             try:
                 overwrite = PermissionOverwrite(**permissions)
             except (ValueError, TypeError):
-                raise InvalidArgument('Invalid permissions given to keyword arguments.')
+                raise InvalidArgument("Invalid permissions given to keyword arguments.")
         else:
             if len(permissions) > 0:
-                raise InvalidArgument('Cannot mix overwrite and keyword arguments.')
+                raise InvalidArgument("Cannot mix overwrite and keyword arguments.")
 
         # TODO: wait for event
 
@@ -783,7 +800,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
             (allow, deny) = overwrite.pair()
             await http.edit_channel_permissions(self.id, target.id, allow.value, deny.value, perm_type, reason=reason)
         else:
-            raise InvalidArgument('Invalid overwrite type provided.')
+            raise InvalidArgument("Invalid overwrite type provided.")
 
     async def _clone_impl(
         self: GCH,
@@ -792,16 +809,16 @@ class GuildChannel:
         name: Optional[str] = None,
         reason: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> GCH:
-        base_attrs['permission_overwrites'] = [x._asdict() for x in self._overwrites]
-        base_attrs['parent_id'] = self.category_id
-        base_attrs['name'] = name or self.name
+        base_attrs["permission_overwrites"] = [x._asdict() for x in self._overwrites]
+        base_attrs["parent_id"] = self.category_id
+        base_attrs["name"] = name or self.name
         guild_id = self.guild.id
         cls = self.__class__
         data = await self._state.http.create_channel(guild_id, self.type.value, reason=reason, **base_attrs)
         obj = cls(state=self._state, guild=self.guild, data=data)
 
         # temporarily add it to the cache
-        self.guild._channels[obj.id] = obj
+        self.guild._channels[obj.id] = obj  # type: ignore
         return obj
 
     async def clone(self: GCH, *, name: Optional[str] = None, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> GCH:
@@ -947,15 +964,16 @@ class GuildChannel:
         if not kwargs:
             return
 
-        beginning, end = kwargs.get('beginning'), kwargs.get('end')
-        before, after = kwargs.get('before'), kwargs.get('after')
-        offset = kwargs.get('offset', 0)
+        beginning, end = kwargs.get("beginning"), kwargs.get("end")
+        before, after = kwargs.get("before"), kwargs.get("after")
+        offset = kwargs.get("offset", 0)
         if sum(bool(a) for a in (beginning, end, before, after)) > 1:
-            raise InvalidArgument('Only one of [before, after, end, beginning] can be used.')
+            raise InvalidArgument("Only one of [before, after, end, beginning] can be used.")
 
         bucket = self._sorting_bucket
-        parent_id = kwargs.get('category', MISSING)
+        parent_id = kwargs.get("category", MISSING)
         # fmt: off
+        channels: List[GuildChannel]
         if parent_id not in (MISSING, None):
             parent_id = parent_id.id
             channels = [
@@ -993,14 +1011,14 @@ class GuildChannel:
             index = next((i + 1 for i, c in enumerate(channels) if c.id == after.id), None)
 
         if index is None:
-            raise InvalidArgument('Could not resolve appropriate move position')
+            raise InvalidArgument("Could not resolve appropriate move position")
 
         channels.insert(max((index + offset), 0), self)
         payload = []
-        lock_permissions = kwargs.get('sync_permissions', False)
-        reason = kwargs.get('reason')
+        lock_permissions = kwargs.get("sync_permissions", False)
+        reason = kwargs.get("reason")
         for index, channel in enumerate(channels):
-            d = {'id': channel.id, 'position': index}
+            d = {"id": channel.id, "position": index}
             if parent_id is not MISSING and channel.id == self.id:
                 d.update(parent_id=parent_id, lock_permissions=lock_permissions)
             payload.append(d)
@@ -1017,7 +1035,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
         unique: bool = True,
         target_type: Optional[InviteTarget] = None,
         target_user: Optional[User] = None,
-        target_application_id: Optional[int] = None
+        target_application_id: Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> Invite:
         """|coro|
 
@@ -1043,11 +1061,11 @@ class GuildChannel:
             invite.
         reason: Optional[:class:`str`]
             The reason for creating this invite. Shows up on the audit log.
-        target_type: Optional[:class:`InviteTarget`]
+        target_type: Optional[:class:`.InviteTarget`]
             The type of target for the voice channel invite, if any.
-            
+
             .. versionadded:: 2.0
-        
+
         target_user: Optional[:class:`User`]
             The user whose stream to display for this invite, required if `target_type` is `TargetType.stream`. The user must be streaming in the channel.
 
@@ -1081,7 +1099,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
             unique=unique,
             target_type=target_type.value if target_type else None,
             target_user_id=target_user.id if target_user else None,
-            target_application_id=target_application_id
+            target_application_id=target_application_id,
         )
         return Invite.from_incomplete(data=data, state=self._state)
 
@@ -1111,7 +1129,7 @@ class GuildChannel:
         return [Invite(state=state, data=invite, channel=self, guild=guild) for invite in data]
 
 
-class Messageable(Protocol):
+class Messageable:
     """An ABC that details the common operations on a model that can send messages.
 
     The following implement this ABC:
@@ -1122,31 +1140,28 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
     - :class:`~discord.User`
     - :class:`~discord.Member`
     - :class:`~discord.ext.commands.Context`
-
-
-    Note
-    ----
-    This ABC is not decorated with :func:`typing.runtime_checkable`, so will fail :func:`isinstance`/:func:`issubclass`
-    checks.
+    - :class:`~discord.Thread`
     """
 
     __slots__ = ()
+    _state: ConnectionState
 
-    async def _get_channel(self):
+    async def _get_channel(self) -> MessageableChannel:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @overload
     async def send(
         self,
-        content: Optional[str] =...,
+        content: Optional[str] = ...,
         *,
         tts: bool = ...,
         embed: Embed = ...,
         file: File = ...,
-        delete_after: int = ...,
+        stickers: Sequence[Union[GuildSticker, StickerItem]] = ...,
+        delete_after: float = ...,
         nonce: Union[str, int] = ...,
         allowed_mentions: AllowedMentions = ...,
-        reference: Union[Message, MessageReference] = ...,
+        reference: Union[Message, MessageReference, PartialMessage] = ...,
         mention_author: bool = ...,
         view: View = ...,
     ) -> Message:
@@ -1160,19 +1175,69 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
         tts: bool = ...,
         embed: Embed = ...,
         files: List[File] = ...,
-        delete_after: int = ...,
+        stickers: Sequence[Union[GuildSticker, StickerItem]] = ...,
+        delete_after: float = ...,
         nonce: Union[str, int] = ...,
         allowed_mentions: AllowedMentions = ...,
-        reference: Union[Message, MessageReference] = ...,
+        reference: Union[Message, MessageReference, PartialMessage] = ...,
         mention_author: bool = ...,
         view: View = ...,
     ) -> Message:
         ...
 
-    async def send(self, content=None, *, tts=False, embed=None, file=None,
-                                          files=None, delete_after=None, nonce=None,
-                                          allowed_mentions=None, reference=None,
-                                          mention_author=None, view=None):
+    @overload
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        content: Optional[str] = ...,
+        *,
+        tts: bool = ...,
+        embeds: List[Embed] = ...,
+        file: File = ...,
+        stickers: Sequence[Union[GuildSticker, StickerItem]] = ...,
+        delete_after: float = ...,
+        nonce: Union[str, int] = ...,
+        allowed_mentions: AllowedMentions = ...,
+        reference: Union[Message, MessageReference, PartialMessage] = ...,
+        mention_author: bool = ...,
+        view: View = ...,
+    ) -> Message:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        content: Optional[str] = ...,
+        *,
+        tts: bool = ...,
+        embeds: List[Embed] = ...,
+        files: List[File] = ...,
+        stickers: Sequence[Union[GuildSticker, StickerItem]] = ...,
+        delete_after: float = ...,
+        nonce: Union[str, int] = ...,
+        allowed_mentions: AllowedMentions = ...,
+        reference: Union[Message, MessageReference, PartialMessage] = ...,
+        mention_author: bool = ...,
+        view: View = ...,
+    ) -> Message:
+        ...
+
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        content=None,
+        *,
+        tts=None,
+        embed=None,
+        embeds=None,
+        file=None,
+        files=None,
+        stickers=None,
+        delete_after=None,
+        nonce=None,
+        allowed_mentions=None,
+        reference=None,
+        mention_author=None,
+        view=None,
+    ):
         """|coro|
 
         Sends a message to the destination with the content given.
@@ -1186,12 +1251,14 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
         parameter should be used with a :class:`list` of :class:`~discord.File` objects.
         **Specifying both parameters will lead to an exception**.
 
-        If the ``embed`` parameter is provided, it must be of type :class:`~discord.Embed` and
-        it must be a rich embed type.
+        To upload a single embed, the ``embed`` parameter should be used with a
+        single :class:`~discord.Embed` object. To upload multiple embeds, the ``embeds``
+        parameter should be used with a :class:`list` of :class:`~discord.Embed` objects.
+        **Specifying both parameters will lead to an exception**.
 
         Parameters
         ------------
-        content: :class:`str`
+        content: Optional[:class:`str`]
             The content of the message to send.
         tts: :class:`bool`
             Indicates if the message should be sent using text-to-speech.
@@ -1218,7 +1285,7 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
 
             .. versionadded:: 1.4
 
-        reference: Union[:class:`~discord.Message`, :class:`~discord.MessageReference`]
+        reference: Union[:class:`~discord.Message`, :class:`~discord.MessageReference`, :class:`~discord.PartialMessage`]
             A reference to the :class:`~discord.Message` to which you are replying, this can be created using
             :meth:`~discord.Message.to_reference` or passed directly as a :class:`~discord.Message`. You can control
             whether this mentions the author of the referenced message using the :attr:`~discord.AllowedMentions.replied_user`
@@ -1232,6 +1299,12 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
             .. versionadded:: 1.6
         view: :class:`discord.ui.View`
             A Discord UI View to add to the message.
+        embeds: List[:class:`~discord.Embed`]
+            A list of embeds to upload. Must be a maximum of 10.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        stickers: Sequence[Union[:class:`~discord.GuildSticker`, :class:`~discord.StickerItem`]]
+            A list of stickers to upload. Must be a maximum of 3.
 
             .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
@@ -1244,8 +1317,9 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
         ~discord.InvalidArgument
             The ``files`` list is not of the appropriate size,
             you specified both ``file`` and ``files``,
-            or the ``reference`` object is not a :class:`~discord.Message`
-            or :class:`~discord.MessageReference`.
+            or you specified both ``embed`` and ``embeds``,
+            or the ``reference`` object is not a :class:`~discord.Message`,
+            :class:`~discord.MessageReference` or :class:`~discord.PartialMessage`.
 
         Returns
         ---------
@@ -1256,9 +1330,21 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
         channel = await self._get_channel()
         state = self._state
         content = str(content) if content is not None else None
+
+        if embed is not None and embeds is not None:
+            raise InvalidArgument("cannot pass both embed and embeds parameter to send()")
+
         if embed is not None:
             embed = embed.to_dict()
 
+        elif embeds is not None:
+            if len(embeds) > 10:
+                raise InvalidArgument("embeds parameter must be a list of up to 10 elements")
+            embeds = [embed.to_dict() for embed in embeds]
+
+        if stickers is not None:
+            stickers = [sticker.id for sticker in stickers]
+
         if allowed_mentions is not None:
             if state.allowed_mentions is not None:
                 allowed_mentions = state.allowed_mentions.merge(allowed_mentions).to_dict()
@@ -1269,53 +1355,84 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
 
         if mention_author is not None:
             allowed_mentions = allowed_mentions or AllowedMentions().to_dict()
-            allowed_mentions['replied_user'] = bool(mention_author)
+            allowed_mentions["replied_user"] = bool(mention_author)
 
         if reference is not None:
             try:
                 reference = reference.to_message_reference_dict()
             except AttributeError:
-                raise InvalidArgument('reference parameter must be Message or MessageReference') from None
+                raise InvalidArgument(
+                    "reference parameter must be Message, MessageReference, or PartialMessage"
+                ) from None
 
         if view:
-            if not hasattr(view, '__discord_ui_view__'):
-                raise InvalidArgument(f'view parameter must be View not {view.__class__!r}')
+            if not hasattr(view, "__discord_ui_view__"):
+                raise InvalidArgument(f"view parameter must be View not {view.__class__!r}")
 
             components = view.to_components()
         else:
             components = None
 
         if file is not None and files is not None:
-            raise InvalidArgument('cannot pass both file and files parameter to send()')
+            raise InvalidArgument("cannot pass both file and files parameter to send()")
 
         if file is not None:
             if not isinstance(file, File):
-                raise InvalidArgument('file parameter must be File')
+                raise InvalidArgument("file parameter must be File")
 
             try:
-                data = await state.http.send_files(channel.id, files=[file], allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
-                                                   content=content, tts=tts, embed=embed, nonce=nonce,
-                                                   message_reference=reference, components=components)
+                data = await state.http.send_files(
+                    channel.id,
+                    files=[file],
+                    allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
+                    content=content,
+                    tts=tts,
+                    embed=embed,
+                    embeds=embeds,
+                    nonce=nonce,
+                    message_reference=reference,
+                    stickers=stickers,
+                    components=components,
+                )
             finally:
                 file.close()
 
         elif files is not None:
             if len(files) > 10:
-                raise InvalidArgument('files parameter must be a list of up to 10 elements')
+                raise InvalidArgument("files parameter must be a list of up to 10 elements")
             elif not all(isinstance(file, File) for file in files):
-                raise InvalidArgument('files parameter must be a list of File')
+                raise InvalidArgument("files parameter must be a list of File")
 
             try:
-                data = await state.http.send_files(channel.id, files=files, content=content, tts=tts,
-                                                   embed=embed, nonce=nonce, allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
-                                                   message_reference=reference, components=components)
+                data = await state.http.send_files(
+                    channel.id,
+                    files=files,
+                    content=content,
+                    tts=tts,
+                    embed=embed,
+                    embeds=embeds,
+                    nonce=nonce,
+                    allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
+                    message_reference=reference,
+                    stickers=stickers,
+                    components=components,
+                )
             finally:
                 for f in files:
                     f.close()
         else:
-            data = await state.http.send_message(channel.id, content, tts=tts, embed=embed,
-                                                 nonce=nonce, allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
-                                                 message_reference=reference, components=components)
+            data = await state.http.send_message(
+                channel.id,
+                content,
+                tts=tts,
+                embed=embed,
+                embeds=embeds,
+                nonce=nonce,
+                allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
+                message_reference=reference,
+                stickers=stickers,
+                components=components,
+            )
 
         ret = state.create_message(channel=channel, data=data)
         if view:
@@ -1325,7 +1442,7 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
             await ret.delete(delay=delete_after)
         return ret
 
-    async def trigger_typing(self):
+    async def trigger_typing(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Triggers a *typing* indicator to the destination.
@@ -1336,7 +1453,7 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
         channel = await self._get_channel()
         await self._state.http.send_typing(channel.id)
 
-    def typing(self):
+    def typing(self) -> Typing:
         """Returns a context manager that allows you to type for an indefinite period of time.
 
         This is useful for denoting long computations in your bot.
@@ -1347,8 +1464,9 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
             This means that both ``with`` and ``async with`` work with this.
 
         Example Usage: ::
-            async with channel.typing(): 
-                # simulate something heavy 
+
+            async with channel.typing():
+                # simulate something heavy
                 await asyncio.sleep(10)
 
             await channel.send('done!')
@@ -1356,7 +1474,7 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
         """
         return Typing(self)
 
-    async def fetch_message(self, id):
+    async def fetch_message(self, id: int, /) -> Message:
         """|coro|
 
         Retrieves a single :class:`~discord.Message` from the destination.
@@ -1385,7 +1503,7 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
         data = await self._state.http.get_message(channel.id, id)
         return self._state.create_message(channel=channel, data=data)
 
-    async def pins(self):
+    async def pins(self) -> List[Message]:
         """|coro|
 
         Retrieves all messages that are currently pinned in the channel.
@@ -1412,7 +1530,15 @@ class Messageable(Protocol):
         data = await state.http.pins_from(channel.id)
         return [state.create_message(channel=channel, data=m) for m in data]
 
-    def history(self, *, limit=100, before=None, after=None, around=None, oldest_first=None):
+    def history(
+        self,
+        *,
+        limit: Optional[int] = 100,
+        before: Optional[SnowflakeTime] = None,
+        after: Optional[SnowflakeTime] = None,
+        around: Optional[SnowflakeTime] = None,
+        oldest_first: Optional[bool] = None,
+    ) -> HistoryIterator:
         """Returns an :class:`~discord.AsyncIterator` that enables receiving the destination's message history.
 
         You must have :attr:`~discord.Permissions.read_message_history` permissions to use this.
@@ -1489,19 +1615,28 @@ class Connectable(Protocol):
     """
 
     __slots__ = ()
+    _state: ConnectionState
 
-    def _get_voice_client_key(self):
+    def _get_voice_client_key(self) -> Tuple[int, str]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def _get_voice_state_pair(self):
+    def _get_voice_state_pair(self) -> Tuple[int, int]:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    async def connect(self, *, timeout: float = 60.0, reconnect: bool = True, cls: Type[T] = VoiceClient) -> T:
+    async def connect(
+        self,
+        *,
+        timeout: float = 60.0,
+        reconnect: bool = True,
+        cls: Callable[[Client, Connectable], T] = VoiceClient,
+    ) -> T:
         """|coro|
 
         Connects to voice and creates a :class:`VoiceClient` to establish
         your connection to the voice server.
 
+        This requires :attr:`Intents.voice_states`.
+
         Parameters
         -----------
         timeout: :class:`float`
@@ -1533,13 +1668,13 @@ class Connectable(Protocol):
         state = self._state
 
         if state._get_voice_client(key_id):
-            raise ClientException('Already connected to a voice channel.')
+            raise ClientException("Already connected to a voice channel.")
 
         client = state._get_client()
         voice = cls(client, self)
 
         if not isinstance(voice, VoiceProtocol):
-            raise TypeError('Type must meet VoiceProtocol abstract base class.')
+            raise TypeError("Type must meet VoiceProtocol abstract base class.")
 
         state._add_voice_client(key_id, voice)
 

discord/activity.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import datetime
-from typing import List, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union, overload
 
 from .asset import Asset
 from .enums import ActivityType, try_enum
@@ -34,12 +34,12 @@ from .partial_emoji import PartialEmoji
 from .utils import _get_as_snowflake
 
 __all__ = (
-    'BaseActivity',
-    'Activity',
-    'Streaming',
-    'Game',
-    'Spotify',
-    'CustomActivity',
+    "BaseActivity",
+    "Activity",
+    "Streaming",
+    "Game",
+    "Spotify",
+    "CustomActivity",
 )
 
 """If curious, this is the current schema for an activity.
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ t.ActivityFlags = {
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .types.activity import (
+        Activity as ActivityPayload,
         ActivityTimestamps,
         ActivityParty,
         ActivityAssets,
@@ -118,19 +119,22 @@ class BaseActivity:
     .. versionadded:: 1.3
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_created_at',)
+    __slots__ = ("_created_at",)
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        self._created_at = kwargs.pop('created_at', None)
+        self._created_at: Optional[float] = kwargs.pop("created_at", None)
 
     @property
-    def created_at(self):
+    def created_at(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
         """Optional[:class:`datetime.datetime`]: When the user started doing this activity in UTC.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
         """
         if self._created_at is not None:
-            return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._created_at / 1000)
+            return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(self._created_at / 1000, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> ActivityPayload:
+        raise NotImplementedError
 
 
 class Activity(BaseActivity):
@@ -147,17 +151,17 @@ class Activity(BaseActivity):
 
     Attributes
     ------------
-    application_id: :class:`int`
+    application_id: Optional[:class:`int`]
         The application ID of the game.
-    name: :class:`str`
+    name: Optional[:class:`str`]
         The name of the activity.
-    url: :class:`str`
+    url: Optional[:class:`str`]
         A stream URL that the activity could be doing.
     type: :class:`ActivityType`
         The type of activity currently being done.
-    state: :class:`str`
+    state: Optional[:class:`str`]
         The user's current state. For example, "In Game".
-    details: :class:`str`
+    details: Optional[:class:`str`]
         The detail of the user's current activity.
     timestamps: :class:`dict`
         A dictionary of timestamps. It contains the following optional keys:
@@ -195,62 +199,61 @@ class Activity(BaseActivity):
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'state',
-        'details',
-        '_created_at',
-        'timestamps',
-        'assets',
-        'party',
-        'flags',
-        'sync_id',
-        'session_id',
-        'type',
-        'name',
-        'url',
-        'application_id',
-        'emoji',
-        'buttons',
+        "state",
+        "details",
+        "_created_at",
+        "timestamps",
+        "assets",
+        "party",
+        "flags",
+        "sync_id",
+        "session_id",
+        "type",
+        "name",
+        "url",
+        "application_id",
+        "emoji",
+        "buttons",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(**kwargs)
-        self.state = kwargs.pop('state', None)
-        self.details = kwargs.pop('details', None)
-        self.timestamps: ActivityTimestamps = kwargs.pop('timestamps', {})
-        self.assets: ActivityAssets = kwargs.pop('assets', {})
-        self.party: ActivityParty = kwargs.pop('party', {})
-        self.application_id = _get_as_snowflake(kwargs, 'application_id')
-        self.name = kwargs.pop('name', None)
-        self.url = kwargs.pop('url', None)
-        self.flags = kwargs.pop('flags', 0)
-        self.sync_id = kwargs.pop('sync_id', None)
-        self.session_id = kwargs.pop('session_id', None)
-        self.buttons: List[ActivityButton] = kwargs.pop('buttons', [])
+        self.state: Optional[str] = kwargs.pop("state", None)
+        self.details: Optional[str] = kwargs.pop("details", None)
+        self.timestamps: ActivityTimestamps = kwargs.pop("timestamps", {})
+        self.assets: ActivityAssets = kwargs.pop("assets", {})
+        self.party: ActivityParty = kwargs.pop("party", {})
+        self.application_id: Optional[int] = _get_as_snowflake(kwargs, "application_id")
+        self.name: Optional[str] = kwargs.pop("name", None)
+        self.url: Optional[str] = kwargs.pop("url", None)
+        self.flags: int = kwargs.pop("flags", 0)
+        self.sync_id: Optional[str] = kwargs.pop("sync_id", None)
+        self.session_id: Optional[str] = kwargs.pop("session_id", None)
+        self.buttons: List[ActivityButton] = kwargs.pop("buttons", [])
 
-        activity_type = kwargs.pop('type', -1)
-        self.type = activity_type if isinstance(activity_type, ActivityType) else try_enum(ActivityType, activity_type)
-
-        emoji = kwargs.pop('emoji', None)
-        if emoji is not None:
-            self.emoji = PartialEmoji.from_dict(emoji)
-        else:
-            self.emoji = None
-
-    def __repr__(self):
-        attrs = (
-            ('type', self.type),
-            ('name', self.name),
-            ('url', self.url),
-            ('details', self.details),
-            ('application_id', self.application_id),
-            ('session_id', self.session_id),
-            ('emoji', self.emoji),
+        activity_type = kwargs.pop("type", -1)
+        self.type: ActivityType = (
+            activity_type if isinstance(activity_type, ActivityType) else try_enum(ActivityType, activity_type)
         )
-        inner = ' '.join('%s=%r' % t for t in attrs)
-        return f'<Activity {inner}>'
 
-    def to_dict(self):
-        ret = {}
+        emoji = kwargs.pop("emoji", None)
+        self.emoji: Optional[PartialEmoji] = PartialEmoji.from_dict(emoji) if emoji is not None else None
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        attrs = (
+            ("type", self.type),
+            ("name", self.name),
+            ("url", self.url),
+            ("details", self.details),
+            ("application_id", self.application_id),
+            ("session_id", self.session_id),
+            ("emoji", self.emoji),
+        )
+        inner = " ".join("%s=%r" % t for t in attrs)
+        return f"<Activity {inner}>"
+
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        ret: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         for attr in self.__slots__:
             value = getattr(self, attr, None)
             if value is None:
@@ -260,66 +263,66 @@ class Activity(BaseActivity):
                 continue
 
             ret[attr] = value
-        ret['type'] = int(self.type)
+        ret["type"] = int(self.type)
         if self.emoji:
-            ret['emoji'] = self.emoji.to_dict()
+            ret["emoji"] = self.emoji.to_dict()
         return ret
 
     @property
-    def start(self):
+    def start(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
         """Optional[:class:`datetime.datetime`]: When the user started doing this activity in UTC, if applicable."""
         try:
-            timestamp = self.timestamps['start'] / 1000
+            timestamp = self.timestamps["start"] / 1000
         except KeyError:
             return None
         else:
-            return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+            return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
     @property
-    def end(self):
+    def end(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
         """Optional[:class:`datetime.datetime`]: When the user will stop doing this activity in UTC, if applicable."""
         try:
-            timestamp = self.timestamps['end'] / 1000
+            timestamp = self.timestamps["end"] / 1000
         except KeyError:
             return None
         else:
-            return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+            return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
     @property
-    def large_image_url(self):
+    def large_image_url(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """Optional[:class:`str`]: Returns a URL pointing to the large image asset of this activity if applicable."""
         if self.application_id is None:
             return None
 
         try:
-            large_image = self.assets['large_image']
+            large_image = self.assets["large_image"]
         except KeyError:
             return None
         else:
-            return Asset.BASE + f'/app-assets/{self.application_id}/{large_image}.png'
+            return Asset.BASE + f"/app-assets/{self.application_id}/{large_image}.png"
 
     @property
-    def small_image_url(self):
+    def small_image_url(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """Optional[:class:`str`]: Returns a URL pointing to the small image asset of this activity if applicable."""
         if self.application_id is None:
             return None
 
         try:
-            small_image = self.assets['small_image']
+            small_image = self.assets["small_image"]
         except KeyError:
             return None
         else:
-            return Asset.BASE + f'/app-assets/{self.application_id}/{small_image}.png'
+            return Asset.BASE + f"/app-assets/{self.application_id}/{small_image}.png"
 
     @property
-    def large_image_text(self):
+    def large_image_text(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """Optional[:class:`str`]: Returns the large image asset hover text of this activity if applicable."""
-        return self.assets.get('large_text', None)
+        return self.assets.get("large_text", None)
 
     @property
-    def small_image_text(self):
+    def small_image_text(self) -> Optional[str]:
         """Optional[:class:`str`]: Returns the small image asset hover text of this activity if applicable."""
-        return self.assets.get('small_text', None)
+        return self.assets.get("small_text", None)
 
 
 class Game(BaseActivity):
@@ -356,23 +359,23 @@ class Game(BaseActivity):
         The game's name.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('name', '_end', '_start')
+    __slots__ = ("name", "_end", "_start")
 
-    def __init__(self, name, **extra):
+    def __init__(self, name: str, **extra):
         super().__init__(**extra)
-        self.name = name
+        self.name: str = name
 
         try:
-            timestamps: ActivityTimestamps = extra['timestamps']
+            timestamps: ActivityTimestamps = extra["timestamps"]
         except KeyError:
             self._start = 0
             self._end = 0
         else:
-            self._start = timestamps.get('start', 0)
-            self._end = timestamps.get('end', 0)
+            self._start = timestamps.get("start", 0)
+            self._end = timestamps.get("end", 0)
 
     @property
-    def type(self):
+    def type(self) -> ActivityType:
         """:class:`ActivityType`: Returns the game's type. This is for compatibility with :class:`Activity`.
 
         It always returns :attr:`ActivityType.playing`.
@@ -380,32 +383,32 @@ class Game(BaseActivity):
         return ActivityType.playing
 
     @property
-    def start(self):
+    def start(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
         """Optional[:class:`datetime.datetime`]: When the user started playing this game in UTC, if applicable."""
         if self._start:
-            return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._start / 1000).replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+            return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(self._start / 1000, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
         return None
 
     @property
-    def end(self):
+    def end(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
         """Optional[:class:`datetime.datetime`]: When the user will stop playing this game in UTC, if applicable."""
         if self._end:
-            return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._end / 1000).replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+            return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(self._end / 1000, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
         return None
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return str(self.name)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<Game name={self.name!r}>'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Game name={self.name!r}>"
 
-    def to_dict(self):
-        timestamps = {}
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        timestamps: Dict[str, Any] = {}
         if self._start:
-            timestamps['start'] = self._start
+            timestamps["start"] = self._start
 
         if self._end:
-            timestamps['end'] = self._end
+            timestamps["end"] = self._end
 
         # fmt: off
         return {
@@ -415,13 +418,13 @@ class Game(BaseActivity):
         }
         # fmt: on
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return isinstance(other, Game) and other.name == self.name
 
-    def __ne__(self, other):
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self.name)
 
 
@@ -450,7 +453,7 @@ class Streaming(BaseActivity):
 
     Attributes
     -----------
-    platform: :class:`str`
+    platform: Optional[:class:`str`]
         Where the user is streaming from (ie. YouTube, Twitch).
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
@@ -470,30 +473,30 @@ class Streaming(BaseActivity):
         A dictionary comprising of similar keys than those in :attr:`Activity.assets`.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('platform', 'name', 'game', 'url', 'details', 'assets')
+    __slots__ = ("platform", "name", "game", "url", "details", "assets")
 
-    def __init__(self, *, name, url, **extra):
+    def __init__(self, *, name: Optional[str], url: str, **extra: Any):
         super().__init__(**extra)
-        self.platform = name
-        self.name = extra.pop('details', name)
-        self.game = extra.pop('state', None)
-        self.url = url
-        self.details = extra.pop('details', self.name)  # compatibility
-        self.assets: ActivityAssets = extra.pop('assets', {})
+        self.platform: Optional[str] = name
+        self.name: Optional[str] = extra.pop("details", name)
+        self.game: Optional[str] = extra.pop("state", None)
+        self.url: str = url
+        self.details: Optional[str] = extra.pop("details", self.name)  # compatibility
+        self.assets: ActivityAssets = extra.pop("assets", {})
 
     @property
-    def type(self):
+    def type(self) -> ActivityType:
         """:class:`ActivityType`: Returns the game's type. This is for compatibility with :class:`Activity`.
 
         It always returns :attr:`ActivityType.streaming`.
         """
         return ActivityType.streaming
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return str(self.name)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<Streaming name={self.name!r}>'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Streaming name={self.name!r}>"
 
     @property
     def twitch_name(self):
@@ -504,15 +507,15 @@ class Streaming(BaseActivity):
         """
 
         try:
-            name = self.assets['large_image']
+            name = self.assets["large_image"]
         except KeyError:
             return None
         else:
-            return name[7:] if name[:7] == 'twitch:' else None
+            return name[7:] if name[:7] == "twitch:" else None
 
-    def to_dict(self):
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         # fmt: off
-        ret = {
+        ret: Dict[str, Any] = {
             'type': ActivityType.streaming.value,
             'name': str(self.name),
             'url': str(self.url),
@@ -520,16 +523,16 @@ class Streaming(BaseActivity):
         }
         # fmt: on
         if self.details:
-            ret['details'] = self.details
+            ret["details"] = self.details
         return ret
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return isinstance(other, Streaming) and other.name == self.name and other.url == self.url
 
-    def __ne__(self, other):
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self.name)
 
 
@@ -556,20 +559,20 @@ class Spotify:
             Returns the string 'Spotify'.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_state', '_details', '_timestamps', '_assets', '_party', '_sync_id', '_session_id', '_created_at')
+    __slots__ = ("_state", "_details", "_timestamps", "_assets", "_party", "_sync_id", "_session_id", "_created_at")
 
     def __init__(self, **data):
-        self._state = data.pop('state', None)
-        self._details = data.pop('details', None)
-        self._timestamps = data.pop('timestamps', {})
-        self._assets = data.pop('assets', {})
-        self._party = data.pop('party', {})
-        self._sync_id = data.pop('sync_id')
-        self._session_id = data.pop('session_id')
-        self._created_at = data.pop('created_at', None)
+        self._state: str = data.pop("state", "")
+        self._details: str = data.pop("details", "")
+        self._timestamps: Dict[str, int] = data.pop("timestamps", {})
+        self._assets: ActivityAssets = data.pop("assets", {})
+        self._party: ActivityParty = data.pop("party", {})
+        self._sync_id: str = data.pop("sync_id")
+        self._session_id: str = data.pop("session_id")
+        self._created_at: Optional[float] = data.pop("created_at", None)
 
     @property
-    def type(self):
+    def type(self) -> ActivityType:
         """:class:`ActivityType`: Returns the activity's type. This is for compatibility with :class:`Activity`.
 
         It always returns :attr:`ActivityType.listening`.
@@ -577,47 +580,47 @@ class Spotify:
         return ActivityType.listening
 
     @property
-    def created_at(self):
+    def created_at(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
         """Optional[:class:`datetime.datetime`]: When the user started listening in UTC.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
         """
         if self._created_at is not None:
-            return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._created_at / 1000)
+            return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(self._created_at / 1000, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
     @property
-    def colour(self):
+    def colour(self) -> Colour:
         """:class:`Colour`: Returns the Spotify integration colour, as a :class:`Colour`.
 
         There is an alias for this named :attr:`color`"""
         return Colour(0x1DB954)
 
     @property
-    def color(self):
+    def color(self) -> Colour:
         """:class:`Colour`: Returns the Spotify integration colour, as a :class:`Colour`.
 
         There is an alias for this named :attr:`colour`"""
         return self.colour
 
-    def to_dict(self):
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         return {
-            'flags': 48,  # SYNC | PLAY
-            'name': 'Spotify',
-            'assets': self._assets,
-            'party': self._party,
-            'sync_id': self._sync_id,
-            'session_id': self._session_id,
-            'timestamps': self._timestamps,
-            'details': self._details,
-            'state': self._state,
+            "flags": 48,  # SYNC | PLAY
+            "name": "Spotify",
+            "assets": self._assets,
+            "party": self._party,
+            "sync_id": self._sync_id,
+            "session_id": self._session_id,
+            "timestamps": self._timestamps,
+            "details": self._details,
+            "state": self._state,
         }
 
     @property
-    def name(self):
+    def name(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The activity's name. This will always return "Spotify"."""
-        return 'Spotify'
+        return "Spotify"
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return (
             isinstance(other, Spotify)
             and other._session_id == self._session_id
@@ -625,30 +628,30 @@ class Spotify:
             and other.start == self.start
         )
 
-    def __ne__(self, other):
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self._session_id)
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return 'Spotify'
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "Spotify"
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<Spotify title={self.title!r} artist={self.artist!r} track_id={self.track_id!r}>'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Spotify title={self.title!r} artist={self.artist!r} track_id={self.track_id!r}>"
 
     @property
-    def title(self):
+    def title(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The title of the song being played."""
         return self._details
 
     @property
-    def artists(self):
+    def artists(self) -> List[str]:
         """List[:class:`str`]: The artists of the song being played."""
-        return self._state.split('; ')
+        return self._state.split("; ")
 
     @property
-    def artist(self):
+    def artist(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The artist of the song being played.
 
         This does not attempt to split the artist information into
@@ -657,43 +660,51 @@ class Spotify:
         return self._state
 
     @property
-    def album(self):
+    def album(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The album that the song being played belongs to."""
-        return self._assets.get('large_text', '')
+        return self._assets.get("large_text", "")
 
     @property
-    def album_cover_url(self):
+    def album_cover_url(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The album cover image URL from Spotify's CDN."""
-        large_image = self._assets.get('large_image', '')
-        if large_image[:8] != 'spotify:':
-            return ''
+        large_image = self._assets.get("large_image", "")
+        if large_image[:8] != "spotify:":
+            return ""
         album_image_id = large_image[8:]
-        return 'https://i.scdn.co/image/' + album_image_id
+        return "https://i.scdn.co/image/" + album_image_id
 
     @property
-    def track_id(self):
+    def track_id(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The track ID used by Spotify to identify this song."""
         return self._sync_id
 
     @property
-    def start(self):
+    def track_url(self) -> str:
+        """:class:`str`: The track URL to listen on Spotify.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return f"https://open.spotify.com/track/{self.track_id}"
+
+    @property
+    def start(self) -> datetime.datetime:
         """:class:`datetime.datetime`: When the user started playing this song in UTC."""
-        return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._timestamps['start'] / 1000)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(self._timestamps["start"] / 1000, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
     @property
-    def end(self):
+    def end(self) -> datetime.datetime:
         """:class:`datetime.datetime`: When the user will stop playing this song in UTC."""
-        return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(self._timestamps['end'] / 1000)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(self._timestamps["end"] / 1000, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
     @property
-    def duration(self):
+    def duration(self) -> datetime.timedelta:
         """:class:`datetime.timedelta`: The duration of the song being played."""
         return self.end - self.start
 
     @property
-    def party_id(self):
+    def party_id(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The party ID of the listening party."""
-        return self._party.get('id', '')
+        return self._party.get("id", "")
 
 
 class CustomActivity(BaseActivity):
@@ -727,15 +738,16 @@ class CustomActivity(BaseActivity):
         The emoji to pass to the activity, if any.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('name', 'emoji', 'state')
+    __slots__ = ("name", "emoji", "state")
 
-    def __init__(self, name, *, emoji=None, **extra):
+    def __init__(self, name: Optional[str], *, emoji: Optional[PartialEmoji] = None, **extra: Any):
         super().__init__(**extra)
-        self.name = name
-        self.state = extra.pop('state', None)
-        if self.name == 'Custom Status':
+        self.name: Optional[str] = name
+        self.state: Optional[str] = extra.pop("state", None)
+        if self.name == "Custom Status":
             self.name = self.state
 
+        self.emoji: Optional[PartialEmoji]
         if emoji is None:
             self.emoji = emoji
         elif isinstance(emoji, dict):
@@ -745,74 +757,89 @@ class CustomActivity(BaseActivity):
         elif isinstance(emoji, PartialEmoji):
             self.emoji = emoji
         else:
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected str, PartialEmoji, or None, received {type(emoji)!r} instead.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected str, PartialEmoji, or None, received {type(emoji)!r} instead.")
 
     @property
-    def type(self):
+    def type(self) -> ActivityType:
         """:class:`ActivityType`: Returns the activity's type. This is for compatibility with :class:`Activity`.
 
         It always returns :attr:`ActivityType.custom`.
         """
         return ActivityType.custom
 
-    def to_dict(self):
+    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         if self.name == self.state:
             o = {
-                'type': ActivityType.custom.value,
-                'state': self.name,
-                'name': 'Custom Status',
+                "type": ActivityType.custom.value,
+                "state": self.name,
+                "name": "Custom Status",
             }
         else:
             o = {
-                'type': ActivityType.custom.value,
-                'name': self.name,
+                "type": ActivityType.custom.value,
+                "name": self.name,
             }
 
         if self.emoji:
-            o['emoji'] = self.emoji.to_dict()
+            o["emoji"] = self.emoji.to_dict()
         return o
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return isinstance(other, CustomActivity) and other.name == self.name and other.emoji == self.emoji
 
-    def __ne__(self, other):
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash((self.name, str(self.emoji)))
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         if self.emoji:
             if self.name:
-                return f'{self.emoji} {self.name}'
+                return f"{self.emoji} {self.name}"
             return str(self.emoji)
         else:
             return str(self.name)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<CustomActivity name={self.name!r} emoji={self.emoji!r}>'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<CustomActivity name={self.name!r} emoji={self.emoji!r}>"
 
 
-def create_activity(data):
+ActivityTypes = Union[Activity, Game, CustomActivity, Streaming, Spotify]
+
+
+@overload
+def create_activity(data: ActivityPayload) -> ActivityTypes:
+    ...
+
+
+@overload
+def create_activity(data: None) -> None:
+    ...
+
+
+def create_activity(data: Optional[ActivityPayload]) -> Optional[ActivityTypes]:
     if not data:
         return None
 
-    game_type = try_enum(ActivityType, data.get('type', -1))
+    game_type = try_enum(ActivityType, data.get("type", -1))
     if game_type is ActivityType.playing:
-        if 'application_id' in data or 'session_id' in data:
+        if "application_id" in data or "session_id" in data:
             return Activity(**data)
         return Game(**data)
     elif game_type is ActivityType.custom:
         try:
-            name = data.pop('name')
+            name = data.pop("name")
         except KeyError:
             return Activity(**data)
         else:
-            return CustomActivity(name=name, **data)
+            # we removed the name key from data already
+            return CustomActivity(name=name, **data)  # type: ignore
     elif game_type is ActivityType.streaming:
-        if 'url' in data:
-            return Streaming(**data)
+        if "url" in data:
+            # the url won't be None here
+            return Streaming(**data)  # type: ignore
         return Activity(**data)
-    elif game_type is ActivityType.listening and 'sync_id' in data and 'session_id' in data:
+    elif game_type is ActivityType.listening and "sync_id" in data and "session_id" in data:
         return Spotify(**data)
     return Activity(**data)

discord/appinfo.py

@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .state import ConnectionState
 
 __all__ = (
-    'AppInfo',
-    'PartialAppInfo',
+    "AppInfo",
+    "PartialAppInfo",
 )
 
 
@@ -115,58 +115,58 @@ class AppInfo:
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        '_state',
-        'description',
-        'id',
-        'name',
-        'rpc_origins',
-        'bot_public',
-        'bot_require_code_grant',
-        'owner',
-        '_icon',
-        'summary',
-        'verify_key',
-        'team',
-        'guild_id',
-        'primary_sku_id',
-        'slug',
-        '_cover_image',
-        'terms_of_service_url',
-        'privacy_policy_url',
+        "_state",
+        "description",
+        "id",
+        "name",
+        "rpc_origins",
+        "bot_public",
+        "bot_require_code_grant",
+        "owner",
+        "_icon",
+        "summary",
+        "verify_key",
+        "team",
+        "guild_id",
+        "primary_sku_id",
+        "slug",
+        "_cover_image",
+        "terms_of_service_url",
+        "privacy_policy_url",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, state: ConnectionState, data: AppInfoPayload):
         from .team import Team
 
         self._state: ConnectionState = state
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self.description: str = data['description']
-        self._icon: Optional[str] = data['icon']
-        self.rpc_origins: List[str] = data['rpc_origins']
-        self.bot_public: bool = data['bot_public']
-        self.bot_require_code_grant: bool = data['bot_require_code_grant']
-        self.owner: User = state.store_user(data['owner'])
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.description: str = data["description"]
+        self._icon: Optional[str] = data["icon"]
+        self.rpc_origins: List[str] = data["rpc_origins"]
+        self.bot_public: bool = data["bot_public"]
+        self.bot_require_code_grant: bool = data["bot_require_code_grant"]
+        self.owner: User = state.create_user(data["owner"])
 
-        team: Optional[TeamPayload] = data.get('team')
+        team: Optional[TeamPayload] = data.get("team")
         self.team: Optional[Team] = Team(state, team) if team else None
 
-        self.summary: str = data['summary']
-        self.verify_key: str = data['verify_key']
+        self.summary: str = data["summary"]
+        self.verify_key: str = data["verify_key"]
 
-        self.guild_id: Optional[int] = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, 'guild_id')
+        self.guild_id: Optional[int] = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, "guild_id")
 
-        self.primary_sku_id: Optional[int] = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, 'primary_sku_id')
-        self.slug: Optional[str] = data.get('slug')
-        self._cover_image: Optional[str] = data.get('cover_image')
-        self.terms_of_service_url: Optional[str] = data.get('terms_of_service_url')
-        self.privacy_policy_url: Optional[str] = data.get('privacy_policy_url')
+        self.primary_sku_id: Optional[int] = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, "primary_sku_id")
+        self.slug: Optional[str] = data.get("slug")
+        self._cover_image: Optional[str] = data.get("cover_image")
+        self.terms_of_service_url: Optional[str] = data.get("terms_of_service_url")
+        self.privacy_policy_url: Optional[str] = data.get("privacy_policy_url")
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r} '
-            f'description={self.description!r} public={self.bot_public} '
-            f'owner={self.owner!r}>'
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r} "
+            f"description={self.description!r} public={self.bot_public} "
+            f"owner={self.owner!r}>"
         )
 
     @property
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class AppInfo:
         """Optional[:class:`.Asset`]: Retrieves the application's icon asset, if any."""
         if self._icon is None:
             return None
-        return Asset._from_icon(self._state, self.id, self._icon, path='app')
+        return Asset._from_icon(self._state, self.id, self._icon, path="app")
 
     @property
     def cover_image(self) -> Optional[Asset]:
@@ -195,8 +195,9 @@ class AppInfo:
         """
         return self._state._get_guild(self.guild_id)
 
+
 class PartialAppInfo:
-    """Represents a partial AppInfo given by :func:`~GuildChannel.create_invite`
+    """Represents a partial AppInfo given by :func:`~discord.abc.GuildChannel.create_invite`
 
     .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
@@ -222,26 +223,37 @@ class PartialAppInfo:
         The application's privacy policy URL, if set.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_state', 'id', 'name', 'description', 'rpc_origins', 'summary', 'verify_key', 'terms_of_service_url', 'privacy_policy_url', '_icon')
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_state",
+        "id",
+        "name",
+        "description",
+        "rpc_origins",
+        "summary",
+        "verify_key",
+        "terms_of_service_url",
+        "privacy_policy_url",
+        "_icon",
+    )
 
     def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: PartialAppInfoPayload):
         self._state: ConnectionState = state
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self._icon: Optional[str] = data.get('icon')
-        self.description: str = data['description']
-        self.rpc_origins: Optional[List[str]] = data.get('rpc_origins')
-        self.summary: str = data['summary']
-        self.verify_key: str = data['verify_key']
-        self.terms_of_service_url: Optional[str] = data.get('terms_of_service_url')
-        self.privacy_policy_url: Optional[str] = data.get('privacy_policy_url')
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self._icon: Optional[str] = data.get("icon")
+        self.description: str = data["description"]
+        self.rpc_origins: Optional[List[str]] = data.get("rpc_origins")
+        self.summary: str = data["summary"]
+        self.verify_key: str = data["verify_key"]
+        self.terms_of_service_url: Optional[str] = data.get("terms_of_service_url")
+        self.privacy_policy_url: Optional[str] = data.get("privacy_policy_url")
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r} description={self.description!r}>'
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r} description={self.description!r}>"
 
     @property
     def icon(self) -> Optional[Asset]:
         """Optional[:class:`.Asset`]: Retrieves the application's icon asset, if any."""
         if self._icon is None:
             return None
-        return Asset._from_icon(self._state, self.id, self._icon, path='app')
+        return Asset._from_icon(self._state, self.id, self._icon, path="app")

discord/asset.py

@@ -33,13 +33,11 @@ from . import utils
 
 import yarl
 
-__all__ = (
-    'Asset',
-)
+__all__ = ("Asset",)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    ValidStaticFormatTypes = Literal['webp', 'jpeg', 'jpg', 'png']
-    ValidAssetFormatTypes = Literal['webp', 'jpeg', 'jpg', 'png', 'gif']
+    ValidStaticFormatTypes = Literal["webp", "jpeg", "jpg", "png"]
+    ValidAssetFormatTypes = Literal["webp", "jpeg", "jpg", "png", "gif"]
 
 VALID_STATIC_FORMATS = frozenset({"jpeg", "jpg", "webp", "png"})
 VALID_ASSET_FORMATS = VALID_STATIC_FORMATS | {"gif"}
@@ -47,6 +45,7 @@ VALID_ASSET_FORMATS = VALID_STATIC_FORMATS | {"gif"}
 
 MISSING = utils.MISSING
 
+
 class AssetMixin:
     url: str
     _state: Optional[Any]
@@ -71,7 +70,7 @@ class AssetMixin:
             The content of the asset.
         """
         if self._state is None:
-            raise DiscordException('Invalid state (no ConnectionState provided)')
+            raise DiscordException("Invalid state (no ConnectionState provided)")
 
         return await self._state.http.get_from_cdn(self.url)
 
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ class AssetMixin:
                 fp.seek(0)
             return written
         else:
-            with open(fp, 'wb') as f:
+            with open(fp, "wb") as f:
                 return f.write(data)
 
 
@@ -143,13 +142,13 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
     """
 
     __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = (
-        '_state',
-        '_url',
-        '_animated',
-        '_key',
+        "_state",
+        "_url",
+        "_animated",
+        "_key",
     )
 
-    BASE = 'https://cdn.discordapp.com'
+    BASE = "https://cdn.discordapp.com"
 
     def __init__(self, state, *, url: str, key: str, animated: bool = False):
         self._state = state
@@ -161,18 +160,29 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
     def _from_default_avatar(cls, state, index: int) -> Asset:
         return cls(
             state,
-            url=f'{cls.BASE}/embed/avatars/{index}.png',
+            url=f"{cls.BASE}/embed/avatars/{index}.png",
             key=str(index),
             animated=False,
         )
 
     @classmethod
     def _from_avatar(cls, state, user_id: int, avatar: str) -> Asset:
-        animated = avatar.startswith('a_')
-        format = 'gif' if animated else 'png'
+        animated = avatar.startswith("a_")
+        format = "gif" if animated else "png"
         return cls(
             state,
-            url=f'{cls.BASE}/avatars/{user_id}/{avatar}.{format}?size=1024',
+            url=f"{cls.BASE}/avatars/{user_id}/{avatar}.{format}?size=1024",
+            key=avatar,
+            animated=animated,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_guild_avatar(cls, state, guild_id: int, member_id: int, avatar: str) -> Asset:
+        animated = avatar.startswith("a_")
+        format = "gif" if animated else "png"
+        return cls(
+            state,
+            url=f"{cls.BASE}/guilds/{guild_id}/users/{member_id}/avatars/{avatar}.{format}?size=1024",
             key=avatar,
             animated=animated,
         )
@@ -181,7 +191,7 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
     def _from_icon(cls, state, object_id: int, icon_hash: str, path: str) -> Asset:
         return cls(
             state,
-            url=f'{cls.BASE}/{path}-icons/{object_id}/{icon_hash}.png?size=1024',
+            url=f"{cls.BASE}/{path}-icons/{object_id}/{icon_hash}.png?size=1024",
             key=icon_hash,
             animated=False,
         )
@@ -190,7 +200,7 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
     def _from_cover_image(cls, state, object_id: int, cover_image_hash: str) -> Asset:
         return cls(
             state,
-            url=f'{cls.BASE}/app-assets/{object_id}/store/{cover_image_hash}.png?size=1024',
+            url=f"{cls.BASE}/app-assets/{object_id}/store/{cover_image_hash}.png?size=1024",
             key=cover_image_hash,
             animated=False,
         )
@@ -199,31 +209,42 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
     def _from_guild_image(cls, state, guild_id: int, image: str, path: str) -> Asset:
         return cls(
             state,
-            url=f'{cls.BASE}/{path}/{guild_id}/{image}.png?size=1024',
+            url=f"{cls.BASE}/{path}/{guild_id}/{image}.png?size=1024",
             key=image,
             animated=False,
         )
 
     @classmethod
     def _from_guild_icon(cls, state, guild_id: int, icon_hash: str) -> Asset:
-        animated = icon_hash.startswith('a_')
-        format = 'gif' if animated else 'png'
+        animated = icon_hash.startswith("a_")
+        format = "gif" if animated else "png"
         return cls(
             state,
-            url=f'{cls.BASE}/icons/{guild_id}/{icon_hash}.{format}?size=1024',
+            url=f"{cls.BASE}/icons/{guild_id}/{icon_hash}.{format}?size=1024",
             key=icon_hash,
             animated=animated,
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def _from_sticker(cls, state, sticker_id: int, sticker_hash: str) -> Asset:
+    def _from_sticker_banner(cls, state, banner: int) -> Asset:
         return cls(
             state,
-            url=f'{cls.BASE}/stickers/{sticker_id}/{sticker_hash}.png?size=1024',
-            key=sticker_hash,
+            url=f"{cls.BASE}/app-assets/710982414301790216/store/{banner}.png",
+            key=str(banner),
             animated=False,
         )
 
+    @classmethod
+    def _from_user_banner(cls, state, user_id: int, banner_hash: str) -> Asset:
+        animated = banner_hash.startswith("a_")
+        format = "gif" if animated else "png"
+        return cls(
+            state,
+            url=f"{cls.BASE}/banners/{user_id}/{banner_hash}.{format}?size=512",
+            key=banner_hash,
+            animated=animated,
+        )
+
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self._url
 
@@ -231,8 +252,8 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
         return len(self._url)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        shorten = self._url.replace(self.BASE, '')
-        return f'<Asset url={shorten!r}>'
+        shorten = self._url.replace(self.BASE, "")
+        return f"<Asset url={shorten!r}>"
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return isinstance(other, Asset) and self._url == other._url
@@ -256,6 +277,7 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
 
     def replace(
         self,
+        *,
         size: int = MISSING,
         format: ValidAssetFormatTypes = MISSING,
         static_format: ValidStaticFormatTypes = MISSING,
@@ -289,20 +311,21 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
         if format is not MISSING:
             if self._animated:
                 if format not in VALID_ASSET_FORMATS:
-                    raise InvalidArgument(f'format must be one of {VALID_ASSET_FORMATS}')
-            else:
+                    raise InvalidArgument(f"format must be one of {VALID_ASSET_FORMATS}")
+                url = url.with_path(f"{path}.{format}")
+            elif static_format is MISSING:
                 if format not in VALID_STATIC_FORMATS:
-                    raise InvalidArgument(f'format must be one of {VALID_STATIC_FORMATS}')
-            url = url.with_path(f'{path}.{format}')
+                    raise InvalidArgument(f"format must be one of {VALID_STATIC_FORMATS}")
+                url = url.with_path(f"{path}.{format}")
 
         if static_format is not MISSING and not self._animated:
             if static_format not in VALID_STATIC_FORMATS:
-                raise InvalidArgument(f'static_format must be one of {VALID_STATIC_FORMATS}')
-            url = url.with_path(f'{path}.{static_format}')
+                raise InvalidArgument(f"static_format must be one of {VALID_STATIC_FORMATS}")
+            url = url.with_path(f"{path}.{static_format}")
 
         if size is not MISSING:
             if not utils.valid_icon_size(size):
-                raise InvalidArgument('size must be a power of 2 between 16 and 4096')
+                raise InvalidArgument("size must be a power of 2 between 16 and 4096")
             url = url.with_query(size=size)
         else:
             url = url.with_query(url.raw_query_string)
@@ -310,7 +333,7 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
         url = str(url)
         return Asset(state=self._state, url=url, key=self._key, animated=self._animated)
 
-    def with_size(self, size: int) -> Asset:
+    def with_size(self, size: int, /) -> Asset:
         """Returns a new asset with the specified size.
 
         Parameters
@@ -329,12 +352,12 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
             The new updated asset.
         """
         if not utils.valid_icon_size(size):
-            raise InvalidArgument('size must be a power of 2 between 16 and 4096')
+            raise InvalidArgument("size must be a power of 2 between 16 and 4096")
 
         url = str(yarl.URL(self._url).with_query(size=size))
         return Asset(state=self._state, url=url, key=self._key, animated=self._animated)
 
-    def with_format(self, format: ValidAssetFormatTypes) -> Asset:
+    def with_format(self, format: ValidAssetFormatTypes, /) -> Asset:
         """Returns a new asset with the specified format.
 
         Parameters
@@ -355,17 +378,17 @@ class Asset(AssetMixin):
 
         if self._animated:
             if format not in VALID_ASSET_FORMATS:
-                raise InvalidArgument(f'format must be one of {VALID_ASSET_FORMATS}')
+                raise InvalidArgument(f"format must be one of {VALID_ASSET_FORMATS}")
         else:
             if format not in VALID_STATIC_FORMATS:
-                raise InvalidArgument(f'format must be one of {VALID_STATIC_FORMATS}')
+                raise InvalidArgument(f"format must be one of {VALID_STATIC_FORMATS}")
 
         url = yarl.URL(self._url)
         path, _ = os.path.splitext(url.path)
-        url = str(url.with_path(f'{path}.{format}').with_query(url.raw_query_string))
+        url = str(url.with_path(f"{path}.{format}").with_query(url.raw_query_string))
         return Asset(state=self._state, url=url, key=self._key, animated=self._animated)
 
-    def with_static_format(self, format: ValidStaticFormatTypes) -> Asset:
+    def with_static_format(self, format: ValidStaticFormatTypes, /) -> Asset:
         """Returns a new asset with the specified static format.
 
         This only changes the format if the underlying asset is

discord/audit_logs.py

@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ from .object import Object
 from .permissions import PermissionOverwrite, Permissions
 
 __all__ = (
-    'AuditLogDiff',
-    'AuditLogChanges',
-    'AuditLogEntry',
+    "AuditLogDiff",
+    "AuditLogChanges",
+    "AuditLogEntry",
 )
 
 
@@ -49,12 +49,17 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .guild import Guild
     from .member import Member
     from .role import Role
-    from .types.audit_log import AuditLogChange as AuditLogChangePayload
-    from .types.audit_log import AuditLogEntry as AuditLogEntryPayload
+    from .types.audit_log import (
+        AuditLogChange as AuditLogChangePayload,
+        AuditLogEntry as AuditLogEntryPayload,
+    )
     from .types.channel import PermissionOverwrite as PermissionOverwritePayload
     from .types.role import Role as RolePayload
     from .types.snowflake import Snowflake
     from .user import User
+    from .stage_instance import StageInstance
+    from .sticker import GuildSticker
+    from .threads import Thread
 
 
 def _transform_permissions(entry: AuditLogEntry, data: str) -> Permissions:
@@ -69,22 +74,22 @@ def _transform_snowflake(entry: AuditLogEntry, data: Snowflake) -> int:
     return int(data)
 
 
-def _transform_channel(entry: AuditLogEntry, data: Optional[Snowflake]) -> Optional[Object]:
+def _transform_channel(entry: AuditLogEntry, data: Optional[Snowflake]) -> Optional[Union[abc.GuildChannel, Object]]:
     if data is None:
         return None
     return entry.guild.get_channel(int(data)) or Object(id=data)
 
 
-def _transform_owner_id(entry: AuditLogEntry, data: Optional[Snowflake]) -> Union[Member, User, None]:
+def _transform_member_id(entry: AuditLogEntry, data: Optional[Snowflake]) -> Union[Member, User, None]:
     if data is None:
         return None
     return entry._get_member(int(data))
 
 
-def _transform_inviter_id(entry: AuditLogEntry, data: Optional[Snowflake]) -> Union[Member, User, None]:
+def _transform_guild_id(entry: AuditLogEntry, data: Optional[Snowflake]) -> Optional[Guild]:
     if data is None:
         return None
-    return entry._get_member(int(data))
+    return entry._state._get_guild(data)
 
 
 def _transform_overwrites(
@@ -92,16 +97,16 @@ def _transform_overwrites(
 ) -> List[Tuple[Object, PermissionOverwrite]]:
     overwrites = []
     for elem in data:
-        allow = Permissions(elem['allow'])
-        deny = Permissions(elem['deny'])
+        allow = Permissions(int(elem["allow"]))
+        deny = Permissions(int(elem["deny"]))
         ow = PermissionOverwrite.from_pair(allow, deny)
 
-        ow_type = elem['type']
-        ow_id = int(elem['id'])
+        ow_type = elem["type"]
+        ow_id = int(elem["id"])
         target = None
-        if ow_type == '0':
+        if ow_type == "0":
             target = entry.guild.get_role(ow_id)
-        elif ow_type == '1':
+        elif ow_type == "1":
             target = entry._get_member(ow_id)
 
         if target is None:
@@ -133,7 +138,7 @@ def _guild_hash_transformer(path: str) -> Callable[[AuditLogEntry, Optional[str]
     return _transform
 
 
-T = TypeVar('T', bound=enums.Enum)
+T = TypeVar("T", bound=enums.Enum)
 
 
 def _enum_transformer(enum: Type[T]) -> Callable[[AuditLogEntry, int], T]:
@@ -143,6 +148,13 @@ def _enum_transformer(enum: Type[T]) -> Callable[[AuditLogEntry, int], T]:
     return _transform
 
 
+def _transform_type(entry: AuditLogEntry, data: Union[int]) -> Union[enums.ChannelType, enums.StickerType]:
+    if entry.action.name.startswith("sticker_"):
+        return enums.try_enum(enums.StickerType, data)
+    else:
+        return enums.try_enum(enums.ChannelType, data)
+
+
 class AuditLogDiff:
     def __len__(self) -> int:
         return len(self.__dict__)
@@ -151,8 +163,8 @@ class AuditLogDiff:
         yield from self.__dict__.items()
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        values = ' '.join('%s=%r' % item for item in self.__dict__.items())
-        return f'<AuditLogDiff {values}>'
+        values = " ".join("%s=%r" % item for item in self.__dict__.items())
+        return f"<AuditLogDiff {values}>"
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
@@ -176,8 +188,8 @@ class AuditLogChanges:
         'permissions':                   (None, _transform_permissions),
         'id':                            (None, _transform_snowflake),
         'color':                         ('colour', _transform_color),
-        'owner_id':                      ('owner', _transform_owner_id),
-        'inviter_id':                    ('inviter', _transform_inviter_id),
+        'owner_id':                      ('owner', _transform_member_id),
+        'inviter_id':                    ('inviter', _transform_member_id),
         'channel_id':                    ('channel', _transform_channel),
         'afk_channel_id':                ('afk_channel', _transform_channel),
         'system_channel_id':             ('system_channel', _transform_channel),
@@ -191,12 +203,15 @@ class AuditLogChanges:
         'icon_hash':                     ('icon', _transform_icon),
         'avatar_hash':                   ('avatar', _transform_avatar),
         'rate_limit_per_user':           ('slowmode_delay', None),
+        'guild_id':                      ('guild', _transform_guild_id),
+        'tags':                          ('emoji', None),
         'default_message_notifications': ('default_notifications', _enum_transformer(enums.NotificationLevel)),
         'region':                        (None, _enum_transformer(enums.VoiceRegion)),
         'rtc_region':                    (None, _enum_transformer(enums.VoiceRegion)),
         'video_quality_mode':            (None, _enum_transformer(enums.VideoQualityMode)),
         'privacy_level':                 (None, _enum_transformer(enums.StagePrivacyLevel)),
-        'type':                          (None, _enum_transformer(enums.ChannelType)),
+        'format_type':                   (None, _enum_transformer(enums.StickerFormatType)),
+        'type':                          (None, _transform_type),
     }
     # fmt: on
 
@@ -205,14 +220,14 @@ class AuditLogChanges:
         self.after = AuditLogDiff()
 
         for elem in data:
-            attr = elem['key']
+            attr = elem["key"]
 
             # special cases for role add/remove
-            if attr == '$add':
-                self._handle_role(self.before, self.after, entry, elem['new_value'])  # type: ignore
+            if attr == "$add":
+                self._handle_role(self.before, self.after, entry, elem["new_value"])  # type: ignore
                 continue
-            elif attr == '$remove':
-                self._handle_role(self.after, self.before, entry, elem['new_value'])  # type: ignore
+            elif attr == "$remove":
+                self._handle_role(self.after, self.before, entry, elem["new_value"])  # type: ignore
                 continue
 
             try:
@@ -226,7 +241,7 @@ class AuditLogChanges:
             transformer: Optional[Transformer]
 
             try:
-                before = elem['old_value']
+                before = elem["old_value"]
             except KeyError:
                 before = None
             else:
@@ -236,7 +251,7 @@ class AuditLogChanges:
             setattr(self.before, attr, before)
 
             try:
-                after = elem['new_value']
+                after = elem["new_value"]
             except KeyError:
                 after = None
             else:
@@ -246,34 +261,36 @@ class AuditLogChanges:
             setattr(self.after, attr, after)
 
         # add an alias
-        if hasattr(self.after, 'colour'):
+        if hasattr(self.after, "colour"):
             self.after.color = self.after.colour
             self.before.color = self.before.colour
-        if hasattr(self.after, 'expire_behavior'):
+        if hasattr(self.after, "expire_behavior"):
             self.after.expire_behaviour = self.after.expire_behavior
             self.before.expire_behaviour = self.before.expire_behavior
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<AuditLogChanges before={self.before!r} after={self.after!r}>'
+        return f"<AuditLogChanges before={self.before!r} after={self.after!r}>"
 
-    def _handle_role(self, first: AuditLogDiff, second: AuditLogDiff, entry: AuditLogEntry, elem: List[RolePayload]) -> None:
-        if not hasattr(first, 'roles'):
-            setattr(first, 'roles', [])
+    def _handle_role(
+        self, first: AuditLogDiff, second: AuditLogDiff, entry: AuditLogEntry, elem: List[RolePayload]
+    ) -> None:
+        if not hasattr(first, "roles"):
+            setattr(first, "roles", [])
 
         data = []
         g: Guild = entry.guild  # type: ignore
 
         for e in elem:
-            role_id = int(e['id'])
+            role_id = int(e["id"])
             role = g.get_role(role_id)
 
             if role is None:
                 role = Object(id=role_id)
-                role.name = e['name']  # type: ignore
+                role.name = e["name"]  # type: ignore
 
             data.append(role)
 
-        setattr(second, 'roles', data)
+        setattr(second, "roles", data)
 
 
 class _AuditLogProxyMemberPrune:
@@ -318,6 +335,10 @@ class AuditLogEntry(Hashable):
 
             Returns the entry's hash.
 
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the entry's ID.
+
     .. versionchanged:: 1.7
         Audit log entries are now comparable and hashable.
 
@@ -349,56 +370,56 @@ class AuditLogEntry(Hashable):
         self._from_data(data)
 
     def _from_data(self, data: AuditLogEntryPayload) -> None:
-        self.action = enums.try_enum(enums.AuditLogAction, data['action_type'])
-        self.id = int(data['id'])
+        self.action = enums.try_enum(enums.AuditLogAction, data["action_type"])
+        self.id = int(data["id"])
 
         # this key is technically not usually present
-        self.reason = data.get('reason')
-        self.extra = data.get('options')
+        self.reason = data.get("reason")
+        self.extra = data.get("options")
 
         if isinstance(self.action, enums.AuditLogAction) and self.extra:
             if self.action is enums.AuditLogAction.member_prune:
                 # member prune has two keys with useful information
                 self.extra: _AuditLogProxyMemberPrune = type(
-                    '_AuditLogProxy', (), {k: int(v) for k, v in self.extra.items()}
+                    "_AuditLogProxy", (), {k: int(v) for k, v in self.extra.items()}
                 )()
             elif self.action is enums.AuditLogAction.member_move or self.action is enums.AuditLogAction.message_delete:
-                channel_id = int(self.extra['channel_id'])
+                channel_id = int(self.extra["channel_id"])
                 elems = {
-                    'count': int(self.extra['count']),
-                    'channel': self.guild.get_channel(channel_id) or Object(id=channel_id),
+                    "count": int(self.extra["count"]),
+                    "channel": self.guild.get_channel(channel_id) or Object(id=channel_id),
                 }
-                self.extra: _AuditLogProxyMemberMoveOrMessageDelete = type('_AuditLogProxy', (), elems)()
+                self.extra: _AuditLogProxyMemberMoveOrMessageDelete = type("_AuditLogProxy", (), elems)()
             elif self.action is enums.AuditLogAction.member_disconnect:
                 # The member disconnect action has a dict with some information
                 elems = {
-                    'count': int(self.extra['count']),
+                    "count": int(self.extra["count"]),
                 }
-                self.extra: _AuditLogProxyMemberDisconnect = type('_AuditLogProxy', (), elems)()
-            elif self.action.name.endswith('pin'):
+                self.extra: _AuditLogProxyMemberDisconnect = type("_AuditLogProxy", (), elems)()
+            elif self.action.name.endswith("pin"):
                 # the pin actions have a dict with some information
-                channel_id = int(self.extra['channel_id'])
+                channel_id = int(self.extra["channel_id"])
                 elems = {
-                    'channel': self.guild.get_channel(channel_id) or Object(id=channel_id),
-                    'message_id': int(self.extra['message_id']),
+                    "channel": self.guild.get_channel(channel_id) or Object(id=channel_id),
+                    "message_id": int(self.extra["message_id"]),
                 }
-                self.extra: _AuditLogProxyPinAction = type('_AuditLogProxy', (), elems)()
-            elif self.action.name.startswith('overwrite_'):
+                self.extra: _AuditLogProxyPinAction = type("_AuditLogProxy", (), elems)()
+            elif self.action.name.startswith("overwrite_"):
                 # the overwrite_ actions have a dict with some information
-                instance_id = int(self.extra['id'])
-                the_type = self.extra.get('type')
-                if the_type == '1':
+                instance_id = int(self.extra["id"])
+                the_type = self.extra.get("type")
+                if the_type == "1":
                     self.extra = self._get_member(instance_id)
-                elif the_type == '0':
+                elif the_type == "0":
                     role = self.guild.get_role(instance_id)
                     if role is None:
                         role = Object(id=instance_id)
-                        role.name = self.extra.get('role_name')  # type: ignore
+                        role.name = self.extra.get("role_name")  # type: ignore
                     self.extra: Role = role
-            elif self.action.name.startswith('stage_instance'):
-                channel_id = int(self.extra['channel_id'])
-                elems = {'channel': self.guild.get_channel(channel_id) or Object(id=channel_id)}
-                self.extra: _AuditLogProxyStageInstanceAction = type('_AuditLogProxy', (), elems)()
+            elif self.action.name.startswith("stage_instance"):
+                channel_id = int(self.extra["channel_id"])
+                elems = {"channel": self.guild.get_channel(channel_id) or Object(id=channel_id)}
+                self.extra: _AuditLogProxyStageInstanceAction = type("_AuditLogProxy", (), elems)()
 
         # fmt: off
         self.extra: Union[
@@ -417,16 +438,16 @@ class AuditLogEntry(Hashable):
         # where new_value and old_value are not guaranteed to be there depending
         # on the action type, so let's just fetch it for now and only turn it
         # into meaningful data when requested
-        self._changes = data.get('changes', [])
+        self._changes = data.get("changes", [])
 
-        self.user = self._get_member(utils._get_as_snowflake(data, 'user_id'))  # type: ignore
-        self._target_id = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, 'target_id')
+        self.user = self._get_member(utils._get_as_snowflake(data, "user_id"))  # type: ignore
+        self._target_id = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, "target_id")
 
     def _get_member(self, user_id: int) -> Union[Member, User, None]:
         return self.guild.get_member(user_id) or self._users.get(user_id)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<AuditLogEntry id={self.id} action={self.action} user={self.user!r}>'
+        return f"<AuditLogEntry id={self.id} action={self.action} user={self.user!r}>"
 
     @utils.cached_property
     def created_at(self) -> datetime.datetime:
@@ -434,9 +455,13 @@ class AuditLogEntry(Hashable):
         return utils.snowflake_time(self.id)
 
     @utils.cached_property
-    def target(self) -> Union[Guild, abc.GuildChannel, Member, User, Role, Invite, Emoji, Object, None]:
+    def target(
+        self,
+    ) -> Union[
+        Guild, abc.GuildChannel, Member, User, Role, Invite, Emoji, StageInstance, GuildSticker, Thread, Object, None
+    ]:
         try:
-            converter = getattr(self, '_convert_target_' + self.action.target_type)
+            converter = getattr(self, "_convert_target_" + self.action.target_type)
         except AttributeError:
             return Object(id=self._target_id)
         else:
@@ -482,11 +507,11 @@ class AuditLogEntry(Hashable):
         changeset = self.before if self.action is enums.AuditLogAction.invite_delete else self.after
 
         fake_payload = {
-            'max_age': changeset.max_age,
-            'max_uses': changeset.max_uses,
-            'code': changeset.code,
-            'temporary': changeset.temporary,
-            'uses': changeset.uses,
+            "max_age": changeset.max_age,
+            "max_uses": changeset.max_uses,
+            "code": changeset.code,
+            "temporary": changeset.temporary,
+            "uses": changeset.uses,
         }
 
         obj = Invite(state=self._state, data=fake_payload, guild=self.guild, channel=changeset.channel)  # type: ignore
@@ -501,3 +526,12 @@ class AuditLogEntry(Hashable):
 
     def _convert_target_message(self, target_id: int) -> Union[Member, User, None]:
         return self._get_member(target_id)
+
+    def _convert_target_stage_instance(self, target_id: int) -> Union[StageInstance, Object]:
+        return self.guild.get_stage_instance(target_id) or Object(id=target_id)
+
+    def _convert_target_sticker(self, target_id: int) -> Union[GuildSticker, Object]:
+        return self._state.get_sticker(target_id) or Object(id=target_id)
+
+    def _convert_target_thread(self, target_id: int) -> Union[Thread, Object]:
+        return self.guild.get_thread(target_id) or Object(id=target_id)

discord/backoff.py

@@ -22,14 +22,19 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
 import time
 import random
+from typing import Callable, Generic, Literal, TypeVar, overload, Union
 
-__all__ = (
-    'ExponentialBackoff',
-)
+T = TypeVar("T", bool, Literal[True], Literal[False])
 
-class ExponentialBackoff:
+__all__ = ("ExponentialBackoff",)
+
+
+class ExponentialBackoff(Generic[T]):
     """An implementation of the exponential backoff algorithm
 
     Provides a convenient interface to implement an exponential backoff
@@ -51,21 +56,33 @@ class ExponentialBackoff:
         number in between may be returned.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, base=1, *, integral=False):
-        self._base = base
+    def __init__(self, base: int = 1, *, integral: T = False):
+        self._base: int = base
 
-        self._exp = 0
-        self._max = 10
-        self._reset_time = base * 2 ** 11
-        self._last_invocation = time.monotonic()
+        self._exp: int = 0
+        self._max: int = 10
+        self._reset_time: int = base * 2 ** 11
+        self._last_invocation: float = time.monotonic()
 
         # Use our own random instance to avoid messing with global one
         rand = random.Random()
         rand.seed()
 
-        self._randfunc = rand.randrange if integral else rand.uniform
+        self._randfunc: Callable[..., Union[int, float]] = rand.randrange if integral else rand.uniform  # type: ignore
 
-    def delay(self):
+    @overload
+    def delay(self: ExponentialBackoff[Literal[False]]) -> float:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def delay(self: ExponentialBackoff[Literal[True]]) -> int:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def delay(self: ExponentialBackoff[bool]) -> Union[int, float]:
+        ...
+
+    def delay(self) -> Union[int, float]:
         """Compute the next delay
 
         Returns the next delay to wait according to the exponential

discord/colour.py

@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ from typing import (
 )
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Colour',
-    'Color',
+    "Colour",
+    "Color",
 )
 
-CT = TypeVar('CT', bound='Colour')
+CT = TypeVar("CT", bound="Colour")
 
 
 class Colour:
@@ -76,16 +76,16 @@ class Colour:
         The raw integer colour value.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('value',)
+    __slots__ = ("value",)
 
-    def __init__(self, value):
+    def __init__(self, value: int):
         if not isinstance(value, int):
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected int parameter, received {value.__class__.__name__} instead.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected int parameter, received {value.__class__.__name__} instead.")
 
         self.value: int = value
 
     def _get_byte(self, byte: int) -> int:
-        return (self.value >> (8 * byte)) & 0xff
+        return (self.value >> (8 * byte)) & 0xFF
 
     def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return isinstance(other, Colour) and self.value == other.value
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@ class Colour:
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f'#{self.value:0>6x}'
+        return f"#{self.value:0>6x}"
 
     def __int__(self) -> int:
         return self.value
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<Colour value={self.value}>'
+        return f"<Colour value={self.value}>"
 
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self.value)
@@ -164,27 +164,35 @@ class Colour:
     @classmethod
     def teal(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x1abc9c``."""
-        return cls(0x1abc9c)
+        return cls(0x1ABC9C)
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_teal(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x11806a``."""
-        return cls(0x11806a)
+        return cls(0x11806A)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def brand_green(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
+        """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x57F287``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return cls(0x57F287)
 
     @classmethod
     def green(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x2ecc71``."""
-        return cls(0x2ecc71)
+        return cls(0x2ECC71)
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_green(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x1f8b4c``."""
-        return cls(0x1f8b4c)
+        return cls(0x1F8B4C)
 
     @classmethod
     def blue(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x3498db``."""
-        return cls(0x3498db)
+        return cls(0x3498DB)
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_blue(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
@@ -194,85 +202,100 @@ class Colour:
     @classmethod
     def purple(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x9b59b6``."""
-        return cls(0x9b59b6)
+        return cls(0x9B59B6)
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_purple(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x71368a``."""
-        return cls(0x71368a)
+        return cls(0x71368A)
 
     @classmethod
     def magenta(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0xe91e63``."""
-        return cls(0xe91e63)
+        return cls(0xE91E63)
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_magenta(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0xad1457``."""
-        return cls(0xad1457)
+        return cls(0xAD1457)
 
     @classmethod
     def gold(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0xf1c40f``."""
-        return cls(0xf1c40f)
+        return cls(0xF1C40F)
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_gold(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0xc27c0e``."""
-        return cls(0xc27c0e)
+        return cls(0xC27C0E)
 
     @classmethod
     def orange(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0xe67e22``."""
-        return cls(0xe67e22)
+        return cls(0xE67E22)
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_orange(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0xa84300``."""
-        return cls(0xa84300)
+        return cls(0xA84300)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def brand_red(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
+        """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0xED4245``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return cls(0xED4245)
 
     @classmethod
     def red(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0xe74c3c``."""
-        return cls(0xe74c3c)
+        return cls(0xE74C3C)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def nitro_booster(cls):
+        """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0xf47fff``.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0"""
+        return cls(0xF47FFF)
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_red(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x992d22``."""
-        return cls(0x992d22)
+        return cls(0x992D22)
 
     @classmethod
     def lighter_grey(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x95a5a6``."""
-        return cls(0x95a5a6)
+        return cls(0x95A5A6)
 
     lighter_gray = lighter_grey
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_grey(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x607d8b``."""
-        return cls(0x607d8b)
+        return cls(0x607D8B)
 
     dark_gray = dark_grey
 
     @classmethod
     def light_grey(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x979c9f``."""
-        return cls(0x979c9f)
+        return cls(0x979C9F)
 
     light_gray = light_grey
 
     @classmethod
     def darker_grey(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x546e7a``."""
-        return cls(0x546e7a)
+        return cls(0x546E7A)
 
     darker_gray = darker_grey
 
     @classmethod
     def og_blurple(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x7289da``."""
-        return cls(0x7289da)
+        return cls(0x7289DA)
 
     @classmethod
     def blurple(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
@@ -282,7 +305,7 @@ class Colour:
     @classmethod
     def greyple(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x99aab5``."""
-        return cls(0x99aab5)
+        return cls(0x99AAB5)
 
     @classmethod
     def dark_theme(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
@@ -309,5 +332,14 @@ class Colour:
         """
         return cls(0xFEE75C)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def dark_blurple(cls: Type[CT]) -> CT:
+        """A factory method that returns a :class:`Colour` with a value of ``0x4E5D94``.
+        This is the original Dark Blurple branding.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return cls(0x4E5D94)
+
 
 Color = Colour

discord/components.py

@@ -41,14 +41,14 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Component',
-    'ActionRow',
-    'Button',
-    'SelectMenu',
-    'SelectOption',
+    "Component",
+    "ActionRow",
+    "Button",
+    "SelectMenu",
+    "SelectOption",
 )
 
-C = TypeVar('C', bound='Component')
+C = TypeVar("C", bound="Component")
 
 
 class Component:
@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@ class Component:
         The type of component.
     """
 
-    __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = ('type',)
+    __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = ("type",)
 
     __repr_info__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]]
     type: ComponentType
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        attrs = ' '.join(f'{key}={getattr(self, key)!r}' for key in self.__repr_info__)
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} {attrs}>'
+        attrs = " ".join(f"{key}={getattr(self, key)!r}" for key in self.__repr_info__)
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {attrs}>"
 
     @classmethod
     def _raw_construct(cls: Type[C], **kwargs) -> C:
@@ -112,18 +112,18 @@ class ActionRow(Component):
         The children components that this holds, if any.
     """
 
-    __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = ('children',)
+    __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = ("children",)
 
     __repr_info__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]] = __slots__
 
     def __init__(self, data: ComponentPayload):
-        self.type: ComponentType = try_enum(ComponentType, data['type'])
-        self.children: List[Component] = [_component_factory(d) for d in data.get('components', [])]
+        self.type: ComponentType = try_enum(ComponentType, data["type"])
+        self.children: List[Component] = [_component_factory(d) for d in data.get("components", [])]
 
     def to_dict(self) -> ActionRowPayload:
         return {
-            'type': int(self.type),
-            'components': [child.to_dict() for child in self.children],
+            "type": int(self.type),
+            "components": [child.to_dict() for child in self.children],
         }  # type: ignore
 
 
@@ -132,11 +132,16 @@ class Button(Component):
 
     This inherits from :class:`Component`.
 
+    .. note::
+
+        The user constructible and usable type to create a button is :class:`discord.ui.Button`
+        not this one.
+
     .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
     Attributes
     -----------
-    style: :class:`ComponentButtonStyle`
+    style: :class:`.ButtonStyle`
         The style of the button.
     custom_id: Optional[:class:`str`]
         The ID of the button that gets received during an interaction.
@@ -152,44 +157,44 @@ class Button(Component):
     """
 
     __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = (
-        'style',
-        'custom_id',
-        'url',
-        'disabled',
-        'label',
-        'emoji',
+        "style",
+        "custom_id",
+        "url",
+        "disabled",
+        "label",
+        "emoji",
     )
 
     __repr_info__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]] = __slots__
 
     def __init__(self, data: ButtonComponentPayload):
-        self.type: ComponentType = try_enum(ComponentType, data['type'])
-        self.style: ButtonStyle = try_enum(ButtonStyle, data['style'])
-        self.custom_id: Optional[str] = data.get('custom_id')
-        self.url: Optional[str] = data.get('url')
-        self.disabled: bool = data.get('disabled', False)
-        self.label: Optional[str] = data.get('label')
+        self.type: ComponentType = try_enum(ComponentType, data["type"])
+        self.style: ButtonStyle = try_enum(ButtonStyle, data["style"])
+        self.custom_id: Optional[str] = data.get("custom_id")
+        self.url: Optional[str] = data.get("url")
+        self.disabled: bool = data.get("disabled", False)
+        self.label: Optional[str] = data.get("label")
         self.emoji: Optional[PartialEmoji]
         try:
-            self.emoji = PartialEmoji.from_dict(data['emoji'])
+            self.emoji = PartialEmoji.from_dict(data["emoji"])
         except KeyError:
             self.emoji = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> ButtonComponentPayload:
         payload = {
-            'type': 2,
-            'style': int(self.style),
-            'label': self.label,
-            'disabled': self.disabled,
+            "type": 2,
+            "style": int(self.style),
+            "label": self.label,
+            "disabled": self.disabled,
         }
         if self.custom_id:
-            payload['custom_id'] = self.custom_id
+            payload["custom_id"] = self.custom_id
 
         if self.url:
-            payload['url'] = self.url
+            payload["url"] = self.url
 
         if self.emoji:
-            payload['emoji'] = self.emoji.to_dict()
+            payload["emoji"] = self.emoji.to_dict()
 
         return payload  # type: ignore
 
@@ -200,6 +205,11 @@ class SelectMenu(Component):
     A select menu is functionally the same as a dropdown, however
     on mobile it renders a bit differently.
 
+    .. note::
+
+        The user constructible and usable type to create a select menu is
+        :class:`discord.ui.Select` not this one.
+
     .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
     Attributes
@@ -216,37 +226,42 @@ class SelectMenu(Component):
         Defaults to 1 and must be between 1 and 25.
     options: List[:class:`SelectOption`]
         A list of options that can be selected in this menu.
+    disabled: :class:`bool`
+        Whether the select is disabled or not.
     """
 
     __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = (
-        'custom_id',
-        'placeholder',
-        'min_values',
-        'max_values',
-        'options',
+        "custom_id",
+        "placeholder",
+        "min_values",
+        "max_values",
+        "options",
+        "disabled",
     )
 
     __repr_info__: ClassVar[Tuple[str, ...]] = __slots__
 
     def __init__(self, data: SelectMenuPayload):
         self.type = ComponentType.select
-        self.custom_id: str = data['custom_id']
-        self.placeholder: Optional[str] = data.get('placeholder')
-        self.min_values: int = data.get('min_values', 1)
-        self.max_values: int = data.get('max_values', 1)
-        self.options: List[SelectOption] = [SelectOption.from_dict(option) for option in data.get('options', [])]
+        self.custom_id: str = data["custom_id"]
+        self.placeholder: Optional[str] = data.get("placeholder")
+        self.min_values: int = data.get("min_values", 1)
+        self.max_values: int = data.get("max_values", 1)
+        self.options: List[SelectOption] = [SelectOption.from_dict(option) for option in data.get("options", [])]
+        self.disabled: bool = data.get("disabled", False)
 
     def to_dict(self) -> SelectMenuPayload:
         payload: SelectMenuPayload = {
-            'type': self.type.value,
-            'custom_id': self.custom_id,
-            'min_values': self.min_values,
-            'max_values': self.max_values,
-            'options': [op.to_dict() for op in self.options],
+            "type": self.type.value,
+            "custom_id": self.custom_id,
+            "min_values": self.min_values,
+            "max_values": self.max_values,
+            "options": [op.to_dict() for op in self.options],
+            "disabled": self.disabled,
         }
 
         if self.placeholder:
-            payload['placeholder'] = self.placeholder
+            payload["placeholder"] = self.placeholder
 
         return payload
 
@@ -262,14 +277,14 @@ class SelectOption:
     -----------
     label: :class:`str`
         The label of the option. This is displayed to users.
-        Can only be up to 25 characters.
+        Can only be up to 100 characters.
     value: :class:`str`
         The value of the option. This is not displayed to users.
         If not provided when constructed then it defaults to the
         label. Can only be up to 100 characters.
     description: Optional[:class:`str`]
         An additional description of the option, if any.
-        Can only be up to 50 characters.
+        Can only be up to 100 characters.
     emoji: Optional[Union[:class:`str`, :class:`Emoji`, :class:`PartialEmoji`]]
         The emoji of the option, if available.
     default: :class:`bool`
@@ -277,11 +292,11 @@ class SelectOption:
     """
 
     __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = (
-        'label',
-        'value',
-        'description',
-        'emoji',
-        'default',
+        "label",
+        "value",
+        "description",
+        "emoji",
+        "default",
     )
 
     def __init__(
@@ -303,50 +318,60 @@ class SelectOption:
             elif isinstance(emoji, _EmojiTag):
                 emoji = emoji._to_partial()
             else:
-                raise TypeError(f'expected emoji to be str, Emoji, or PartialEmoji not {emoji.__class__}')
+                raise TypeError(f"expected emoji to be str, Emoji, or PartialEmoji not {emoji.__class__}")
 
         self.emoji = emoji
         self.default = default
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'<SelectOption label={self.label!r} value={self.value!r} description={self.description!r} '
-            f'emoji={self.emoji!r} default={self.default!r}>'
+            f"<SelectOption label={self.label!r} value={self.value!r} description={self.description!r} "
+            f"emoji={self.emoji!r} default={self.default!r}>"
         )
 
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        if self.emoji:
+            base = f"{self.emoji} {self.label}"
+        else:
+            base = self.label
+
+        if self.description:
+            return f"{base}\n{self.description}"
+        return base
+
     @classmethod
     def from_dict(cls, data: SelectOptionPayload) -> SelectOption:
         try:
-            emoji = PartialEmoji.from_dict(data['emoji'])
+            emoji = PartialEmoji.from_dict(data["emoji"])
         except KeyError:
             emoji = None
 
         return cls(
-            label=data['label'],
-            value=data['value'],
-            description=data.get('description'),
+            label=data["label"],
+            value=data["value"],
+            description=data.get("description"),
             emoji=emoji,
-            default=data.get('default', False),
+            default=data.get("default", False),
         )
 
     def to_dict(self) -> SelectOptionPayload:
         payload: SelectOptionPayload = {
-            'label': self.label,
-            'value': self.value,
-            'default': self.default,
+            "label": self.label,
+            "value": self.value,
+            "default": self.default,
         }
 
         if self.emoji:
-            payload['emoji'] = self.emoji.to_dict()  # type: ignore
+            payload["emoji"] = self.emoji.to_dict()  # type: ignore
 
         if self.description:
-            payload['description'] = self.description
+            payload["description"] = self.description
 
         return payload
 
 
 def _component_factory(data: ComponentPayload) -> Component:
-    component_type = data['type']
+    component_type = data["type"]
     if component_type == 1:
         return ActionRow(data)
     elif component_type == 2:

discord/context_managers.py

@@ -22,25 +22,35 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar, Optional, Type
 
-__all__ = (
-    'Typing',
-)
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .abc import Messageable
 
-def _typing_done_callback(fut):
+    from types import TracebackType
+
+    TypingT = TypeVar("TypingT", bound="Typing")
+
+__all__ = ("Typing",)
+
+
+def _typing_done_callback(fut: asyncio.Future) -> None:
     # just retrieve any exception and call it a day
     try:
         fut.exception()
     except (asyncio.CancelledError, Exception):
         pass
 
-class Typing:
-    def __init__(self, messageable):
-        self.loop = messageable._state.loop
-        self.messageable = messageable
 
-    async def do_typing(self):
+class Typing:
+    def __init__(self, messageable: Messageable) -> None:
+        self.loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = messageable._state.loop
+        self.messageable: Messageable = messageable
+
+    async def do_typing(self) -> None:
         try:
             channel = self._channel
         except AttributeError:
@@ -52,18 +62,28 @@ class Typing:
             await typing(channel.id)
             await asyncio.sleep(5)
 
-    def __enter__(self):
-        self.task = asyncio.ensure_future(self.do_typing(), loop=self.loop)
+    def __enter__(self: TypingT) -> TypingT:
+        self.task: asyncio.Task = self.loop.create_task(self.do_typing())
         self.task.add_done_callback(_typing_done_callback)
         return self
 
-    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+    def __exit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_value: Optional[BaseException],
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
         self.task.cancel()
 
-    async def __aenter__(self):
+    async def __aenter__(self: TypingT) -> TypingT:
         self._channel = channel = await self.messageable._get_channel()
         await channel._state.http.send_typing(channel.id)
         return self.__enter__()
 
-    async def __aexit__(self, exc_type, exc, tb):
+    async def __aexit__(
+        self,
+        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
+        exc_value: Optional[BaseException],
+        traceback: Optional[TracebackType],
+    ) -> None:
         self.task.cancel()

discord/embeds.py

@@ -25,14 +25,12 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import datetime
-from typing import Any, Dict, Final, List, Protocol, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Any, Dict, Final, List, Mapping, Protocol, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar, Union
 
 from . import utils
 from .colour import Colour
 
-__all__ = (
-    'Embed',
-)
+__all__ = ("Embed",)
 
 
 class _EmptyEmbed:
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ class _EmptyEmbed:
         return False
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return 'Embed.Empty'
+        return "Embed.Empty"
 
     def __len__(self) -> int:
         return 0
@@ -57,19 +55,19 @@ class EmbedProxy:
         return len(self.__dict__)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        inner = ', '.join((f'{k}={v!r}' for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if not k.startswith('_')))
-        return f'EmbedProxy({inner})'
+        inner = ", ".join((f"{k}={v!r}" for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if not k.startswith("_")))
+        return f"EmbedProxy({inner})"
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> _EmptyEmbed:
         return EmptyEmbed
 
 
-E = TypeVar('E', bound='Embed')
+E = TypeVar("E", bound="Embed")
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from discord.types.embed import Embed as EmbedData, EmbedType
 
-    T = TypeVar('T')
+    T = TypeVar("T")
     MaybeEmpty = Union[T, _EmptyEmbed]
 
     class _EmbedFooterProxy(Protocol):
@@ -157,19 +155,19 @@ class Embed:
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'title',
-        'url',
-        'type',
-        '_timestamp',
-        '_colour',
-        '_footer',
-        '_image',
-        '_thumbnail',
-        '_video',
-        '_provider',
-        '_author',
-        '_fields',
-        'description',
+        "title",
+        "url",
+        "type",
+        "_timestamp",
+        "_colour",
+        "_footer",
+        "_image",
+        "_thumbnail",
+        "_video",
+        "_provider",
+        "_author",
+        "_fields",
+        "description",
     )
 
     Empty: Final = EmptyEmbed
@@ -180,7 +178,7 @@ class Embed:
         colour: Union[int, Colour, _EmptyEmbed] = EmptyEmbed,
         color: Union[int, Colour, _EmptyEmbed] = EmptyEmbed,
         title: MaybeEmpty[Any] = EmptyEmbed,
-        type: EmbedType = 'rich',
+        type: EmbedType = "rich",
         url: MaybeEmpty[Any] = EmptyEmbed,
         description: MaybeEmpty[Any] = EmptyEmbed,
         timestamp: datetime.datetime = None,
@@ -202,12 +200,10 @@ class Embed:
             self.url = str(self.url)
 
         if timestamp:
-            if timestamp.tzinfo is None:
-                timestamp = timestamp.astimezone()
             self.timestamp = timestamp
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_dict(cls: Type[E], data: EmbedData) -> E:
+    def from_dict(cls: Type[E], data: Mapping[str, Any]) -> E:
         """Converts a :class:`dict` to a :class:`Embed` provided it is in the
         format that Discord expects it to be in.
 
@@ -227,10 +223,10 @@ class Embed:
 
         # fill in the basic fields
 
-        self.title = data.get('title', EmptyEmbed)
-        self.type = data.get('type', EmptyEmbed)
-        self.description = data.get('description', EmptyEmbed)
-        self.url = data.get('url', EmptyEmbed)
+        self.title = data.get("title", EmptyEmbed)
+        self.type = data.get("type", EmptyEmbed)
+        self.description = data.get("description", EmptyEmbed)
+        self.url = data.get("url", EmptyEmbed)
 
         if self.title is not EmptyEmbed:
             self.title = str(self.title)
@@ -244,22 +240,22 @@ class Embed:
         # try to fill in the more rich fields
 
         try:
-            self._colour = Colour(value=data['color'])
+            self._colour = Colour(value=data["color"])
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
         try:
-            self._timestamp = utils.parse_time(data['timestamp'])
+            self._timestamp = utils.parse_time(data["timestamp"])
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
-        for attr in ('thumbnail', 'video', 'provider', 'author', 'fields', 'image', 'footer'):
+        for attr in ("thumbnail", "video", "provider", "author", "fields", "image", "footer"):
             try:
                 value = data[attr]
             except KeyError:
                 continue
             else:
-                setattr(self, '_' + attr, value)
+                setattr(self, "_" + attr, value)
 
         return self
 
@@ -269,11 +265,11 @@ class Embed:
 
     def __len__(self) -> int:
         total = len(self.title) + len(self.description)
-        for field in getattr(self, '_fields', []):
-            total += len(field['name']) + len(field['value'])
+        for field in getattr(self, "_fields", []):
+            total += len(field["name"]) + len(field["value"])
 
         try:
-            footer_text = self._footer['text']
+            footer_text = self._footer["text"]
         except (AttributeError, KeyError):
             pass
         else:
@@ -284,7 +280,7 @@ class Embed:
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         else:
-            total += len(author['name'])
+            total += len(author["name"])
 
         return total
 
@@ -308,7 +304,7 @@ class Embed:
 
     @property
     def colour(self) -> MaybeEmpty[Colour]:
-        return getattr(self, '_colour', EmptyEmbed)
+        return getattr(self, "_colour", EmptyEmbed)
 
     @colour.setter
     def colour(self, value: Union[int, Colour, _EmptyEmbed]):  # type: ignore
@@ -317,17 +313,23 @@ class Embed:
         elif isinstance(value, int):
             self._colour = Colour(value=value)
         else:
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected discord.Colour, int, or Embed.Empty but received {value.__class__.__name__} instead.')
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Expected discord.Colour, int, or Embed.Empty but received {value.__class__.__name__} instead."
+            )
 
     color = colour
 
     @property
     def timestamp(self) -> MaybeEmpty[datetime.datetime]:
-        return getattr(self, '_timestamp', EmptyEmbed)
+        return getattr(self, "_timestamp", EmptyEmbed)
 
     @timestamp.setter
     def timestamp(self, value: MaybeEmpty[datetime.datetime]):
-        if isinstance(value, (datetime.datetime, _EmptyEmbed)):
+        if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
+            if value.tzinfo is None:
+                value = value.astimezone()
+            self._timestamp = value
+        elif isinstance(value, _EmptyEmbed):
             self._timestamp = value
         else:
             raise TypeError(f"Expected datetime.datetime or Embed.Empty received {value.__class__.__name__} instead")
@@ -340,7 +342,7 @@ class Embed:
 
         If the attribute has no value then :attr:`Empty` is returned.
         """
-        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, '_footer', {}))  # type: ignore
+        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, "_footer", {}))  # type: ignore
 
     def set_footer(self: E, *, text: MaybeEmpty[Any] = EmptyEmbed, icon_url: MaybeEmpty[Any] = EmptyEmbed) -> E:
         """Sets the footer for the embed content.
@@ -358,13 +360,13 @@ class Embed:
 
         self._footer = {}
         if text is not EmptyEmbed:
-            self._footer['text'] = str(text)
+            self._footer["text"] = str(text)
 
         if icon_url is not EmptyEmbed:
-            self._footer['icon_url'] = str(icon_url)
+            self._footer["icon_url"] = str(icon_url)
 
         return self
-    
+
     def remove_footer(self: E) -> E:
         """Clears embed's footer information.
 
@@ -379,7 +381,7 @@ class Embed:
             pass
 
         return self
-    
+
     @property
     def image(self) -> _EmbedMediaProxy:
         """Returns an ``EmbedProxy`` denoting the image contents.
@@ -393,7 +395,21 @@ class Embed:
 
         If the attribute has no value then :attr:`Empty` is returned.
         """
-        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, '_image', {}))  # type: ignore
+        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, "_image", {}))  # type: ignore
+
+    @image.setter
+    def image(self, url: Any):
+        if url is EmptyEmbed:
+            del self.image
+        else:
+            self._image = {"url": str(url)}
+
+    @image.deleter
+    def image(self):
+        try:
+            del self._image
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
 
     def set_image(self: E, *, url: MaybeEmpty[Any]) -> E:
         """Sets the image for the embed content.
@@ -410,16 +426,7 @@ class Embed:
             The source URL for the image. Only HTTP(S) is supported.
         """
 
-        if url is EmptyEmbed:
-            try:
-                del self._image
-            except AttributeError:
-                pass
-        else:
-            self._image = {
-                'url': str(url),
-            }
-
+        self.image = url
         return self
 
     @property
@@ -435,9 +442,23 @@ class Embed:
 
         If the attribute has no value then :attr:`Empty` is returned.
         """
-        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, '_thumbnail', {}))  # type: ignore
+        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, "_thumbnail", {}))  # type: ignore
 
-    def set_thumbnail(self: E, *, url: MaybeEmpty[Any]) -> E:
+    @thumbnail.setter
+    def thumbnail(self, url: Any):
+        if url is EmptyEmbed:
+            del self.thumbnail
+        else:
+            self._thumbnail = {"url": str(url)}
+
+    @thumbnail.deleter
+    def thumbnail(self):
+        try:
+            del self._thumbnail
+        except AttributeError:
+            pass
+
+    def set_thumbnail(self, *, url: MaybeEmpty[Any]):
         """Sets the thumbnail for the embed content.
 
         This function returns the class instance to allow for fluent-style
@@ -452,16 +473,7 @@ class Embed:
             The source URL for the thumbnail. Only HTTP(S) is supported.
         """
 
-        if url is EmptyEmbed:
-            try:
-                del self._thumbnail
-            except AttributeError:
-                pass
-        else:
-            self._thumbnail = {
-                'url': str(url),
-            }
-
+        self.thumbnail = url
         return self
 
     @property
@@ -476,7 +488,7 @@ class Embed:
 
         If the attribute has no value then :attr:`Empty` is returned.
         """
-        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, '_video', {}))  # type: ignore
+        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, "_video", {}))  # type: ignore
 
     @property
     def provider(self) -> _EmbedProviderProxy:
@@ -486,7 +498,7 @@ class Embed:
 
         If the attribute has no value then :attr:`Empty` is returned.
         """
-        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, '_provider', {}))  # type: ignore
+        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, "_provider", {}))  # type: ignore
 
     @property
     def author(self) -> _EmbedAuthorProxy:
@@ -496,9 +508,11 @@ class Embed:
 
         If the attribute has no value then :attr:`Empty` is returned.
         """
-        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, '_author', {}))  # type: ignore
+        return EmbedProxy(getattr(self, "_author", {}))  # type: ignore
 
-    def set_author(self: E, *, name: Any, url: MaybeEmpty[Any] = EmptyEmbed, icon_url: MaybeEmpty[Any] = EmptyEmbed) -> E:
+    def set_author(
+        self: E, *, name: Any, url: MaybeEmpty[Any] = EmptyEmbed, icon_url: MaybeEmpty[Any] = EmptyEmbed
+    ) -> E:
         """Sets the author for the embed content.
 
         This function returns the class instance to allow for fluent-style
@@ -515,14 +529,14 @@ class Embed:
         """
 
         self._author = {
-            'name': str(name),
+            "name": str(name),
         }
 
         if url is not EmptyEmbed:
-            self._author['url'] = str(url)
+            self._author["url"] = str(url)
 
         if icon_url is not EmptyEmbed:
-            self._author['icon_url'] = str(icon_url)
+            self._author["icon_url"] = str(icon_url)
 
         return self
 
@@ -549,7 +563,7 @@ class Embed:
 
         If the attribute has no value then :attr:`Empty` is returned.
         """
-        return [EmbedProxy(d) for d in getattr(self, '_fields', [])]  # type: ignore
+        return [EmbedProxy(d) for d in getattr(self, "_fields", [])]  # type: ignore
 
     def add_field(self: E, *, name: Any, value: Any, inline: bool = True) -> E:
         """Adds a field to the embed object.
@@ -568,9 +582,9 @@ class Embed:
         """
 
         field = {
-            'inline': inline,
-            'name': str(name),
-            'value': str(value),
+            "inline": inline,
+            "name": str(name),
+            "value": str(value),
         }
 
         try:
@@ -601,9 +615,9 @@ class Embed:
         """
 
         field = {
-            'inline': inline,
-            'name': str(name),
-            'value': str(value),
+            "inline": inline,
+            "name": str(name),
+            "value": str(value),
         }
 
         try:
@@ -669,11 +683,11 @@ class Embed:
         try:
             field = self._fields[index]
         except (TypeError, IndexError, AttributeError):
-            raise IndexError('field index out of range')
+            raise IndexError("field index out of range")
 
-        field['name'] = str(name)
-        field['value'] = str(value)
-        field['inline'] = inline
+        field["name"] = str(name)
+        field["value"] = str(value)
+        field["inline"] = inline
         return self
 
     def to_dict(self) -> EmbedData:
@@ -691,35 +705,35 @@ class Embed:
         # deal with basic convenience wrappers
 
         try:
-            colour = result.pop('colour')
+            colour = result.pop("colour")
         except KeyError:
             pass
         else:
             if colour:
-                result['color'] = colour.value
+                result["color"] = colour.value
 
         try:
-            timestamp = result.pop('timestamp')
+            timestamp = result.pop("timestamp")
         except KeyError:
             pass
         else:
             if timestamp:
                 if timestamp.tzinfo:
-                    result['timestamp'] = timestamp.astimezone(tz=datetime.timezone.utc).isoformat()
+                    result["timestamp"] = timestamp.astimezone(tz=datetime.timezone.utc).isoformat()
                 else:
-                    result['timestamp'] = timestamp.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc).isoformat()
+                    result["timestamp"] = timestamp.replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc).isoformat()
 
         # add in the non raw attribute ones
         if self.type:
-            result['type'] = self.type
+            result["type"] = self.type
 
         if self.description:
-            result['description'] = self.description
+            result["description"] = self.description
 
         if self.url:
-            result['url'] = self.url
+            result["url"] = self.url
 
         if self.title:
-            result['title'] = self.title
+            result["title"] = self.title
 
         return result  # type: ignore

discord/emoji.py

@@ -30,9 +30,7 @@ from .utils import SnowflakeList, snowflake_time, MISSING
 from .partial_emoji import _EmojiTag, PartialEmoji
 from .user import User
 
-__all__ = (
-    'Emoji',
-)
+__all__ = ("Emoji",)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .types.emoji import Emoji as EmojiPayload
@@ -72,6 +70,10 @@ class Emoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
 
             Returns the emoji rendered for discord.
 
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the emoji ID.
+
     Attributes
     -----------
     name: :class:`str`
@@ -94,16 +96,16 @@ class Emoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
     """
 
     __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = (
-        'require_colons',
-        'animated',
-        'managed',
-        'id',
-        'name',
-        '_roles',
-        'guild_id',
-        '_state',
-        'user',
-        'available',
+        "require_colons",
+        "animated",
+        "managed",
+        "id",
+        "name",
+        "_roles",
+        "guild_id",
+        "_state",
+        "user",
+        "available",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, *, guild: Guild, state: ConnectionState, data: EmojiPayload):
@@ -112,14 +114,14 @@ class Emoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
         self._from_data(data)
 
     def _from_data(self, emoji: EmojiPayload):
-        self.require_colons: bool = emoji.get('require_colons', False)
-        self.managed: bool = emoji.get('managed', False)
-        self.id: int = int(emoji['id'])  # type: ignore
-        self.name: str = emoji['name']  # type: ignore
-        self.animated: bool = emoji.get('animated', False)
-        self.available: bool = emoji.get('available', True)
-        self._roles: SnowflakeList = SnowflakeList(map(int, emoji.get('roles', [])))
-        user = emoji.get('user')
+        self.require_colons: bool = emoji.get("require_colons", False)
+        self.managed: bool = emoji.get("managed", False)
+        self.id: int = int(emoji["id"])  # type: ignore
+        self.name: str = emoji["name"]  # type: ignore
+        self.animated: bool = emoji.get("animated", False)
+        self.available: bool = emoji.get("available", True)
+        self._roles: SnowflakeList = SnowflakeList(map(int, emoji.get("roles", [])))
+        user = emoji.get("user")
         self.user: Optional[User] = User(state=self._state, data=user) if user else None
 
     def _to_partial(self) -> PartialEmoji:
@@ -127,18 +129,21 @@ class Emoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
 
     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Any]]:
         for attr in self.__slots__:
-            if attr[0] != '_':
+            if attr[0] != "_":
                 value = getattr(self, attr, None)
                 if value is not None:
                     yield (attr, value)
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         if self.animated:
-            return f'<a:{self.name}:{self.id}>'
-        return f'<:{self.name}:{self.id}>'
+            return f"<a:{self.name}:{self.id}>"
+        return f"<:{self.name}:{self.id}>"
+
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
+        return self.id
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<Emoji id={self.id} name={self.name!r} animated={self.animated} managed={self.managed}>'
+        return f"<Emoji id={self.id} name={self.name!r} animated={self.animated} managed={self.managed}>"
 
     def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return isinstance(other, _EmojiTag) and self.id == other.id
@@ -157,8 +162,8 @@ class Emoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
     @property
     def url(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: Returns the URL of the emoji."""
-        fmt = 'gif' if self.animated else 'png'
-        return f'{Asset.BASE}/emojis/{self.id}.{fmt}'
+        fmt = "gif" if self.animated else "png"
+        return f"{Asset.BASE}/emojis/{self.id}.{fmt}"
 
     @property
     def roles(self) -> List[Role]:
@@ -212,7 +217,9 @@ class Emoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
 
         await self._state.http.delete_custom_emoji(self.guild.id, self.id, reason=reason)
 
-    async def edit(self, *, name: str = MISSING, roles: List[Snowflake] = MISSING, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    async def edit(
+        self, *, name: str = MISSING, roles: List[Snowflake] = MISSING, reason: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> Emoji:
         r"""|coro|
 
         Edits the custom emoji.
@@ -220,6 +227,9 @@ class Emoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
         You must have :attr:`~Permissions.manage_emojis` permission to
         do this.
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The newly updated emoji is returned.
+
         Parameters
         -----------
         name: :class:`str`
@@ -235,12 +245,18 @@ class Emoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
             You are not allowed to edit emojis.
         HTTPException
             An error occurred editing the emoji.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Emoji`
+            The newly updated emoji.
         """
 
         payload = {}
         if name is not MISSING:
-            payload['name'] = name
+            payload["name"] = name
         if roles is not MISSING:
-            payload['roles'] = [role.id for role in roles]
+            payload["roles"] = [role.id for role in roles]
 
-        await self._state.http.edit_custom_emoji(self.guild.id, self.id, payload=payload, reason=reason)
+        data = await self._state.http.edit_custom_emoji(self.guild.id, self.id, payload=payload, reason=reason)
+        return Emoji(guild=self.guild, data=data, state=self._state)

discord/enums.py

@@ -24,57 +24,72 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
 import types
 from collections import namedtuple
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, ClassVar, Dict, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Enum',
-    'ChannelType',
-    'MessageType',
-    'VoiceRegion',
-    'SpeakingState',
-    'VerificationLevel',
-    'ContentFilter',
-    'Status',
-    'DefaultAvatar',
-    'AuditLogAction',
-    'AuditLogActionCategory',
-    'UserFlags',
-    'ActivityType',
-    'NotificationLevel',
-    'TeamMembershipState',
-    'WebhookType',
-    'ExpireBehaviour',
-    'ExpireBehavior',
-    'StickerType',
-    'InviteTarget',
-    'VideoQualityMode',
-    'ComponentType',
-    'ButtonStyle',
-    'StagePrivacyLevel',
-    'InteractionType',
-    'InteractionResponseType',
-    'NSFWLevel',
+    "Enum",
+    "ChannelType",
+    "MessageType",
+    "VoiceRegion",
+    "SpeakingState",
+    "VerificationLevel",
+    "ContentFilter",
+    "Status",
+    "DefaultAvatar",
+    "AuditLogAction",
+    "AuditLogActionCategory",
+    "UserFlags",
+    "ActivityType",
+    "NotificationLevel",
+    "TeamMembershipState",
+    "WebhookType",
+    "ExpireBehaviour",
+    "ExpireBehavior",
+    "StickerType",
+    "StickerFormatType",
+    "InviteTarget",
+    "VideoQualityMode",
+    "ComponentType",
+    "ButtonStyle",
+    "StagePrivacyLevel",
+    "InteractionType",
+    "InteractionResponseType",
+    "NSFWLevel",
 )
 
-def _create_value_cls(name):
-    cls = namedtuple('_EnumValue_' + name, 'name value')
-    cls.__repr__ = lambda self: f'<{name}.{self.name}: {self.value!r}>'
-    cls.__str__ = lambda self: f'{name}.{self.name}'
+
+def _create_value_cls(name, comparable):
+    cls = namedtuple("_EnumValue_" + name, "name value")
+    cls.__repr__ = lambda self: f"<{name}.{self.name}: {self.value!r}>"
+    cls.__str__ = lambda self: f"{name}.{self.name}"
+    if comparable:
+        cls.__le__ = lambda self, other: isinstance(other, self.__class__) and self.value <= other.value
+        cls.__ge__ = lambda self, other: isinstance(other, self.__class__) and self.value >= other.value
+        cls.__lt__ = lambda self, other: isinstance(other, self.__class__) and self.value < other.value
+        cls.__gt__ = lambda self, other: isinstance(other, self.__class__) and self.value > other.value
     return cls
 
+
 def _is_descriptor(obj):
-    return hasattr(obj, '__get__') or hasattr(obj, '__set__') or hasattr(obj, '__delete__')
+    return hasattr(obj, "__get__") or hasattr(obj, "__set__") or hasattr(obj, "__delete__")
+
 
 class EnumMeta(type):
-    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        __name__: ClassVar[str]
+        _enum_member_names_: ClassVar[List[str]]
+        _enum_member_map_: ClassVar[Dict[str, Any]]
+        _enum_value_map_: ClassVar[Dict[Any, Any]]
+
+    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, *, comparable: bool = False):
         value_mapping = {}
         member_mapping = {}
         member_names = []
 
-        value_cls = _create_value_cls(name)
+        value_cls = _create_value_cls(name, comparable)
         for key, value in list(attrs.items()):
             is_descriptor = _is_descriptor(value)
-            if key[0] == '_' and not is_descriptor:
+            if key[0] == "_" and not is_descriptor:
                 continue
 
             # Special case classmethod to just pass through
@@ -96,12 +111,12 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
             member_mapping[key] = new_value
             attrs[key] = new_value
 
-        attrs['_enum_value_map_'] = value_mapping
-        attrs['_enum_member_map_'] = member_mapping
-        attrs['_enum_member_names_'] = member_names
-        attrs['_enum_value_cls_'] = value_cls
+        attrs["_enum_value_map_"] = value_mapping
+        attrs["_enum_member_map_"] = member_mapping
+        attrs["_enum_member_names_"] = member_names
+        attrs["_enum_value_cls_"] = value_cls
         actual_cls = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
-        value_cls._actual_enum_cls_ = actual_cls
+        value_cls._actual_enum_cls_ = actual_cls  # type: ignore
         return actual_cls
 
     def __iter__(cls):
@@ -114,7 +129,7 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         return len(cls._enum_member_names_)
 
     def __repr__(cls):
-        return f'<enum {cls.__name__}>'
+        return f"<enum {cls.__name__}>"
 
     @property
     def __members__(cls):
@@ -130,10 +145,10 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         return cls._enum_member_map_[key]
 
     def __setattr__(cls, name, value):
-        raise TypeError('Enums are immutable.')
+        raise TypeError("Enums are immutable.")
 
     def __delattr__(cls, attr):
-        raise TypeError('Enums are immutable')
+        raise TypeError("Enums are immutable")
 
     def __instancecheck__(self, instance):
         # isinstance(x, Y)
@@ -143,9 +158,11 @@ class EnumMeta(type):
         except AttributeError:
             return False
 
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from enum import Enum
 else:
+
     class Enum(metaclass=EnumMeta):
         @classmethod
         def try_value(cls, value):
@@ -154,80 +171,84 @@ else:
             except (KeyError, TypeError):
                 return value
 
+
 class ChannelType(Enum):
-    text           = 0
-    private        = 1
-    voice          = 2
-    group          = 3
-    category       = 4
-    news           = 5
-    store          = 6
-    news_thread    = 10
-    public_thread  = 11
+    text = 0
+    private = 1
+    voice = 2
+    group = 3
+    category = 4
+    news = 5
+    store = 6
+    news_thread = 10
+    public_thread = 11
     private_thread = 12
-    stage_voice    = 13
+    stage_voice = 13
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
 
+
 class MessageType(Enum):
-    default                                      = 0
-    recipient_add                                = 1
-    recipient_remove                             = 2
-    call                                         = 3
-    channel_name_change                          = 4
-    channel_icon_change                          = 5
-    pins_add                                     = 6
-    new_member                                   = 7
-    premium_guild_subscription                   = 8
-    premium_guild_tier_1                         = 9
-    premium_guild_tier_2                         = 10
-    premium_guild_tier_3                         = 11
-    channel_follow_add                           = 12
-    guild_stream                                 = 13
-    guild_discovery_disqualified                 = 14
-    guild_discovery_requalified                  = 15
+    default = 0
+    recipient_add = 1
+    recipient_remove = 2
+    call = 3
+    channel_name_change = 4
+    channel_icon_change = 5
+    pins_add = 6
+    new_member = 7
+    premium_guild_subscription = 8
+    premium_guild_tier_1 = 9
+    premium_guild_tier_2 = 10
+    premium_guild_tier_3 = 11
+    channel_follow_add = 12
+    guild_stream = 13
+    guild_discovery_disqualified = 14
+    guild_discovery_requalified = 15
     guild_discovery_grace_period_initial_warning = 16
-    guild_discovery_grace_period_final_warning   = 17
-    thread_created                               = 18
-    reply                                        = 19
-    application_command                          = 20
-    thread_starter_message                       = 21
-    guild_invite_reminder                        = 22
+    guild_discovery_grace_period_final_warning = 17
+    thread_created = 18
+    reply = 19
+    application_command = 20
+    thread_starter_message = 21
+    guild_invite_reminder = 22
+
 
 class VoiceRegion(Enum):
-    us_west       = 'us-west'
-    us_east       = 'us-east'
-    us_south      = 'us-south'
-    us_central    = 'us-central'
-    eu_west       = 'eu-west'
-    eu_central    = 'eu-central'
-    singapore     = 'singapore'
-    london        = 'london'
-    sydney        = 'sydney'
-    amsterdam     = 'amsterdam'
-    frankfurt     = 'frankfurt'
-    brazil        = 'brazil'
-    hongkong      = 'hongkong'
-    russia        = 'russia'
-    japan         = 'japan'
-    southafrica   = 'southafrica'
-    south_korea   = 'south-korea'
-    india         = 'india'
-    europe        = 'europe'
-    dubai         = 'dubai'
-    vip_us_east   = 'vip-us-east'
-    vip_us_west   = 'vip-us-west'
-    vip_amsterdam = 'vip-amsterdam'
+    us_west = "us-west"
+    us_east = "us-east"
+    us_south = "us-south"
+    us_central = "us-central"
+    eu_west = "eu-west"
+    eu_central = "eu-central"
+    singapore = "singapore"
+    london = "london"
+    sydney = "sydney"
+    amsterdam = "amsterdam"
+    frankfurt = "frankfurt"
+    brazil = "brazil"
+    hongkong = "hongkong"
+    russia = "russia"
+    japan = "japan"
+    southafrica = "southafrica"
+    south_korea = "south-korea"
+    india = "india"
+    europe = "europe"
+    dubai = "dubai"
+    vip_us_east = "vip-us-east"
+    vip_us_west = "vip-us-west"
+    vip_amsterdam = "vip-amsterdam"
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.value
 
+
 class SpeakingState(Enum):
-    none       = 0
-    voice      = 1
+    none = 0
+    voice = 1
     soundshare = 2
-    priority   = 4
+    priority = 4
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
@@ -235,56 +256,64 @@ class SpeakingState(Enum):
     def __int__(self):
         return self.value
 
-class VerificationLevel(Enum):
-    none    = 0
-    low     = 1
-    medium  = 2
-    high    = 3
+
+class VerificationLevel(Enum, comparable=True):
+    none = 0
+    low = 1
+    medium = 2
+    high = 3
     highest = 4
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
 
-class ContentFilter(Enum):
-    disabled    = 0
-    no_role     = 1
+
+class ContentFilter(Enum, comparable=True):
+    disabled = 0
+    no_role = 1
     all_members = 2
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
 
+
 class Status(Enum):
-    online = 'online'
-    offline = 'offline'
-    idle = 'idle'
-    dnd = 'dnd'
-    do_not_disturb = 'dnd'
-    invisible = 'invisible'
+    online = "online"
+    offline = "offline"
+    idle = "idle"
+    dnd = "dnd"
+    do_not_disturb = "dnd"
+    invisible = "invisible"
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.value
 
+
 class DefaultAvatar(Enum):
     blurple = 0
-    grey    = 1
-    gray    = 1
-    green   = 2
-    orange  = 3
-    red     = 4
+    grey = 1
+    gray = 1
+    green = 2
+    orange = 3
+    red = 4
 
     def __str__(self):
         return self.name
 
-class NotificationLevel(Enum):
-    all_messages  = 0
+
+class NotificationLevel(Enum, comparable=True):
+    all_messages = 0
     only_mentions = 1
 
+
 class AuditLogActionCategory(Enum):
     create = 1
     delete = 2
     update = 3
 
+
 class AuditLogAction(Enum):
+    # fmt: off
     guild_update             = 1
     channel_create           = 10
     channel_update           = 11
@@ -323,9 +352,17 @@ class AuditLogAction(Enum):
     stage_instance_create    = 83
     stage_instance_update    = 84
     stage_instance_delete    = 85
+    sticker_create           = 90
+    sticker_update           = 91
+    sticker_delete           = 92
+    thread_create            = 110
+    thread_update            = 111
+    thread_delete            = 112
+    # fmt: on
 
     @property
     def category(self) -> Optional[AuditLogActionCategory]:
+        # fmt: off
         lookup: Dict[AuditLogAction, Optional[AuditLogActionCategory]] = {
             AuditLogAction.guild_update:          AuditLogActionCategory.update,
             AuditLogAction.channel_create:        AuditLogActionCategory.create,
@@ -365,36 +402,48 @@ class AuditLogAction(Enum):
             AuditLogAction.stage_instance_create: AuditLogActionCategory.create,
             AuditLogAction.stage_instance_update: AuditLogActionCategory.update,
             AuditLogAction.stage_instance_delete: AuditLogActionCategory.delete,
+            AuditLogAction.sticker_create:        AuditLogActionCategory.create,
+            AuditLogAction.sticker_update:        AuditLogActionCategory.update,
+            AuditLogAction.sticker_delete:        AuditLogActionCategory.delete,
+            AuditLogAction.thread_create:         AuditLogActionCategory.create,
+            AuditLogAction.thread_update:         AuditLogActionCategory.update,
+            AuditLogAction.thread_delete:         AuditLogActionCategory.delete,
         }
+        # fmt: on
         return lookup[self]
 
     @property
     def target_type(self) -> Optional[str]:
         v = self.value
         if v == -1:
-            return 'all'
+            return "all"
         elif v < 10:
-            return 'guild'
+            return "guild"
         elif v < 20:
-            return 'channel'
+            return "channel"
         elif v < 30:
-            return 'user'
+            return "user"
         elif v < 40:
-            return 'role'
+            return "role"
         elif v < 50:
-            return 'invite'
+            return "invite"
         elif v < 60:
-            return 'webhook'
+            return "webhook"
         elif v < 70:
-            return 'emoji'
+            return "emoji"
         elif v == 73:
-            return 'channel'
+            return "channel"
         elif v < 80:
-            return 'message'
+            return "message"
         elif v < 83:
-            return 'integration'
+            return "integration"
         elif v < 90:
-            return 'stage_instance'
+            return "stage_instance"
+        elif v < 93:
+            return "sticker"
+        elif v < 113:
+            return "thread"
+
 
 class UserFlags(Enum):
     staff = 1
@@ -415,6 +464,7 @@ class UserFlags(Enum):
     verified_bot_developer = 131072
     discord_certified_moderator = 262144
 
+
 class ActivityType(Enum):
     unknown = -1
     playing = 0
@@ -427,36 +477,60 @@ class ActivityType(Enum):
     def __int__(self):
         return self.value
 
+
 class TeamMembershipState(Enum):
     invited = 1
     accepted = 2
 
+
 class WebhookType(Enum):
     incoming = 1
     channel_follower = 2
     application = 3
 
+
 class ExpireBehaviour(Enum):
     remove_role = 0
     kick = 1
 
+
 ExpireBehavior = ExpireBehaviour
 
+
 class StickerType(Enum):
+    standard = 1
+    guild = 2
+
+
+class StickerFormatType(Enum):
     png = 1
     apng = 2
     lottie = 3
 
+    @property
+    def file_extension(self) -> str:
+        # fmt: off
+        lookup: Dict[StickerFormatType, str] = {
+            StickerFormatType.png: 'png',
+            StickerFormatType.apng: 'png',
+            StickerFormatType.lottie: 'json',
+        }
+        # fmt: on
+        return lookup[self]
+
+
 class InviteTarget(Enum):
     unknown = 0
     stream = 1
     embedded_application = 2
 
+
 class InteractionType(Enum):
     ping = 1
     application_command = 2
     component = 3
 
+
 class InteractionResponseType(Enum):
     pong = 1
     # ack = 2 (deprecated)
@@ -464,7 +538,8 @@ class InteractionResponseType(Enum):
     channel_message = 4  # (with source)
     deferred_channel_message = 5  # (with source)
     deferred_message_update = 6  # for components
-    message_update = 7 # for components
+    message_update = 7  # for components
+
 
 class VideoQualityMode(Enum):
     auto = 1
@@ -473,6 +548,7 @@ class VideoQualityMode(Enum):
     def __int__(self):
         return self.value
 
+
 class ComponentType(Enum):
     action_row = 1
     button = 2
@@ -481,6 +557,7 @@ class ComponentType(Enum):
     def __int__(self):
         return self.value
 
+
 class ButtonStyle(Enum):
     primary = 1
     secondary = 2
@@ -491,30 +568,37 @@ class ButtonStyle(Enum):
     # Aliases
     blurple = 1
     grey = 2
+    gray = 2
     green = 3
     red = 4
+    url = 5
 
     def __int__(self):
         return self.value
 
+
 class StagePrivacyLevel(Enum):
     public = 1
     closed = 2
     guild_only = 2
 
-class NSFWLevel(Enum):
+
+class NSFWLevel(Enum, comparable=True):
     default = 0
     explicit = 1
     safe = 2
     age_restricted = 3
 
-T = TypeVar('T')
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
 
 def create_unknown_value(cls: Type[T], val: Any) -> T:
-    value_cls = cls._enum_value_cls_ # type: ignore
-    name = f'unknown_{val}'
+    value_cls = cls._enum_value_cls_  # type: ignore
+    name = f"unknown_{val}"
     return value_cls(name=name, value=val)
 
+
 def try_enum(cls: Type[T], val: Any) -> T:
     """A function that tries to turn the value into enum ``cls``.
 
@@ -522,6 +606,6 @@ def try_enum(cls: Type[T], val: Any) -> T:
     """
 
     try:
-        return cls._enum_value_map_[val] # type: ignore
+        return cls._enum_value_map_[val]  # type: ignore
     except (KeyError, TypeError, AttributeError):
         return create_unknown_value(cls, val)

discord/errors.py

@@ -22,67 +22,91 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Tuple, Union
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from aiohttp import ClientResponse, ClientWebSocketResponse
+
+    try:
+        from requests import Response
+
+        _ResponseType = Union[ClientResponse, Response]
+    except ModuleNotFoundError:
+        _ResponseType = ClientResponse
+
+    from .interactions import Interaction
+
 __all__ = (
-    'DiscordException',
-    'ClientException',
-    'NoMoreItems',
-    'GatewayNotFound',
-    'HTTPException',
-    'Forbidden',
-    'NotFound',
-    'DiscordServerError',
-    'InvalidData',
-    'InvalidArgument',
-    'LoginFailure',
-    'ConnectionClosed',
-    'PrivilegedIntentsRequired',
+    "DiscordException",
+    "ClientException",
+    "NoMoreItems",
+    "GatewayNotFound",
+    "HTTPException",
+    "Forbidden",
+    "NotFound",
+    "DiscordServerError",
+    "InvalidData",
+    "InvalidArgument",
+    "LoginFailure",
+    "ConnectionClosed",
+    "PrivilegedIntentsRequired",
+    "InteractionResponded",
 )
 
+
 class DiscordException(Exception):
     """Base exception class for discord.py
 
-    Ideally speaking, this could be caught to handle any exceptions thrown from this library.
+    Ideally speaking, this could be caught to handle any exceptions raised from this library.
     """
+
     pass
 
+
 class ClientException(DiscordException):
-    """Exception that's thrown when an operation in the :class:`Client` fails.
+    """Exception that's raised when an operation in the :class:`Client` fails.
 
     These are usually for exceptions that happened due to user input.
     """
+
     pass
 
+
 class NoMoreItems(DiscordException):
-    """Exception that is thrown when an async iteration operation has no more
-    items."""
+    """Exception that is raised when an async iteration operation has no more items."""
+
     pass
 
+
 class GatewayNotFound(DiscordException):
-    """An exception that is usually thrown when the gateway hub
-    for the :class:`Client` websocket is not found."""
+    """An exception that is raised when the gateway for Discord could not be found"""
+
     def __init__(self):
-        message = 'The gateway to connect to discord was not found.'
+        message = "The gateway to connect to discord was not found."
         super().__init__(message)
 
-def flatten_error_dict(d, key=''):
-    items = []
+
+def _flatten_error_dict(d: Dict[str, Any], key: str = "") -> Dict[str, str]:
+    items: List[Tuple[str, str]] = []
     for k, v in d.items():
-        new_key = key + '.' + k if key else k
+        new_key = key + "." + k if key else k
 
         if isinstance(v, dict):
             try:
-                _errors = v['_errors']
+                _errors: List[Dict[str, Any]] = v["_errors"]
             except KeyError:
-                items.extend(flatten_error_dict(v, new_key).items())
+                items.extend(_flatten_error_dict(v, new_key).items())
             else:
-                items.append((new_key, ' '.join(x.get('message', '') for x in _errors)))
+                items.append((new_key, " ".join(x.get("message", "") for x in _errors)))
         else:
             items.append((new_key, v))
 
     return dict(items)
 
+
 class HTTPException(DiscordException):
-    """Exception that's thrown when an HTTP request operation fails.
+    """Exception that's raised when an HTTP request operation fails.
 
     Attributes
     ------------
@@ -99,77 +123,92 @@ class HTTPException(DiscordException):
         The Discord specific error code for the failure.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, response, message):
-        self.response = response
-        self.status = response.status
+    def __init__(self, response: _ResponseType, message: Optional[Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]]):
+        self.response: _ResponseType = response
+        self.status: int = response.status  # type: ignore
+        self.code: int
+        self.text: str
         if isinstance(message, dict):
-            self.code = message.get('code', 0)
-            base = message.get('message', '')
-            errors = message.get('errors')
+            self.code = message.get("code", 0)
+            base = message.get("message", "")
+            errors = message.get("errors")
             if errors:
-                errors = flatten_error_dict(errors)
-                helpful = '\n'.join('In %s: %s' % t for t in errors.items())
-                self.text = base + '\n' + helpful
+                errors = _flatten_error_dict(errors)
+                helpful = "\n".join("In %s: %s" % t for t in errors.items())
+                self.text = base + "\n" + helpful
             else:
                 self.text = base
         else:
-            self.text = message
+            self.text = message or ""
             self.code = 0
 
-        fmt = '{0.status} {0.reason} (error code: {1})'
+        fmt = "{0.status} {0.reason} (error code: {1})"
         if len(self.text):
-            fmt += ': {2}'
+            fmt += ": {2}"
 
         super().__init__(fmt.format(self.response, self.code, self.text))
 
+
 class Forbidden(HTTPException):
-    """Exception that's thrown for when status code 403 occurs.
+    """Exception that's raised for when status code 403 occurs.
 
     Subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`
     """
+
     pass
 
+
 class NotFound(HTTPException):
-    """Exception that's thrown for when status code 404 occurs.
+    """Exception that's raised for when status code 404 occurs.
 
     Subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`
     """
+
     pass
 
+
 class DiscordServerError(HTTPException):
-    """Exception that's thrown for when a 500 range status code occurs.
+    """Exception that's raised for when a 500 range status code occurs.
 
     Subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.
 
     .. versionadded:: 1.5
     """
+
     pass
 
+
 class InvalidData(ClientException):
     """Exception that's raised when the library encounters unknown
     or invalid data from Discord.
     """
+
     pass
 
+
 class InvalidArgument(ClientException):
-    """Exception that's thrown when an argument to a function
+    """Exception that's raised when an argument to a function
     is invalid some way (e.g. wrong value or wrong type).
 
     This could be considered the analogous of ``ValueError`` and
     ``TypeError`` except inherited from :exc:`ClientException` and thus
     :exc:`DiscordException`.
     """
+
     pass
 
+
 class LoginFailure(ClientException):
-    """Exception that's thrown when the :meth:`Client.login` function
+    """Exception that's raised when the :meth:`Client.login` function
     fails to log you in from improper credentials or some other misc.
     failure.
     """
+
     pass
 
+
 class ConnectionClosed(ClientException):
-    """Exception that's thrown when the gateway connection is
+    """Exception that's raised when the gateway connection is
     closed for reasons that could not be handled internally.
 
     Attributes
@@ -181,17 +220,19 @@ class ConnectionClosed(ClientException):
     shard_id: Optional[:class:`int`]
         The shard ID that got closed if applicable.
     """
-    def __init__(self, socket, *, shard_id, code=None):
+
+    def __init__(self, socket: ClientWebSocketResponse, *, shard_id: Optional[int], code: Optional[int] = None):
         # This exception is just the same exception except
         # reconfigured to subclass ClientException for users
-        self.code = code or socket.close_code
+        self.code: int = code or socket.close_code or -1
         # aiohttp doesn't seem to consistently provide close reason
-        self.reason = ''
-        self.shard_id = shard_id
-        super().__init__(f'Shard ID {self.shard_id} WebSocket closed with {self.code}')
+        self.reason: str = ""
+        self.shard_id: Optional[int] = shard_id
+        super().__init__(f"Shard ID {self.shard_id} WebSocket closed with {self.code}")
+
 
 class PrivilegedIntentsRequired(ClientException):
-    """Exception that's thrown when the gateway is requesting privileged intents
+    """Exception that's raised when the gateway is requesting privileged intents
     but they're not ticked in the developer page yet.
 
     Go to https://discord.com/developers/applications/ and enable the intents
@@ -206,10 +247,31 @@ class PrivilegedIntentsRequired(ClientException):
         The shard ID that got closed if applicable.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, shard_id):
-        self.shard_id = shard_id
-        msg = 'Shard ID %s is requesting privileged intents that have not been explicitly enabled in the ' \
-              'developer portal. It is recommended to go to https://discord.com/developers/applications/ ' \
-              'and explicitly enable the privileged intents within your application\'s page. If this is not ' \
-              'possible, then consider disabling the privileged intents instead.'
+    def __init__(self, shard_id: Optional[int]):
+        self.shard_id: Optional[int] = shard_id
+        msg = (
+            "Shard ID %s is requesting privileged intents that have not been explicitly enabled in the "
+            "developer portal. It is recommended to go to https://discord.com/developers/applications/ "
+            "and explicitly enable the privileged intents within your application's page. If this is not "
+            "possible, then consider disabling the privileged intents instead."
+        )
         super().__init__(msg % shard_id)
+
+
+class InteractionResponded(ClientException):
+    """Exception that's raised when sending another interaction response using
+    :class:`InteractionResponse` when one has already been done before.
+
+    An interaction can only respond once.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    Attributes
+    -----------
+    interaction: :class:`Interaction`
+        The interaction that's already been responded to.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, interaction: Interaction):
+        self.interaction: Interaction = interaction
+        super().__init__("This interaction has already been responded to before")

discord/ext/commands/_types.py

@@ -22,6 +22,28 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Coroutine, TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar, Union
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .context import Context
+    from .cog import Cog
+    from .errors import CommandError
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+Coro = Coroutine[Any, Any, T]
+MaybeCoro = Union[T, Coro[T]]
+CoroFunc = Callable[..., Coro[Any]]
+
+Check = Union[Callable[["Cog", "Context[Any]"], MaybeCoro[bool]], Callable[["Context[Any]"], MaybeCoro[bool]]]
+Hook = Union[Callable[["Cog", "Context[Any]"], Coro[Any]], Callable[["Context[Any]"], Coro[Any]]]
+Error = Union[
+    Callable[["Cog", "Context[Any]", "CommandError"], Coro[Any]], Callable[["Context[Any]", "CommandError"], Coro[Any]]
+]
+
+
 # This is merely a tag type to avoid circular import issues.
 # Yes, this is a terrible solution but ultimately it is the only solution.
 class _BaseCommand:

discord/ext/commands/bot.py

@@ -22,38 +22,103 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
 import asyncio
 import collections
+import collections.abc
+
 import inspect
 import importlib.util
 import sys
 import traceback
 import types
+from collections import defaultdict
+from discord.http import HTTPClient
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    Callable,
+    Iterable,
+    Tuple,
+    cast,
+    Mapping,
+    List,
+    Dict,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Optional,
+    TypeVar,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+)
 
 import discord
+from discord.types.interactions import (
+    ApplicationCommandInteractionData,
+    ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption,
+    EditApplicationCommand,
+    _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionString,
+)
 
 from .core import GroupMixin
-from .view import StringView
+from .converter import Greedy
+from .view import StringView, supported_quotes
 from .context import Context
+from .flags import FlagConverter
 from . import errors
 from .help import HelpCommand, DefaultHelpCommand
 from .cog import Cog
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import importlib.machinery
+
+    from discord.message import Message
+    from ._types import (
+        Check,
+        CoroFunc,
+    )
+
 __all__ = (
-    'when_mentioned',
-    'when_mentioned_or',
-    'Bot',
-    'AutoShardedBot',
+    "when_mentioned",
+    "when_mentioned_or",
+    "Bot",
+    "AutoShardedBot",
 )
 
-def when_mentioned(bot, msg):
+MISSING: Any = discord.utils.MISSING
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+CFT = TypeVar("CFT", bound="CoroFunc")
+CXT = TypeVar("CXT", bound="Context")
+
+
+class _FakeSlashMessage(discord.PartialMessage):
+    activity = application = edited_at = reference = webhook_id = None
+    attachments = components = reactions = stickers = mentions = []
+    author: Union[discord.User, discord.Member]
+    tts = False
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_interaction(
+        cls, interaction: discord.Interaction, channel: Union[discord.TextChannel, discord.DMChannel, discord.Thread]
+    ):
+        self = cls(channel=channel, id=interaction.id)
+        assert interaction.user is not None
+        self.author = interaction.user
+
+        return self
+
+
+def when_mentioned(bot: Union[Bot, AutoShardedBot], msg: Message) -> List[str]:
     """A callable that implements a command prefix equivalent to being mentioned.
 
     These are meant to be passed into the :attr:`.Bot.command_prefix` attribute.
     """
-    return [f'<@{bot.user.id}> ', f'<@!{bot.user.id}> ']
+    # bot.user will never be None when this is called
+    return [f"<@{bot.user.id}> ", f"<@!{bot.user.id}> "]  # type: ignore
 
-def when_mentioned_or(*prefixes):
+
+def when_mentioned_or(*prefixes: str) -> Callable[[Union[Bot, AutoShardedBot], Message], List[str]]:
     """A callable that implements when mentioned or other prefixes provided.
 
     These are meant to be passed into the :attr:`.Bot.command_prefix` attribute.
@@ -82,6 +147,7 @@ def when_mentioned_or(*prefixes):
     ----------
     :func:`.when_mentioned`
     """
+
     def inner(bot, msg):
         r = list(prefixes)
         r = when_mentioned(bot, msg) + r
@@ -89,37 +155,87 @@ def when_mentioned_or(*prefixes):
 
     return inner
 
-def _is_submodule(parent, child):
+
+def _is_submodule(parent: str, child: str) -> bool:
     return parent == child or child.startswith(parent + ".")
 
+
+def _unwrap_slash_groups(
+    data: ApplicationCommandInteractionData,
+) -> Tuple[str, List[ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption]]:
+    command_name = data["name"]
+    command_options = data.get("options") or []
+    while any(o["type"] in {1, 2} for o in command_options):  # type: ignore
+        for option in command_options:  # type: ignore
+            if option["type"] in {1, 2}:  # type: ignore
+                command_name += f' {option["name"]}'  # type: ignore
+                command_options = option.get("options") or []
+
+    return command_name, command_options
+
+
+def _quote_string_safe(string: str) -> str:
+    # we need to quote this string otherwise we may spill into
+    # other parameters and cause all kinds of trouble, as many
+    # quotes are supported and some may be in the option, we
+    # loop through all supported quotes and if neither open or
+    # close are in the string, we add them
+    for open, close in supported_quotes.items():
+        if open not in string and close not in string:
+            return f"{open}{string}{close}"
+
+    # all supported quotes are in the message and we cannot add any
+    # safely, very unlikely but still got to be covered
+    raise errors.UnexpectedQuoteError(string)
+
+
 class _DefaultRepr:
     def __repr__(self):
-        return '<default-help-command>'
+        return "<default-help-command>"
+
 
 _default = _DefaultRepr()
 
+
 class BotBase(GroupMixin):
-    def __init__(self, command_prefix, help_command=_default, description=None, **options):
-        super().__init__(**options)
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        command_prefix,
+        help_command=_default,
+        description=None,
+        *,
+        intents: discord.Intents,
+        message_commands: bool = True,
+        slash_commands: bool = False,
+        **options,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(**options, intents=intents)
+
         self.command_prefix = command_prefix
-        self.extra_events = {}
-        self.__cogs = {}
-        self.__extensions = {}
-        self._checks = []
+        self.slash_commands = slash_commands
+        self.message_commands = message_commands
+        self.extra_events: Dict[str, List[CoroFunc]] = {}
+        self.__cogs: Dict[str, Cog] = {}
+        self.__extensions: Dict[str, types.ModuleType] = {}
+        self._checks: List[Check] = []
         self._check_once = []
         self._before_invoke = None
         self._after_invoke = None
         self._help_command = None
-        self.description = inspect.cleandoc(description) if description else ''
-        self.owner_id = options.get('owner_id')
-        self.owner_ids = options.get('owner_ids', set())
-        self.strip_after_prefix = options.get('strip_after_prefix', False)
+        self.description = inspect.cleandoc(description) if description else ""
+        self.owner_id = options.get("owner_id")
+        self.owner_ids = options.get("owner_ids", set())
+        self.strip_after_prefix = options.get("strip_after_prefix", False)
+        self.slash_command_guilds: Optional[Iterable[int]] = options.get("slash_command_guilds", None)
 
         if self.owner_id and self.owner_ids:
-            raise TypeError('Both owner_id and owner_ids are set.')
+            raise TypeError("Both owner_id and owner_ids are set.")
 
         if self.owner_ids and not isinstance(self.owner_ids, collections.abc.Collection):
-            raise TypeError(f'owner_ids must be a collection not {self.owner_ids.__class__!r}')
+            raise TypeError(f"owner_ids must be a collection not {self.owner_ids.__class__!r}")
+
+        if not (message_commands or slash_commands):
+            raise ValueError("Both message_commands and slash_commands are disabled.")
 
         if help_command is _default:
             self.help_command = DefaultHelpCommand()
@@ -128,13 +244,64 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
 
     # internal helpers
 
-    def dispatch(self, event_name, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().dispatch(event_name, *args, **kwargs)
-        ev = 'on_' + event_name
+    def dispatch(self, event_name: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        # super() will resolve to Client
+        super().dispatch(event_name, *args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
+        ev = "on_" + event_name
         for event in self.extra_events.get(ev, []):
-            self._schedule_event(event, ev, *args, **kwargs)
+            self._schedule_event(event, ev, *args, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
 
-    async def close(self):
+    async def setup(self):
+        await self.create_slash_commands()
+
+    async def create_slash_commands(self):
+        commands: defaultdict[Optional[int], List[EditApplicationCommand]] = defaultdict(list)
+        for command in self.commands:
+            if command.hidden or (command.slash_command is None and not self.slash_commands):
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                payload = command.to_application_command()
+            except Exception:
+                raise errors.ApplicationCommandRegistrationError(command)
+
+            if payload is None:
+                continue
+
+            guilds = command.slash_command_guilds or self.slash_command_guilds
+            if guilds is None:
+                commands[None].append(payload)
+            else:
+                for guild in guilds:
+                    commands[guild].append(payload)
+
+        http: HTTPClient = self.http  # type: ignore
+        global_commands = commands.pop(None, None)
+        application_id = self.application_id or (await self.application_info()).id  # type: ignore
+        if global_commands is not None:
+            if self.slash_command_guilds is None:
+                await http.bulk_upsert_global_commands(
+                    payload=global_commands,
+                    application_id=application_id,
+                )
+            else:
+                for guild in self.slash_command_guilds:
+                    await http.bulk_upsert_guild_commands(
+                        guild_id=guild,
+                        payload=global_commands,
+                        application_id=application_id,
+                    )
+
+        for guild, guild_commands in commands.items():
+            assert guild is not None
+            await http.bulk_upsert_guild_commands(
+                guild_id=guild,
+                payload=guild_commands,
+                application_id=application_id,
+            )
+
+    @discord.utils.copy_doc(discord.Client.close)
+    async def close(self) -> None:
         for extension in tuple(self.__extensions):
             try:
                 self.unload_extension(extension)
@@ -147,9 +314,9 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             except Exception:
                 pass
 
-        await super().close()
+        await super().close()  # type: ignore
 
-    async def on_command_error(self, context, exception):
+    async def on_command_error(self, context: Context, exception: errors.CommandError) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         The default command error handler provided by the bot.
@@ -159,7 +326,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
 
         This only fires if you do not specify any listeners for command error.
         """
-        if self.extra_events.get('on_command_error', None):
+        if self.extra_events.get("on_command_error", None):
             return
 
         command = context.command
@@ -170,12 +337,12 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         if cog and cog.has_error_handler():
             return
 
-        print(f'Ignoring exception in command {context.command}:', file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"Ignoring exception in command {context.command}:", file=sys.stderr)
         traceback.print_exception(type(exception), exception, exception.__traceback__, file=sys.stderr)
 
     # global check registration
 
-    def check(self, func):
+    def check(self, func: T) -> T:
         r"""A decorator that adds a global check to the bot.
 
         A global check is similar to a :func:`.check` that is applied
@@ -200,10 +367,11 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
                 return ctx.command.qualified_name in allowed_commands
 
         """
-        self.add_check(func)
+        # T was used instead of Check to ensure the type matches on return
+        self.add_check(func)  # type: ignore
         return func
 
-    def add_check(self, func, *, call_once=False):
+    def add_check(self, func: Check, *, call_once: bool = False) -> None:
         """Adds a global check to the bot.
 
         This is the non-decorator interface to :meth:`.check`
@@ -223,7 +391,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         else:
             self._checks.append(func)
 
-    def remove_check(self, func, *, call_once=False):
+    def remove_check(self, func: Check, *, call_once: bool = False) -> None:
         """Removes a global check from the bot.
 
         This function is idempotent and will not raise an exception
@@ -244,7 +412,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         except ValueError:
             pass
 
-    def check_once(self, func):
+    def check_once(self, func: CFT) -> CFT:
         r"""A decorator that adds a "call once" global check to the bot.
 
         Unlike regular global checks, this one is called only once
@@ -282,15 +450,16 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         self.add_check(func, call_once=True)
         return func
 
-    async def can_run(self, ctx, *, call_once=False):
+    async def can_run(self, ctx: Context, *, call_once: bool = False) -> bool:
         data = self._check_once if call_once else self._checks
 
         if len(data) == 0:
             return True
 
-        return await discord.utils.async_all(f(ctx) for f in data)
+        # type-checker doesn't distinguish between functions and methods
+        return await discord.utils.async_all(f(ctx) for f in data)  # type: ignore
 
-    async def is_owner(self, user):
+    async def is_owner(self, user: discord.User) -> bool:
         """|coro|
 
         Checks if a :class:`~discord.User` or :class:`~discord.Member` is the owner of
@@ -319,15 +488,61 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         elif self.owner_ids:
             return user.id in self.owner_ids
         else:
-            app = await self.application_info()
-            if app.team:
-                self.owner_ids = ids = {m.id for m in app.team.members}
-                return user.id in ids
-            else:
-                self.owner_id = owner_id = app.owner.id
-                return user.id == owner_id
+            # Populate the used fields, then retry the check. This is only done at-most once in the bot lifetime.
+            await self.populate_owners()
+            return await self.is_owner(user)
 
-    def before_invoke(self, coro):
+    async def try_owners(self) -> List[discord.User]:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Returns a list of :class:`~discord.User` representing the owners of the bot.
+        It uses the :attr:`owner_id` and :attr:`owner_ids`, if set.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+            The function also checks if the application is team-owned if
+            :attr:`owner_ids` is not set.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        List[:class:`~discord.User`]
+            List of owners of the bot.
+        """
+        if self.owner_id:
+            owner = await self.try_user(self.owner_id)
+
+            if owner:
+                return [owner]
+            else:
+                return []
+
+        elif self.owner_ids:
+            owners = []
+
+            for owner_id in self.owner_ids:
+                owner = await self.try_user(owner_id)
+                if owner:
+                    owners.append(owner)
+
+            return owners
+        else:
+            # We didn't have owners cached yet, cache them and retry.
+            await self.populate_owners()
+            return await self.try_owners()
+
+    async def populate_owners(self):
+        """|coro|
+
+        Populate the :attr:`owner_id` and :attr:`owner_ids` through the use of :meth:`~.Bot.application_info`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        app = await self.application_info()  # type: ignore
+        if app.team:
+            self.owner_ids = {m.id for m in app.team.members}
+        else:
+            self.owner_id = app.owner.id
+
+    def before_invoke(self, coro: CFT) -> CFT:
         """A decorator that registers a coroutine as a pre-invoke hook.
 
         A pre-invoke hook is called directly before the command is
@@ -354,12 +569,12 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             The coroutine passed is not actually a coroutine.
         """
         if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(coro):
-            raise TypeError('The pre-invoke hook must be a coroutine.')
+            raise TypeError("The pre-invoke hook must be a coroutine.")
 
         self._before_invoke = coro
         return coro
 
-    def after_invoke(self, coro):
+    def after_invoke(self, coro: CFT) -> CFT:
         r"""A decorator that registers a coroutine as a post-invoke hook.
 
         A post-invoke hook is called directly after the command is
@@ -387,21 +602,21 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             The coroutine passed is not actually a coroutine.
         """
         if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(coro):
-            raise TypeError('The post-invoke hook must be a coroutine.')
+            raise TypeError("The post-invoke hook must be a coroutine.")
 
         self._after_invoke = coro
         return coro
 
     # listener registration
 
-    def add_listener(self, func, name=None):
+    def add_listener(self, func: CoroFunc, name: str = MISSING) -> None:
         """The non decorator alternative to :meth:`.listen`.
 
         Parameters
         -----------
         func: :ref:`coroutine <coroutine>`
             The function to call.
-        name: Optional[:class:`str`]
+        name: :class:`str`
             The name of the event to listen for. Defaults to ``func.__name__``.
 
         Example
@@ -416,17 +631,17 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             bot.add_listener(my_message, 'on_message')
 
         """
-        name = func.__name__ if name is None else name
+        name = func.__name__ if name is MISSING else name
 
         if not asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(func):
-            raise TypeError('Listeners must be coroutines')
+            raise TypeError("Listeners must be coroutines")
 
         if name in self.extra_events:
             self.extra_events[name].append(func)
         else:
             self.extra_events[name] = [func]
 
-    def remove_listener(self, func, name=None):
+    def remove_listener(self, func: CoroFunc, name: str = MISSING) -> None:
         """Removes a listener from the pool of listeners.
 
         Parameters
@@ -438,7 +653,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             ``func.__name__``.
         """
 
-        name = func.__name__ if name is None else name
+        name = func.__name__ if name is MISSING else name
 
         if name in self.extra_events:
             try:
@@ -446,7 +661,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             except ValueError:
                 pass
 
-    def listen(self, name=None):
+    def listen(self, name: str = MISSING) -> Callable[[CFT], CFT]:
         """A decorator that registers another function as an external
         event listener. Basically this allows you to listen to multiple
         events from different places e.g. such as :func:`.on_ready`
@@ -476,7 +691,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             The function being listened to is not a coroutine.
         """
 
-        def decorator(func):
+        def decorator(func: CFT) -> CFT:
             self.add_listener(func, name)
             return func
 
@@ -515,20 +730,20 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         """
 
         if not isinstance(cog, Cog):
-            raise TypeError('cogs must derive from Cog')
+            raise TypeError("cogs must derive from Cog")
 
         cog_name = cog.__cog_name__
         existing = self.__cogs.get(cog_name)
 
         if existing is not None:
             if not override:
-                raise discord.ClientException(f'Cog named {cog_name!r} already loaded')
+                raise discord.ClientException(f"Cog named {cog_name!r} already loaded")
             self.remove_cog(cog_name)
 
         cog = cog._inject(self)
         self.__cogs[cog_name] = cog
 
-    def get_cog(self, name):
+    def get_cog(self, name: str) -> Optional[Cog]:
         """Gets the cog instance requested.
 
         If the cog is not found, ``None`` is returned instead.
@@ -547,8 +762,8 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         """
         return self.__cogs.get(name)
 
-    def remove_cog(self, name):
-        """Removes a cog from the bot.
+    def remove_cog(self, name: str) -> Optional[Cog]:
+        """Removes a cog from the bot and returns it.
 
         All registered commands and event listeners that the
         cog has registered will be removed as well.
@@ -559,6 +774,11 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         -----------
         name: :class:`str`
             The name of the cog to remove.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Optional[:class:`.Cog`]
+             The cog that was removed. ``None`` if not found.
         """
 
         cog = self.__cogs.pop(name, None)
@@ -570,14 +790,16 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             help_command.cog = None
         cog._eject(self)
 
+        return cog
+
     @property
-    def cogs(self):
+    def cogs(self) -> Mapping[str, Cog]:
         """Mapping[:class:`str`, :class:`Cog`]: A read-only mapping of cog name to cog."""
         return types.MappingProxyType(self.__cogs)
 
     # extensions
 
-    def _remove_module_references(self, name):
+    def _remove_module_references(self, name: str) -> None:
         # find all references to the module
         # remove the cogs registered from the module
         for cogname, cog in self.__cogs.copy().items():
@@ -601,9 +823,9 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             for index in reversed(remove):
                 del event_list[index]
 
-    def _call_module_finalizers(self, lib, key):
+    def _call_module_finalizers(self, lib: types.ModuleType, key: str) -> None:
         try:
-            func = getattr(lib, 'teardown')
+            func = getattr(lib, "teardown")
         except AttributeError:
             pass
         else:
@@ -619,18 +841,18 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
                 if _is_submodule(name, module):
                     del sys.modules[module]
 
-    def _load_from_module_spec(self, spec, key):
+    def _load_from_module_spec(self, spec: importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec, key: str) -> None:
         # precondition: key not in self.__extensions
         lib = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
         sys.modules[key] = lib
         try:
-            spec.loader.exec_module(lib)
+            spec.loader.exec_module(lib)  # type: ignore
         except Exception as e:
             del sys.modules[key]
             raise errors.ExtensionFailed(key, e) from e
 
         try:
-            setup = getattr(lib, 'setup')
+            setup = getattr(lib, "setup")
         except AttributeError:
             del sys.modules[key]
             raise errors.NoEntryPointError(key)
@@ -645,13 +867,13 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         else:
             self.__extensions[key] = lib
 
-    def _resolve_name(self, name, package):
+    def _resolve_name(self, name: str, package: Optional[str]) -> str:
         try:
             return importlib.util.resolve_name(name, package)
         except ImportError:
             raise errors.ExtensionNotFound(name)
 
-    def load_extension(self, name, *, package=None):
+    def load_extension(self, name: str, *, package: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Loads an extension.
 
         An extension is a python module that contains commands, cogs, or
@@ -698,7 +920,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
 
         self._load_from_module_spec(spec, name)
 
-    def unload_extension(self, name, *, package=None):
+    def unload_extension(self, name: str, *, package: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Unloads an extension.
 
         When the extension is unloaded, all commands, listeners, and cogs are
@@ -739,7 +961,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         self._remove_module_references(lib.__name__)
         self._call_module_finalizers(lib, name)
 
-    def reload_extension(self, name, *, package=None):
+    def reload_extension(self, name: str, *, package: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """Atomically reloads an extension.
 
         This replaces the extension with the same extension, only refreshed. This is
@@ -780,11 +1002,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             raise errors.ExtensionNotLoaded(name)
 
         # get the previous module states from sys modules
-        modules = {
-            name: module
-            for name, module in sys.modules.items()
-            if _is_submodule(lib.__name__, name)
-        }
+        modules = {name: module for name, module in sys.modules.items() if _is_submodule(lib.__name__, name)}
 
         try:
             # Unload and then load the module...
@@ -795,7 +1013,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             # if the load failed, the remnants should have been
             # cleaned from the load_extension function call
             # so let's load it from our old compiled library.
-            lib.setup(self)
+            lib.setup(self)  # type: ignore
             self.__extensions[name] = lib
 
             # revert sys.modules back to normal and raise back to caller
@@ -803,21 +1021,21 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             raise
 
     @property
-    def extensions(self):
+    def extensions(self) -> Mapping[str, types.ModuleType]:
         """Mapping[:class:`str`, :class:`py:types.ModuleType`]: A read-only mapping of extension name to extension."""
         return types.MappingProxyType(self.__extensions)
 
     # help command stuff
 
     @property
-    def help_command(self):
+    def help_command(self) -> Optional[HelpCommand]:
         return self._help_command
 
     @help_command.setter
-    def help_command(self, value):
+    def help_command(self, value: Optional[HelpCommand]) -> None:
         if value is not None:
             if not isinstance(value, HelpCommand):
-                raise TypeError('help_command must be a subclass of HelpCommand')
+                raise TypeError("help_command must be a subclass of HelpCommand")
             if self._help_command is not None:
                 self._help_command._remove_from_bot(self)
             self._help_command = value
@@ -830,7 +1048,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
 
     # command processing
 
-    async def get_prefix(self, message):
+    async def get_prefix(self, message: Message) -> Union[List[str], str]:
         """|coro|
 
         Retrieves the prefix the bot is listening to
@@ -847,6 +1065,9 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             A list of prefixes or a single prefix that the bot is
             listening for.
         """
+        if isinstance(message, _FakeSlashMessage):
+            return "/"
+
         prefix = ret = self.command_prefix
         if callable(prefix):
             ret = await discord.utils.maybe_coroutine(prefix, self, message)
@@ -860,15 +1081,17 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
                 if isinstance(ret, collections.abc.Iterable):
                     raise
 
-                raise TypeError("command_prefix must be plain string, iterable of strings, or callable "
-                                f"returning either of these, not {ret.__class__.__name__}")
+                raise TypeError(
+                    "command_prefix must be plain string, iterable of strings, or callable "
+                    f"returning either of these, not {ret.__class__.__name__}"
+                )
 
             if not ret:
                 raise ValueError("Iterable command_prefix must contain at least one prefix")
 
         return ret
 
-    async def get_context(self, message, *, cls=Context):
+    async def get_context(self, message: Message, *, cls: Type[CXT] = Context) -> CXT:
         r"""|coro|
 
         Returns the invocation context from the message.
@@ -901,7 +1124,7 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         view = StringView(message.content)
         ctx = cls(prefix=None, view=view, bot=self, message=message)
 
-        if message.author.id == self.user.id:
+        if message.author.id == self.user.id:  # type: ignore
             return ctx
 
         prefix = await self.get_prefix(message)
@@ -921,14 +1144,18 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
 
             except TypeError:
                 if not isinstance(prefix, list):
-                    raise TypeError("get_prefix must return either a string or a list of string, "
-                                    f"not {prefix.__class__.__name__}")
+                    raise TypeError(
+                        "get_prefix must return either a string or a list of string, "
+                        f"not {prefix.__class__.__name__}"
+                    )
 
                 # It's possible a bad command_prefix got us here.
                 for value in prefix:
                     if not isinstance(value, str):
-                        raise TypeError("Iterable command_prefix or list returned from get_prefix must "
-                                        f"contain only strings, not {value.__class__.__name__}")
+                        raise TypeError(
+                            "Iterable command_prefix or list returned from get_prefix must "
+                            f"contain only strings, not {value.__class__.__name__}"
+                        )
 
                 # Getting here shouldn't happen
                 raise
@@ -938,11 +1165,12 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
 
         invoker = view.get_word()
         ctx.invoked_with = invoker
-        ctx.prefix = invoked_prefix
+        # type-checker fails to narrow invoked_prefix type.
+        ctx.prefix = invoked_prefix  # type: ignore
         ctx.command = self.all_commands.get(invoker)
         return ctx
 
-    async def invoke(self, ctx):
+    async def invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Invokes the command given under the invocation context and
@@ -954,21 +1182,21 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
             The invocation context to invoke.
         """
         if ctx.command is not None:
-            self.dispatch('command', ctx)
+            self.dispatch("command", ctx)
             try:
                 if await self.can_run(ctx, call_once=True):
                     await ctx.command.invoke(ctx)
                 else:
-                    raise errors.CheckFailure('The global check once functions failed.')
+                    raise errors.CheckFailure("The global check once functions failed.")
             except errors.CommandError as exc:
                 await ctx.command.dispatch_error(ctx, exc)
             else:
-                self.dispatch('command_completion', ctx)
+                self.dispatch("command_completion", ctx)
         elif ctx.invoked_with:
             exc = errors.CommandNotFound(f'Command "{ctx.invoked_with}" is not found')
-            self.dispatch('command_error', ctx, exc)
+            self.dispatch("command_error", ctx, exc)
 
-    async def process_commands(self, message):
+    async def process_commands(self, message: Message) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         This function processes the commands that have been registered
@@ -996,9 +1224,95 @@ class BotBase(GroupMixin):
         ctx = await self.get_context(message)
         await self.invoke(ctx)
 
+    async def process_slash_commands(self, interaction: discord.Interaction):
+        """|coro|
+
+        This function processes a slash command interaction into a usable
+        message and calls :meth:`.process_commands` based on it. Without this
+        coroutine slash commands will not be triggered.
+
+        By default, this coroutine is called inside the :func:`.on_interaction`
+        event. If you choose to override the :func:`.on_interaction` event,
+        then you should invoke this coroutine as well.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        interaction: :class:`discord.Interaction`
+            The interaction to process slash commands for.
+
+        """
+        if interaction.type != discord.InteractionType.application_command:
+            return
+
+        interaction.data = cast(ApplicationCommandInteractionData, interaction.data)
+        command_name, command_options = _unwrap_slash_groups(interaction.data)
+
+        command = self.get_command(command_name)
+        if command is None:
+            raise errors.CommandNotFound(f'Command "{command_name}" is not found')
+
+        # Ensure the interaction channel is usable
+        channel = interaction.channel
+        if channel is None or isinstance(channel, discord.PartialMessageable):
+            if interaction.guild is None:
+                assert interaction.user is not None
+                channel = await interaction.user.create_dm()
+            elif interaction.channel_id is not None:
+                channel = await interaction.guild.fetch_channel(interaction.channel_id)
+            else:
+                return  # cannot do anything without stable channel
+
+        # Make our fake message so we can pass it to ext.commands
+        message: discord.Message = _FakeSlashMessage.from_interaction(interaction, channel)  # type: ignore
+        message.content = f"/{command_name} "
+
+        # Add arguments to fake message content, in the right order
+        ignore_params: List[inspect.Parameter] = []
+        for name, param in command.clean_params.items():
+            if inspect.isclass(param.annotation) and issubclass(param.annotation, FlagConverter):
+                for name, flag in param.annotation.get_flags().items():
+                    option = next((o for o in command_options if o["name"] == name), None)
+
+                    if option is None:
+                        if flag.required:
+                            raise errors.MissingRequiredFlag(flag)
+                    else:
+                        prefix = param.annotation.__commands_flag_prefix__
+                        delimiter = param.annotation.__commands_flag_delimiter__
+                        message.content += f"{prefix}{name} {option['value']}{delimiter}"  # type: ignore
+                continue
+
+            option = next((o for o in command_options if o["name"] == name), None)
+            if option is None:
+                if param.default is param.empty and not command._is_typing_optional(param.annotation):
+                    raise errors.MissingRequiredArgument(param)
+                else:
+                    ignore_params.append(param)
+            elif (
+                option["type"] == 3
+                and not isinstance(param.annotation, Greedy)
+                and param.kind in {param.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD, param.POSITIONAL_ONLY}
+            ):
+                # String with space in without "consume rest"
+                option = cast(_ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionString, option)
+                message.content += f"{_quote_string_safe(option['value'])} "
+            else:
+                message.content += f'{option.get("value", "")} '
+
+        ctx = await self.get_context(message)
+        ctx._ignored_params = ignore_params
+        ctx.interaction = interaction
+        await self.invoke(ctx)
+
     async def on_message(self, message):
         await self.process_commands(message)
 
+    async def on_interaction(self, interaction: discord.Interaction):
+        await self.process_slash_commands(interaction)
+
+
 class Bot(BotBase, discord.Client):
     """Represents a discord bot.
 
@@ -1041,7 +1355,7 @@ class Bot(BotBase, discord.Client):
             when passing an empty string, it should always be last as no prefix
             after it will be matched.
     case_insensitive: :class:`bool`
-        Whether the commands should be case insensitive. Defaults to ``False``. This
+        Whether the commands should be case insensitive. Defaults to ``True``. This
         attribute does not carry over to groups. You must set it to every group if
         you require group commands to be case insensitive as well.
     description: :class:`str`
@@ -1068,11 +1382,36 @@ class Bot(BotBase, discord.Client):
         the ``command_prefix`` is set to ``!``. Defaults to ``False``.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.7
+    message_commands: Optional[:class:`bool`]
+        Whether to process commands based on messages.
+
+        Can be overwritten per command in the command decorators or when making
+        a :class:`Command` object via the ``message_command`` parameter
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    slash_commands: Optional[:class:`bool`]
+        Whether to upload and process slash commands.
+
+        Can be overwritten per command in the command decorators or when making
+        a :class:`Command` object via the ``slash_command`` parameter
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    slash_command_guilds: Optional[:class:`List[int]`]
+        If this is set, only upload slash commands to these guild IDs.
+
+        Can be overwritten per command in the command decorators or when making
+        a :class:`Command` object via the ``slash_command_guilds`` parameter
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
     """
+
     pass
 
+
 class AutoShardedBot(BotBase, discord.AutoShardedClient):
     """This is similar to :class:`.Bot` except that it is inherited from
     :class:`discord.AutoShardedClient` instead.
     """
+
     pass

discord/ext/commands/cog.py

@@ -21,16 +21,31 @@ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import inspect
-import copy
+import discord.utils
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, Generator, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, TypeVar, Type
+
 from ._types import _BaseCommand
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .bot import BotBase
+    from .context import Context
+    from .core import Command
+
 __all__ = (
-    'CogMeta',
-    'Cog',
+    "CogMeta",
+    "Cog",
 )
 
+CogT = TypeVar("CogT", bound="Cog")
+FuncT = TypeVar("FuncT", bound=Callable[..., Any])
+
+MISSING: Any = discord.utils.MISSING
+
+
 class CogMeta(type):
     """A metaclass for defining a cog.
 
@@ -91,19 +106,24 @@ class CogMeta(type):
                     pass # hidden -> False
     """
 
-    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
-        name, bases, attrs = args
-        attrs['__cog_name__'] = kwargs.pop('name', name)
-        attrs['__cog_settings__'] = kwargs.pop('command_attrs', {})
+    __cog_name__: str
+    __cog_settings__: Dict[str, Any]
+    __cog_commands__: List[Command]
+    __cog_listeners__: List[Tuple[str, str]]
 
-        description = kwargs.pop('description', None)
+    def __new__(cls: Type[CogMeta], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> CogMeta:
+        name, bases, attrs = args
+        attrs["__cog_name__"] = kwargs.pop("name", name)
+        attrs["__cog_settings__"] = kwargs.pop("command_attrs", {})
+
+        description = kwargs.pop("description", None)
         if description is None:
-            description = inspect.cleandoc(attrs.get('__doc__', ''))
-        attrs['__cog_description__'] = description
+            description = inspect.cleandoc(attrs.get("__doc__", ""))
+        attrs["__cog_description__"] = description
 
         commands = {}
         listeners = {}
-        no_bot_cog = 'Commands or listeners must not start with cog_ or bot_ (in method {0.__name__}.{1})'
+        no_bot_cog = "Commands or listeners must not start with cog_ or bot_ (in method {0.__name__}.{1})"
 
         new_cls = super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, **kwargs)
         for base in reversed(new_cls.__mro__):
@@ -118,21 +138,21 @@ class CogMeta(type):
                     value = value.__func__
                 if isinstance(value, _BaseCommand):
                     if is_static_method:
-                        raise TypeError(f'Command in method {base}.{elem!r} must not be staticmethod.')
-                    if elem.startswith(('cog_', 'bot_')):
+                        raise TypeError(f"Command in method {base}.{elem!r} must not be staticmethod.")
+                    if elem.startswith(("cog_", "bot_")):
                         raise TypeError(no_bot_cog.format(base, elem))
                     commands[elem] = value
                 elif inspect.iscoroutinefunction(value):
                     try:
-                        getattr(value, '__cog_listener__')
+                        getattr(value, "__cog_listener__")
                     except AttributeError:
                         continue
                     else:
-                        if elem.startswith(('cog_', 'bot_')):
+                        if elem.startswith(("cog_", "bot_")):
                             raise TypeError(no_bot_cog.format(base, elem))
                         listeners[elem] = value
 
-        new_cls.__cog_commands__ = list(commands.values()) # this will be copied in Cog.__new__
+        new_cls.__cog_commands__ = list(commands.values())  # this will be copied in Cog.__new__
 
         listeners_as_list = []
         for listener in listeners.values():
@@ -144,17 +164,19 @@ class CogMeta(type):
         new_cls.__cog_listeners__ = listeners_as_list
         return new_cls
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         super().__init__(*args)
 
     @classmethod
-    def qualified_name(cls):
+    def qualified_name(cls) -> str:
         return cls.__cog_name__
 
-def _cog_special_method(func):
+
+def _cog_special_method(func: FuncT) -> FuncT:
     func.__cog_special_method__ = None
     return func
 
+
 class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
     """The base class that all cogs must inherit from.
 
@@ -166,7 +188,12 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
     are equally valid here.
     """
 
-    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+    __cog_name__: ClassVar[str]
+    __cog_settings__: ClassVar[Dict[str, Any]]
+    __cog_commands__: ClassVar[List[Command]]
+    __cog_listeners__: ClassVar[List[Tuple[str, str]]]
+
+    def __new__(cls: Type[CogT], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> CogT:
         # For issue 426, we need to store a copy of the command objects
         # since we modify them to inject `self` to them.
         # To do this, we need to interfere with the Cog creation process.
@@ -174,12 +201,10 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         cmd_attrs = cls.__cog_settings__
 
         # Either update the command with the cog provided defaults or copy it.
-        self.__cog_commands__ = tuple(c._update_copy(cmd_attrs) for c in cls.__cog_commands__)
+        # r.e type ignore, type-checker complains about overriding a ClassVar
+        self.__cog_commands__ = tuple(c._update_copy(cmd_attrs) for c in cls.__cog_commands__)  # type: ignore
 
-        lookup = {
-            cmd.qualified_name: cmd
-            for cmd in self.__cog_commands__
-        }
+        lookup = {cmd.qualified_name: cmd for cmd in self.__cog_commands__}
 
         # Update the Command instances dynamically as well
         for command in self.__cog_commands__:
@@ -187,15 +212,15 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
             parent = command.parent
             if parent is not None:
                 # Get the latest parent reference
-                parent = lookup[parent.qualified_name]
+                parent = lookup[parent.qualified_name]  # type: ignore
 
                 # Update our parent's reference to our self
-                parent.remove_command(command.name)
-                parent.add_command(command)
+                parent.remove_command(command.name)  # type: ignore
+                parent.add_command(command)  # type: ignore
 
         return self
 
-    def get_commands(self):
+    def get_commands(self) -> List[Command]:
         r"""
         Returns
         --------
@@ -210,20 +235,20 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         return [c for c in self.__cog_commands__ if c.parent is None]
 
     @property
-    def qualified_name(self):
+    def qualified_name(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: Returns the cog's specified name, not the class name."""
         return self.__cog_name__
 
     @property
-    def description(self):
+    def description(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: Returns the cog's description, typically the cleaned docstring."""
         return self.__cog_description__
 
     @description.setter
-    def description(self, description):
+    def description(self, description: str) -> None:
         self.__cog_description__ = description
 
-    def walk_commands(self):
+    def walk_commands(self) -> Generator[Command, None, None]:
         """An iterator that recursively walks through this cog's commands and subcommands.
 
         Yields
@@ -232,13 +257,14 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
             A command or group from the cog.
         """
         from .core import GroupMixin
+
         for command in self.__cog_commands__:
             if command.parent is None:
                 yield command
                 if isinstance(command, GroupMixin):
                     yield from command.walk_commands()
 
-    def get_listeners(self):
+    def get_listeners(self) -> List[Tuple[str, Callable[..., Any]]]:
         """Returns a :class:`list` of (name, function) listener pairs that are defined in this cog.
 
         Returns
@@ -249,12 +275,12 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         return [(name, getattr(self, method_name)) for name, method_name in self.__cog_listeners__]
 
     @classmethod
-    def _get_overridden_method(cls, method):
+    def _get_overridden_method(cls, method: FuncT) -> Optional[FuncT]:
         """Return None if the method is not overridden. Otherwise returns the overridden method."""
-        return getattr(method.__func__, '__cog_special_method__', method)
+        return getattr(method.__func__, "__cog_special_method__", method)
 
     @classmethod
-    def listener(cls, name=None):
+    def listener(cls, name: str = MISSING) -> Callable[[FuncT], FuncT]:
         """A decorator that marks a function as a listener.
 
         This is the cog equivalent of :meth:`.Bot.listen`.
@@ -272,15 +298,15 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
             the name.
         """
 
-        if name is not None and not isinstance(name, str):
-            raise TypeError(f'Cog.listener expected str but received {name.__class__.__name__!r} instead.')
+        if name is not MISSING and not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError(f"Cog.listener expected str but received {name.__class__.__name__!r} instead.")
 
-        def decorator(func):
+        def decorator(func: FuncT) -> FuncT:
             actual = func
             if isinstance(actual, staticmethod):
                 actual = actual.__func__
             if not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(actual):
-                raise TypeError('Listener function must be a coroutine function.')
+                raise TypeError("Listener function must be a coroutine function.")
             actual.__cog_listener__ = True
             to_assign = name or actual.__name__
             try:
@@ -292,17 +318,18 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
             # to pick it up but the metaclass unfurls the function and
             # thus the assignments need to be on the actual function
             return func
+
         return decorator
 
-    def has_error_handler(self):
+    def has_error_handler(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: Checks whether the cog has an error handler.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.7
         """
-        return not hasattr(self.cog_command_error.__func__, '__cog_special_method__')
+        return not hasattr(self.cog_command_error.__func__, "__cog_special_method__")
 
     @_cog_special_method
-    def cog_unload(self):
+    def cog_unload(self) -> None:
         """A special method that is called when the cog gets removed.
 
         This function **cannot** be a coroutine. It must be a regular
@@ -313,7 +340,7 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         pass
 
     @_cog_special_method
-    def bot_check_once(self, ctx):
+    def bot_check_once(self, ctx: Context) -> bool:
         """A special method that registers as a :meth:`.Bot.check_once`
         check.
 
@@ -323,7 +350,7 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         return True
 
     @_cog_special_method
-    def bot_check(self, ctx):
+    def bot_check(self, ctx: Context) -> bool:
         """A special method that registers as a :meth:`.Bot.check`
         check.
 
@@ -333,7 +360,7 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         return True
 
     @_cog_special_method
-    def cog_check(self, ctx):
+    def cog_check(self, ctx: Context) -> bool:
         """A special method that registers as a :func:`~discord.ext.commands.check`
         for every command and subcommand in this cog.
 
@@ -343,7 +370,7 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         return True
 
     @_cog_special_method
-    async def cog_command_error(self, ctx, error):
+    async def cog_command_error(self, ctx: Context, error: Exception) -> None:
         """A special method that is called whenever an error
         is dispatched inside this cog.
 
@@ -362,7 +389,7 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         pass
 
     @_cog_special_method
-    async def cog_before_invoke(self, ctx):
+    async def cog_before_invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
         """A special method that acts as a cog local pre-invoke hook.
 
         This is similar to :meth:`.Command.before_invoke`.
@@ -377,7 +404,7 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         pass
 
     @_cog_special_method
-    async def cog_after_invoke(self, ctx):
+    async def cog_after_invoke(self, ctx: Context) -> None:
         """A special method that acts as a cog local post-invoke hook.
 
         This is similar to :meth:`.Command.after_invoke`.
@@ -391,7 +418,7 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
         """
         pass
 
-    def _inject(self, bot):
+    def _inject(self: CogT, bot: BotBase) -> CogT:
         cls = self.__class__
 
         # realistically, the only thing that can cause loading errors
@@ -426,7 +453,7 @@ class Cog(metaclass=CogMeta):
 
         return self
 
-    def _eject(self, bot):
+    def _eject(self, bot: BotBase) -> None:
         cls = self.__class__
 
         try:

discord/ext/commands/context.py

@@ -21,16 +21,53 @@ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import re
+from datetime import timedelta
+from typing import Any, Dict, Generic, List, Literal, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, TypeVar, Union, overload
 
 import discord.abc
 import discord.utils
-import re
 
-__all__ = (
-    'Context',
-)
+from discord.message import Message
+from discord import Permissions
 
-class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
+    from discord.abc import MessageableChannel
+    from discord.guild import Guild
+    from discord.member import Member
+    from discord.state import ConnectionState
+    from discord.user import ClientUser, User
+    from discord.webhook import WebhookMessage
+    from discord.interactions import Interaction
+    from discord.voice_client import VoiceProtocol
+
+    from .bot import Bot, AutoShardedBot
+    from .cog import Cog
+    from .core import Command
+    from .help import HelpCommand
+    from .view import StringView
+
+__all__ = ("Context",)
+
+MISSING: Any = discord.utils.MISSING
+
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+BotT = TypeVar("BotT", bound="Union[Bot, AutoShardedBot]")
+CogT = TypeVar("CogT", bound="Cog")
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    P = ParamSpec("P")
+else:
+    P = TypeVar("P")
+
+
+class Context(discord.abc.Messageable, Generic[BotT]):
     r"""Represents the context in which a command is being invoked under.
 
     This class contains a lot of meta data to help you understand more about
@@ -58,11 +95,11 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
         This is only of use for within converters.
 
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
-    prefix: :class:`str`
+    prefix: Optional[:class:`str`]
         The prefix that was used to invoke the command.
-    command: :class:`Command`
+    command: Optional[:class:`Command`]
         The command that is being invoked currently.
-    invoked_with: :class:`str`
+    invoked_with: Optional[:class:`str`]
         The command name that triggered this invocation. Useful for finding out
         which alias called the command.
     invoked_parents: List[:class:`str`]
@@ -73,7 +110,7 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.7
 
-    invoked_subcommand: :class:`Command`
+    invoked_subcommand: Optional[:class:`Command`]
         The subcommand that was invoked.
         If no valid subcommand was invoked then this is equal to ``None``.
     subcommand_passed: Optional[:class:`str`]
@@ -85,24 +122,42 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
         A boolean that indicates if the command failed to be parsed, checked,
         or invoked.
     """
+    interaction: Optional[Interaction] = None
 
-    def __init__(self, **attrs):
-        self.message = attrs.pop('message', None)
-        self.bot = attrs.pop('bot', None)
-        self.args = attrs.pop('args', [])
-        self.kwargs = attrs.pop('kwargs', {})
-        self.prefix = attrs.pop('prefix')
-        self.command = attrs.pop('command', None)
-        self.view = attrs.pop('view', None)
-        self.invoked_with = attrs.pop('invoked_with', None)
-        self.invoked_parents = attrs.pop('invoked_parents', [])
-        self.invoked_subcommand = attrs.pop('invoked_subcommand', None)
-        self.subcommand_passed = attrs.pop('subcommand_passed', None)
-        self.command_failed = attrs.pop('command_failed', False)
-        self.current_parameter = attrs.pop('current_parameter', None)
-        self._state = self.message._state
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        message: Message,
+        bot: BotT,
+        view: StringView,
+        args: List[Any] = MISSING,
+        kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = MISSING,
+        prefix: Optional[str] = None,
+        command: Optional[Command] = None,
+        invoked_with: Optional[str] = None,
+        invoked_parents: List[str] = MISSING,
+        invoked_subcommand: Optional[Command] = None,
+        subcommand_passed: Optional[str] = None,
+        command_failed: bool = False,
+        current_parameter: Optional[inspect.Parameter] = None,
+    ):
+        self.message: Message = message
+        self.bot: BotT = bot
+        self.args: List[Any] = args or []
+        self.kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = kwargs or {}
+        self.prefix: Optional[str] = prefix
+        self.command: Optional[Command] = command
+        self.view: StringView = view
+        self.invoked_with: Optional[str] = invoked_with
+        self.invoked_parents: List[str] = invoked_parents or []
+        self.invoked_subcommand: Optional[Command] = invoked_subcommand
+        self.subcommand_passed: Optional[str] = subcommand_passed
+        self.command_failed: bool = command_failed
+        self.current_parameter: Optional[inspect.Parameter] = current_parameter
+        self._ignored_params: List[inspect.Parameter] = []
+        self._state: ConnectionState = self.message._state
 
-    async def invoke(self, command, /, *args, **kwargs):
+    async def invoke(self, command: Command[CogT, P, T], /, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
         r"""|coro|
 
         Calls a command with the arguments given.
@@ -124,7 +179,7 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
         command: :class:`.Command`
             The command that is going to be called.
         \*args
-            The arguments to to use.
+            The arguments to use.
         \*\*kwargs
             The keyword arguments to use.
 
@@ -133,17 +188,9 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
         TypeError
             The command argument to invoke is missing.
         """
-        arguments = []
-        if command.cog is not None:
-            arguments.append(command.cog)
+        return await command(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
-        arguments.append(self)
-        arguments.extend(args)
-
-        ret = await command.callback(*arguments, **kwargs)
-        return ret
-
-    async def reinvoke(self, *, call_hooks: bool = False, restart: bool = True):
+    async def reinvoke(self, *, call_hooks: bool = False, restart: bool = True) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Calls the command again.
@@ -176,7 +223,7 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
         cmd = self.command
         view = self.view
         if cmd is None:
-            raise ValueError('This context is not valid.')
+            raise ValueError("This context is not valid.")
 
         # some state to revert to when we're done
         index, previous = view.index, view.previous
@@ -187,10 +234,10 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
 
         if restart:
             to_call = cmd.root_parent or cmd
-            view.index = len(self.prefix)
+            view.index = len(self.prefix or "")
             view.previous = 0
             self.invoked_parents = []
-            self.invoked_with = view.get_word() # advance to get the root command
+            self.invoked_with = view.get_word()  # advance to get the root command
         else:
             to_call = cmd
 
@@ -206,29 +253,32 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
             self.subcommand_passed = subcommand_passed
 
     @property
-    def valid(self):
+    def valid(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: Checks if the invocation context is valid to be invoked with."""
         return self.prefix is not None and self.command is not None
 
-    async def _get_channel(self):
+    async def _get_channel(self) -> discord.abc.Messageable:
         return self.channel
 
     @property
-    def clean_prefix(self):
+    def clean_prefix(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The cleaned up invoke prefix. i.e. mentions are ``@name`` instead of ``<@id>``.
 
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
         """
-        user = self.guild.me if self.guild else self.bot.user
+        if self.prefix is None:
+            return ""
+
+        user = self.me
         # this breaks if the prefix mention is not the bot itself but I
         # consider this to be an *incredibly* strange use case. I'd rather go
         # for this common use case rather than waste performance for the
         # odd one.
         pattern = re.compile(r"<@!?%s>" % user.id)
-        return pattern.sub("@%s" % user.display_name.replace('\\', r'\\'), self.prefix)
+        return pattern.sub("@%s" % user.display_name.replace("\\", r"\\"), self.prefix)
 
     @property
-    def cog(self):
+    def cog(self) -> Optional[Cog]:
         """Optional[:class:`.Cog`]: Returns the cog associated with this context's command. None if it does not exist."""
 
         if self.command is None:
@@ -236,38 +286,46 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
         return self.command.cog
 
     @discord.utils.cached_property
-    def guild(self):
+    def guild(self) -> Optional[Guild]:
         """Optional[:class:`.Guild`]: Returns the guild associated with this context's command. None if not available."""
         return self.message.guild
 
     @discord.utils.cached_property
-    def channel(self):
+    def channel(self) -> MessageableChannel:
         """Union[:class:`.abc.Messageable`]: Returns the channel associated with this context's command.
         Shorthand for :attr:`.Message.channel`.
         """
         return self.message.channel
 
     @discord.utils.cached_property
-    def author(self):
+    def author(self) -> Union[User, Member]:
         """Union[:class:`~discord.User`, :class:`.Member`]:
         Returns the author associated with this context's command. Shorthand for :attr:`.Message.author`
         """
         return self.message.author
 
     @discord.utils.cached_property
-    def me(self):
+    def me(self) -> Union[Member, ClientUser]:
         """Union[:class:`.Member`, :class:`.ClientUser`]:
         Similar to :attr:`.Guild.me` except it may return the :class:`.ClientUser` in private message contexts.
         """
-        return self.guild.me if self.guild is not None else self.bot.user
+        # bot.user will never be None at this point.
+        return self.guild.me if self.guild is not None else self.bot.user  # type: ignore
 
     @property
-    def voice_client(self):
+    def voice_client(self) -> Optional[VoiceProtocol]:
         r"""Optional[:class:`.VoiceProtocol`]: A shortcut to :attr:`.Guild.voice_client`\, if applicable."""
         g = self.guild
         return g.voice_client if g else None
 
-    async def send_help(self, *args):
+    def author_permissions(self) -> Permissions:
+        """Returns the author permissions in the given channel.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return self.channel.permissions_for(self.author)
+
+    async def send_help(self, *args: Any) -> Any:
         """send_help(entity=<bot>)
 
         |coro|
@@ -319,12 +377,12 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
                 return None
 
         entity = args[0]
-        if entity is None:
-            return None
-
         if isinstance(entity, str):
             entity = bot.get_cog(entity) or bot.get_command(entity)
 
+        if entity is None:
+            return None
+
         try:
             entity.qualified_name
         except AttributeError:
@@ -334,7 +392,7 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
         await cmd.prepare_help_command(self, entity.qualified_name)
 
         try:
-            if hasattr(entity, '__cog_commands__'):
+            if hasattr(entity, "__cog_commands__"):
                 injected = wrap_callback(cmd.send_cog_help)
                 return await injected(entity)
             elif isinstance(entity, Group):
@@ -348,6 +406,97 @@ class Context(discord.abc.Messageable):
         except CommandError as e:
             await cmd.on_help_command_error(self, e)
 
-    @discord.utils.copy_doc(discord.Message.reply)
-    async def reply(self, content=None, **kwargs):
-        return await self.message.reply(content, **kwargs)
+    @overload
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        content: Optional[str] = None,
+        return_message: Literal[False] = False,
+        ephemeral: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Optional[Union[Message, WebhookMessage]]:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def send(
+        self,
+        content: Optional[str] = None,
+        return_message: Literal[True] = True,
+        ephemeral: bool = False,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> Union[Message, WebhookMessage]:
+        ...
+
+    async def send(
+        self, content: Optional[str] = None, return_message: bool = True, ephemeral: bool = False, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Optional[Union[Message, WebhookMessage]]:
+        """
+        |coro|
+
+        A shortcut method to :meth:`.abc.Messageable.send` with interaction helpers.
+
+        This function takes all the parameters of :meth:`.abc.Messageable.send` plus the following:
+
+        Parameters
+        ------------
+        return_message: :class:`bool`
+            Ignored if not in a slash command context.
+            If this is set to False more native interaction methods will be used.
+        ephemeral: :class:`bool`
+            Ignored if not in a slash command context.
+            Indicates if the message should only be visible to the user who started the interaction.
+            If a view is sent with an ephemeral message and it has no timeout set then the timeout
+            is set to 15 minutes.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        Optional[Union[:class:`.Message`, :class:`.WebhookMessage`]]
+            In a slash command context, the message that was sent if return_message is True.
+
+            In a normal context, it always returns a :class:`.Message`
+        """
+
+        if self.interaction is None or (
+            self.interaction.response.responded_at is not None
+            and discord.utils.utcnow() - self.interaction.response.responded_at >= timedelta(minutes=15)
+        ):
+            return await super().send(content, **kwargs)
+
+        # Remove unsupported arguments from kwargs
+        kwargs.pop("nonce", None)
+        kwargs.pop("stickers", None)
+        kwargs.pop("reference", None)
+        kwargs.pop("delete_after", None)
+        kwargs.pop("mention_author", None)
+
+        if not (
+            return_message
+            or self.interaction.response.is_done()
+            or any(arg in kwargs for arg in ("file", "files", "allowed_mentions"))
+        ):
+            send = self.interaction.response.send_message
+        else:
+            # We have to defer in order to use the followup webhook
+            if not self.interaction.response.is_done():
+                await self.interaction.response.defer(ephemeral=ephemeral)
+
+            send = self.interaction.followup.send
+
+        return await send(content, ephemeral=ephemeral, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
+
+    @overload
+    async def reply(
+        self, content: Optional[str] = None, return_message: Literal[False] = False, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Optional[Union[Message, WebhookMessage]]:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    async def reply(
+        self, content: Optional[str] = None, return_message: Literal[True] = True, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Union[Message, WebhookMessage]:
+        ...
+
+    @discord.utils.copy_doc(Message.reply)
+    async def reply(
+        self, content: Optional[str] = None, return_message: bool = True, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Optional[Union[Message, WebhookMessage]]:
+        return await self.send(content, return_message=return_message, reference=self.message, **kwargs)  # type: ignore

discord/ext/commands/converter.py

@@ -48,33 +48,37 @@ from .errors import *
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .context import Context
+    from discord.message import PartialMessageableChannel
 
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Converter',
-    'ObjectConverter',
-    'MemberConverter',
-    'UserConverter',
-    'MessageConverter',
-    'PartialMessageConverter',
-    'TextChannelConverter',
-    'InviteConverter',
-    'GuildConverter',
-    'RoleConverter',
-    'GameConverter',
-    'ColourConverter',
-    'ColorConverter',
-    'VoiceChannelConverter',
-    'StageChannelConverter',
-    'EmojiConverter',
-    'PartialEmojiConverter',
-    'CategoryChannelConverter',
-    'IDConverter',
-    'StoreChannelConverter',
-    'GuildChannelConverter',
-    'clean_content',
-    'Greedy',
-    'run_converters',
+    "Converter",
+    "ObjectConverter",
+    "MemberConverter",
+    "UserConverter",
+    "MessageConverter",
+    "PartialMessageConverter",
+    "TextChannelConverter",
+    "InviteConverter",
+    "GuildConverter",
+    "RoleConverter",
+    "GameConverter",
+    "ColourConverter",
+    "ColorConverter",
+    "VoiceChannelConverter",
+    "StageChannelConverter",
+    "EmojiConverter",
+    "PartialEmojiConverter",
+    "CategoryChannelConverter",
+    "IDConverter",
+    "StoreChannelConverter",
+    "ThreadConverter",
+    "GuildChannelConverter",
+    "GuildStickerConverter",
+    "clean_content",
+    "Greedy",
+    "Option",
+    "run_converters",
 )
 
 
@@ -88,9 +92,12 @@ def _get_from_guilds(bot, getter, argument):
 
 
 _utils_get = discord.utils.get
-T = TypeVar('T')
-T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
-CT = TypeVar('CT', bound=discord.abc.GuildChannel)
+T = TypeVar("T")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
+CT = TypeVar("CT", bound=discord.abc.GuildChannel)
+TT = TypeVar("TT", bound=discord.Thread)
+
+DT = TypeVar("DT", bound=str)
 
 
 @runtime_checkable
@@ -128,10 +135,10 @@ class Converter(Protocol[T_co]):
         :exc:`.BadArgument`
             The converter failed to convert the argument.
         """
-        raise NotImplementedError('Derived classes need to implement this.')
+        raise NotImplementedError("Derived classes need to implement this.")
 
 
-_ID_REGEX = re.compile(r'([0-9]{15,20})$')
+_ID_REGEX = re.compile(r"([0-9]{15,20})$")
 
 
 class IDConverter(Converter[T_co]):
@@ -154,7 +161,7 @@ class ObjectConverter(IDConverter[discord.Object]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.Object:
-        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r'<(?:@(?:!|&)?|#)([0-9]{15,20})>$', argument)
+        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r"<(?:@(?:!|&)?|#)([0-9]{15,20})>$", argument)
 
         if match is None:
             raise ObjectNotFound(argument)
@@ -188,8 +195,8 @@ class MemberConverter(IDConverter[discord.Member]):
 
     async def query_member_named(self, guild, argument):
         cache = guild._state.member_cache_flags.joined
-        if len(argument) > 5 and argument[-5] == '#':
-            username, _, discriminator = argument.rpartition('#')
+        if len(argument) > 5 and argument[-5] == "#":
+            username, _, discriminator = argument.rpartition("#")
             members = await guild.query_members(username, limit=100, cache=cache)
             return discord.utils.get(members, name=username, discriminator=discriminator)
         else:
@@ -219,7 +226,7 @@ class MemberConverter(IDConverter[discord.Member]):
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.Member:
         bot = ctx.bot
-        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r'<@!?([0-9]{15,20})>$', argument)
+        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r"<@!?([0-9]{15,20})>$", argument)
         guild = ctx.guild
         result = None
         user_id = None
@@ -228,13 +235,13 @@ class MemberConverter(IDConverter[discord.Member]):
             if guild:
                 result = guild.get_member_named(argument)
             else:
-                result = _get_from_guilds(bot, 'get_member_named', argument)
+                result = _get_from_guilds(bot, "get_member_named", argument)
         else:
             user_id = int(match.group(1))
             if guild:
                 result = guild.get_member(user_id) or _utils_get(ctx.message.mentions, id=user_id)
             else:
-                result = _get_from_guilds(bot, 'get_member', user_id)
+                result = _get_from_guilds(bot, "get_member", user_id)
 
         if result is None:
             if guild is None:
@@ -272,7 +279,7 @@ class UserConverter(IDConverter[discord.User]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.User:
-        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r'<@!?([0-9]{15,20})>$', argument)
+        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r"<@!?([0-9]{15,20})>$", argument)
         result = None
         state = ctx._state
 
@@ -290,12 +297,12 @@ class UserConverter(IDConverter[discord.User]):
         arg = argument
 
         # Remove the '@' character if this is the first character from the argument
-        if arg[0] == '@':
+        if arg[0] == "@":
             # Remove first character
             arg = arg[1:]
 
         # check for discriminator if it exists,
-        if len(arg) > 5 and arg[-5] == '#':
+        if len(arg) > 5 and arg[-5] == "#":
             discrim = arg[-4:]
             name = arg[:-5]
             predicate = lambda u: u.name == name and u.discriminator == discrim
@@ -325,22 +332,42 @@ class PartialMessageConverter(Converter[discord.PartialMessage]):
     """
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _get_id_matches(argument):
-        id_regex = re.compile(r'(?:(?P<channel_id>[0-9]{15,20})-)?(?P<message_id>[0-9]{15,20})$')
+    def _get_id_matches(ctx, argument):
+        id_regex = re.compile(r"(?:(?P<channel_id>[0-9]{15,20})-)?(?P<message_id>[0-9]{15,20})$")
         link_regex = re.compile(
-            r'https?://(?:(ptb|canary|www)\.)?discord(?:app)?\.com/channels/'
-            r'(?:[0-9]{15,20}|@me)'
-            r'/(?P<channel_id>[0-9]{15,20})/(?P<message_id>[0-9]{15,20})/?$'
+            r"https?://(?:(ptb|canary|www)\.)?discord(?:app)?\.com/channels/"
+            r"(?P<guild_id>[0-9]{15,20}|@me)"
+            r"/(?P<channel_id>[0-9]{15,20})/(?P<message_id>[0-9]{15,20})/?$"
         )
         match = id_regex.match(argument) or link_regex.match(argument)
         if not match:
             raise MessageNotFound(argument)
-        channel_id = match.group('channel_id')
-        return int(match.group('message_id')), int(channel_id) if channel_id else None
+        data = match.groupdict()
+        channel_id = discord.utils._get_as_snowflake(data, "channel_id")
+        message_id = int(data["message_id"])
+        guild_id = data.get("guild_id")
+        if guild_id is None:
+            guild_id = ctx.guild and ctx.guild.id
+        elif guild_id == "@me":
+            guild_id = None
+        else:
+            guild_id = int(guild_id)
+        return guild_id, message_id, channel_id
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _resolve_channel(ctx, guild_id, channel_id) -> Optional[PartialMessageableChannel]:
+        if guild_id is not None:
+            guild = ctx.bot.get_guild(guild_id)
+            if guild is not None and channel_id is not None:
+                return guild._resolve_channel(channel_id)  # type: ignore
+            else:
+                return None
+        else:
+            return ctx.bot.get_channel(channel_id) if channel_id else ctx.channel
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.PartialMessage:
-        message_id, channel_id = self._get_id_matches(argument)
-        channel = ctx.bot.get_channel(channel_id) if channel_id else ctx.channel
+        guild_id, message_id, channel_id = self._get_id_matches(ctx, argument)
+        channel = self._resolve_channel(ctx, guild_id, channel_id)
         if not channel:
             raise ChannelNotFound(channel_id)
         return discord.PartialMessage(channel=channel, id=message_id)
@@ -362,11 +389,11 @@ class MessageConverter(IDConverter[discord.Message]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.Message:
-        message_id, channel_id = PartialMessageConverter._get_id_matches(argument)
+        guild_id, message_id, channel_id = PartialMessageConverter._get_id_matches(ctx, argument)
         message = ctx.bot._connection._get_message(message_id)
         if message:
             return message
-        channel = ctx.bot.get_channel(channel_id) if channel_id else ctx.channel
+        channel = PartialMessageConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, guild_id, channel_id)
         if not channel:
             raise ChannelNotFound(channel_id)
         try:
@@ -393,19 +420,20 @@ class GuildChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.abc.GuildChannel]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.abc.GuildChannel:
-        return self._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, ctx.guild.channels, discord.abc.GuildChannel)
+        return self._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, "channels", discord.abc.GuildChannel)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _resolve_channel(ctx: Context, argument: str, iterable: Iterable[CT], type: Type[CT]) -> CT:
+    def _resolve_channel(ctx: Context, argument: str, attribute: str, type: Type[CT]) -> CT:
         bot = ctx.bot
 
-        match = IDConverter._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r'<#([0-9]{15,20})>$', argument)
+        match = IDConverter._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r"<#([0-9]{15,20})>$", argument)
         result = None
         guild = ctx.guild
 
         if match is None:
             # not a mention
             if guild:
+                iterable: Iterable[CT] = getattr(guild, attribute)
                 result: Optional[CT] = discord.utils.get(iterable, name=argument)
             else:
 
@@ -418,13 +446,36 @@ class GuildChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.abc.GuildChannel]):
             if guild:
                 result = guild.get_channel(channel_id)
             else:
-                result = _get_from_guilds(bot, 'get_channel', channel_id)
+                result = _get_from_guilds(bot, "get_channel", channel_id)
 
         if not isinstance(result, type):
             raise ChannelNotFound(argument)
 
         return result
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _resolve_thread(ctx: Context, argument: str, attribute: str, type: Type[TT]) -> TT:
+        bot = ctx.bot
+
+        match = IDConverter._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r"<#([0-9]{15,20})>$", argument)
+        result = None
+        guild = ctx.guild
+
+        if match is None:
+            # not a mention
+            if guild:
+                iterable: Iterable[TT] = getattr(guild, attribute)
+                result: Optional[TT] = discord.utils.get(iterable, name=argument)
+        else:
+            thread_id = int(match.group(1))
+            if guild:
+                result = guild.get_thread(thread_id)
+
+        if not result or not isinstance(result, type):
+            raise ThreadNotFound(argument)
+
+        return result
+
 
 class TextChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.TextChannel]):
     """Converts to a :class:`~discord.TextChannel`.
@@ -443,7 +494,7 @@ class TextChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.TextChannel]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.TextChannel:
-        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, ctx.guild.text_channels, discord.TextChannel)
+        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, "text_channels", discord.TextChannel)
 
 
 class VoiceChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.VoiceChannel]):
@@ -463,7 +514,7 @@ class VoiceChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.VoiceChannel]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.VoiceChannel:
-        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, ctx.guild.voice_channels, discord.VoiceChannel)
+        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, "voice_channels", discord.VoiceChannel)
 
 
 class StageChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.StageChannel]):
@@ -482,7 +533,7 @@ class StageChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.StageChannel]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.StageChannel:
-        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, ctx.guild.stage_channels, discord.StageChannel)
+        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, "stage_channels", discord.StageChannel)
 
 
 class CategoryChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.CategoryChannel]):
@@ -502,7 +553,7 @@ class CategoryChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.CategoryChannel]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.CategoryChannel:
-        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, ctx.guild.categories, discord.CategoryChannel)
+        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, "categories", discord.CategoryChannel)
 
 
 class StoreChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.StoreChannel]):
@@ -521,7 +572,25 @@ class StoreChannelConverter(IDConverter[discord.StoreChannel]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.StoreChannel:
-        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, ctx.guild.channels, discord.StoreChannel)
+        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_channel(ctx, argument, "channels", discord.StoreChannel)
+
+
+class ThreadConverter(IDConverter[discord.Thread]):
+    """Coverts to a :class:`~discord.Thread`.
+
+    All lookups are via the local guild.
+
+    The lookup strategy is as follows (in order):
+
+    1. Lookup by ID.
+    2. Lookup by mention.
+    3. Lookup by name.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+
+    async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.Thread:
+        return GuildChannelConverter._resolve_thread(ctx, argument, "threads", discord.Thread)
 
 
 class ColourConverter(Converter[discord.Colour]):
@@ -550,10 +619,10 @@ class ColourConverter(Converter[discord.Colour]):
         Added support for ``rgb`` function and 3-digit hex shortcuts
     """
 
-    RGB_REGEX = re.compile(r'rgb\s*\((?P<r>[0-9]{1,3}%?)\s*,\s*(?P<g>[0-9]{1,3}%?)\s*,\s*(?P<b>[0-9]{1,3}%?)\s*\)')
+    RGB_REGEX = re.compile(r"rgb\s*\((?P<r>[0-9]{1,3}%?)\s*,\s*(?P<g>[0-9]{1,3}%?)\s*,\s*(?P<b>[0-9]{1,3}%?)\s*\)")
 
     def parse_hex_number(self, argument):
-        arg = ''.join(i * 2 for i in argument) if len(argument) == 3 else argument
+        arg = "".join(i * 2 for i in argument) if len(argument) == 3 else argument
         try:
             value = int(arg, base=16)
             if not (0 <= value <= 0xFFFFFF):
@@ -564,7 +633,7 @@ class ColourConverter(Converter[discord.Colour]):
             return discord.Color(value=value)
 
     def parse_rgb_number(self, argument, number):
-        if number[-1] == '%':
+        if number[-1] == "%":
             value = int(number[:-1])
             if not (0 <= value <= 100):
                 raise BadColourArgument(argument)
@@ -580,29 +649,29 @@ class ColourConverter(Converter[discord.Colour]):
         if match is None:
             raise BadColourArgument(argument)
 
-        red = self.parse_rgb_number(argument, match.group('r'))
-        green = self.parse_rgb_number(argument, match.group('g'))
-        blue = self.parse_rgb_number(argument, match.group('b'))
+        red = self.parse_rgb_number(argument, match.group("r"))
+        green = self.parse_rgb_number(argument, match.group("g"))
+        blue = self.parse_rgb_number(argument, match.group("b"))
         return discord.Color.from_rgb(red, green, blue)
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.Colour:
-        if argument[0] == '#':
+        if argument[0] == "#":
             return self.parse_hex_number(argument[1:])
 
-        if argument[0:2] == '0x':
+        if argument[0:2] == "0x":
             rest = argument[2:]
             # Legacy backwards compatible syntax
-            if rest.startswith('#'):
+            if rest.startswith("#"):
                 return self.parse_hex_number(rest[1:])
             return self.parse_hex_number(rest)
 
         arg = argument.lower()
-        if arg[0:3] == 'rgb':
+        if arg[0:3] == "rgb":
             return self.parse_rgb(arg)
 
-        arg = arg.replace(' ', '_')
+        arg = arg.replace(" ", "_")
         method = getattr(discord.Colour, arg, None)
-        if arg.startswith('from_') or method is None or not inspect.ismethod(method):
+        if arg.startswith("from_") or method is None or not inspect.ismethod(method):
             raise BadColourArgument(arg)
         return method()
 
@@ -631,7 +700,7 @@ class RoleConverter(IDConverter[discord.Role]):
         if not guild:
             raise NoPrivateMessage()
 
-        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r'<@&([0-9]{15,20})>$', argument)
+        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r"<@&([0-9]{15,20})>$", argument)
         if match:
             result = guild.get_role(int(match.group(1)))
         else:
@@ -663,7 +732,7 @@ class InviteConverter(Converter[discord.Invite]):
             invite = await ctx.bot.fetch_invite(argument)
             return invite
         except Exception as exc:
-            raise BadInviteArgument() from exc
+            raise BadInviteArgument(argument) from exc
 
 
 class GuildConverter(IDConverter[discord.Guild]):
@@ -710,7 +779,7 @@ class EmojiConverter(IDConverter[discord.Emoji]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.Emoji:
-        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r'<a?:[a-zA-Z0-9\_]{1,32}:([0-9]{15,20})>$', argument)
+        match = self._get_id_match(argument) or re.match(r"<a?:[a-zA-Z0-9\_]{1,32}:([0-9]{15,20})>$", argument)
         result = None
         bot = ctx.bot
         guild = ctx.guild
@@ -726,11 +795,7 @@ class EmojiConverter(IDConverter[discord.Emoji]):
             emoji_id = int(match.group(1))
 
             # Try to look up emoji by id.
-            if guild:
-                result = discord.utils.get(guild.emojis, id=emoji_id)
-
-            if result is None:
-                result = discord.utils.get(bot.emojis, id=emoji_id)
+            result = bot.get_emoji(emoji_id)
 
         if result is None:
             raise EmojiNotFound(argument)
@@ -748,7 +813,7 @@ class PartialEmojiConverter(Converter[discord.PartialEmoji]):
     """
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.PartialEmoji:
-        match = re.match(r'<(a?):([a-zA-Z0-9\_]{1,32}):([0-9]{15,20})>$', argument)
+        match = re.match(r"<(a?):([a-zA-Z0-9\_]{1,32}):([0-9]{15,20})>$", argument)
 
         if match:
             emoji_animated = bool(match.group(1))
@@ -762,6 +827,45 @@ class PartialEmojiConverter(Converter[discord.PartialEmoji]):
         raise PartialEmojiConversionFailure(argument)
 
 
+class GuildStickerConverter(IDConverter[discord.GuildSticker]):
+    """Converts to a :class:`~discord.GuildSticker`.
+
+    All lookups are done for the local guild first, if available. If that lookup
+    fails, then it checks the client's global cache.
+
+    The lookup strategy is as follows (in order):
+
+    1. Lookup by ID.
+    3. Lookup by name
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+
+    async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> discord.GuildSticker:
+        match = self._get_id_match(argument)
+        result = None
+        bot = ctx.bot
+        guild = ctx.guild
+
+        if match is None:
+            # Try to get the sticker by name. Try local guild first.
+            if guild:
+                result = discord.utils.get(guild.stickers, name=argument)
+
+            if result is None:
+                result = discord.utils.get(bot.stickers, name=argument)
+        else:
+            sticker_id = int(match.group(1))
+
+            # Try to look up sticker by id.
+            result = bot.get_sticker(sticker_id)
+
+        if result is None:
+            raise GuildStickerNotFound(argument)
+
+        return result
+
+
 class clean_content(Converter[str]):
     """Converts the argument to mention scrubbed version of
     said content.
@@ -782,67 +886,66 @@ class clean_content(Converter[str]):
         .. versionadded:: 1.7
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, *, fix_channel_mentions: bool = False, use_nicknames: bool = True, escape_markdown: bool = False, remove_markdown: bool = False) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        fix_channel_mentions: bool = False,
+        use_nicknames: bool = True,
+        escape_markdown: bool = False,
+        remove_markdown: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
         self.fix_channel_mentions = fix_channel_mentions
         self.use_nicknames = use_nicknames
         self.escape_markdown = escape_markdown
         self.remove_markdown = remove_markdown
 
     async def convert(self, ctx: Context, argument: str) -> str:
-        message = ctx.message
-        transformations = {}
-
-        if self.fix_channel_mentions and ctx.guild:
-
-            def resolve_channel(id, *, _get=ctx.guild.get_channel):
-                ch = _get(id)
-                return f'<#{id}>', ('#' + ch.name if ch else '#deleted-channel')
-
-            transformations.update(resolve_channel(channel) for channel in message.raw_channel_mentions)
-
-        if self.use_nicknames and ctx.guild:
-
-            def resolve_member(id, *, _get=ctx.guild.get_member):
-                m = _get(id)
-                return '@' + m.display_name if m else '@deleted-user'
-
-        else:
-
-            def resolve_member(id, *, _get=ctx.bot.get_user):
-                m = _get(id)
-                return '@' + m.name if m else '@deleted-user'
-
-        # fmt: off
-        transformations.update(
-            (f'<@{member_id}>', resolve_member(member_id))
-            for member_id in message.raw_mentions
-        )
-
-        transformations.update(
-            (f'<@!{member_id}>', resolve_member(member_id))
-            for member_id in message.raw_mentions
-        )
-        # fmt: on
+        msg = ctx.message
 
         if ctx.guild:
 
-            def resolve_role(_id, *, _find=ctx.guild.get_role):
-                r = _find(_id)
-                return '@' + r.name if r else '@deleted-role'
+            def resolve_member(id: int) -> str:
+                m = _utils_get(msg.mentions, id=id) or ctx.guild.get_member(id)
+                return f"@{m.display_name if self.use_nicknames else m.name}" if m else "@deleted-user"
 
-            # fmt: off
-            transformations.update(
-                (f'<@&{role_id}>', resolve_role(role_id))
-                for role_id in message.raw_role_mentions
-            )
-            # fmt: on
+            def resolve_role(id: int) -> str:
+                r = _utils_get(msg.role_mentions, id=id) or ctx.guild.get_role(id)
+                return f"@{r.name}" if r else "@deleted-role"
 
-        def repl(obj):
-            return transformations.get(obj.group(0), '')
+        else:
 
-        pattern = re.compile('|'.join(transformations.keys()))
-        result = pattern.sub(repl, argument)
+            def resolve_member(id: int) -> str:
+                m = _utils_get(msg.mentions, id=id) or ctx.bot.get_user(id)
+                return f"@{m.name}" if m else "@deleted-user"
 
+            def resolve_role(id: int) -> str:
+                return "@deleted-role"
+
+        if self.fix_channel_mentions and ctx.guild:
+
+            def resolve_channel(id: int) -> str:
+                c = ctx.guild.get_channel(id)
+                return f"#{c.name}" if c else "#deleted-channel"
+
+        else:
+
+            def resolve_channel(id: int) -> str:
+                return f"<#{id}>"
+
+        transforms = {
+            "@": resolve_member,
+            "@!": resolve_member,
+            "#": resolve_channel,
+            "@&": resolve_role,
+        }
+
+        def repl(match: re.Match) -> str:
+            type = match[1]
+            id = int(match[2])
+            transformed = transforms[type](id)
+            return transformed
+
+        result = re.sub(r"<(@[!&]?|#)([0-9]{15,20})>", repl, argument)
         if self.escape_markdown:
             result = discord.utils.escape_markdown(result)
         elif self.remove_markdown:
@@ -874,42 +977,86 @@ class Greedy(List[T]):
     For more information, check :ref:`ext_commands_special_converters`.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('converter',)
+    __slots__ = ("converter",)
 
     def __init__(self, *, converter: T):
         self.converter = converter
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        converter = getattr(self.converter, '__name__', repr(self.converter))
-        return f'Greedy[{converter}]'
+        converter = getattr(self.converter, "__name__", repr(self.converter))
+        return f"Greedy[{converter}]"
 
     def __class_getitem__(cls, params: Union[Tuple[T], T]) -> Greedy[T]:
         if not isinstance(params, tuple):
             params = (params,)
         if len(params) != 1:
-            raise TypeError('Greedy[...] only takes a single argument')
+            raise TypeError("Greedy[...] only takes a single argument")
         converter = params[0]
 
-        origin = getattr(converter, '__origin__', None)
-        args = getattr(converter, '__args__', ())
+        origin = getattr(converter, "__origin__", None)
+        args = getattr(converter, "__args__", ())
 
         if not (callable(converter) or isinstance(converter, Converter) or origin is not None):
-            raise TypeError('Greedy[...] expects a type or a Converter instance.')
+            raise TypeError("Greedy[...] expects a type or a Converter instance.")
 
         if converter in (str, type(None)) or origin is Greedy:
-            raise TypeError(f'Greedy[{converter.__name__}] is invalid.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Greedy[{converter.__name__}] is invalid.")
 
         if origin is Union and type(None) in args:
-            raise TypeError(f'Greedy[{converter!r}] is invalid.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Greedy[{converter!r}] is invalid.")
 
         return cls(converter=converter)
 
 
+class Option(Generic[T, DT]):  # type: ignore
+    """A special 'converter' to apply a description to slash command options.
+
+    For example in the following code:
+
+    .. code-block:: python3
+
+        @bot.command()
+        async def ban(ctx,
+            member: discord.Member, *,
+            reason: str = commands.Option('no reason', description='the reason to ban this member')
+        ):
+            await member.ban(reason=reason)
+
+    The description would be ``the reason to ban this member`` and the default would be ``no reason``
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    Attributes
+    ------------
+    default: Optional[Any]
+        The default for this option, overwrites Option during parsing.
+    description: :class:`str`
+        The description for this option, is unpacked to :attr:`.Command.option_descriptions`
+    """
+
+    description: DT
+    default: Union[T, inspect._empty]
+    __slots__ = (
+        "default",
+        "description",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, default: T = inspect.Parameter.empty, *, description: DT) -> None:
+        self.description = description
+        self.default = default
+
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    # Terrible workaround for type checking reasons
+    def Option(default: T = inspect.Parameter.empty, *, description: str) -> T:
+        ...
+
+
 def _convert_to_bool(argument: str) -> bool:
     lowered = argument.lower()
-    if lowered in ('yes', 'y', 'true', 't', '1', 'enable', 'on'):
+    if lowered in ("yes", "y", "true", "t", "1", "enable", "on"):
         return True
-    elif lowered in ('no', 'n', 'false', 'f', '0', 'disable', 'off'):
+    elif lowered in ("no", "n", "false", "f", "0", "disable", "off"):
         return False
     else:
         raise BadBoolArgument(lowered)
@@ -950,7 +1097,9 @@ CONVERTER_MAPPING: Dict[Type[Any], Any] = {
     discord.PartialEmoji: PartialEmojiConverter,
     discord.CategoryChannel: CategoryChannelConverter,
     discord.StoreChannel: StoreChannelConverter,
+    discord.Thread: ThreadConverter,
     discord.abc.GuildChannel: GuildChannelConverter,
+    discord.GuildSticker: GuildStickerConverter,
 }
 
 
@@ -963,7 +1112,7 @@ async def _actual_conversion(ctx: Context, converter, argument: str, param: insp
     except AttributeError:
         pass
     else:
-        if module is not None and (module.startswith('discord.') and not module.endswith('converter')):
+        if module is not None and (module.startswith("discord.") and not module.endswith("converter")):
             converter = CONVERTER_MAPPING.get(converter, converter)
 
     try:
@@ -1022,7 +1171,7 @@ async def run_converters(ctx: Context, converter, argument: str, param: inspect.
     Any
         The resulting conversion.
     """
-    origin = getattr(converter, '__origin__', None)
+    origin = getattr(converter, "__origin__", None)
 
     if origin is Union:
         errors = []

discord/ext/commands/cooldowns.py

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Deque, Dict, Optional, Type, TypeVar, TYPE_CHECKING
 from discord.enums import Enum
 import time
 import asyncio
@@ -30,24 +34,31 @@ from collections import deque
 from ...abc import PrivateChannel
 from .errors import MaxConcurrencyReached
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ...message import Message
+
 __all__ = (
-    'BucketType',
-    'Cooldown',
-    'CooldownMapping',
-    'DynamicCooldownMapping',
-    'MaxConcurrency',
+    "BucketType",
+    "Cooldown",
+    "CooldownMapping",
+    "DynamicCooldownMapping",
+    "MaxConcurrency",
 )
 
-class BucketType(Enum):
-    default  = 0
-    user     = 1
-    guild    = 2
-    channel  = 3
-    member   = 4
-    category = 5
-    role     = 6
+C = TypeVar("C", bound="CooldownMapping")
+MC = TypeVar("MC", bound="MaxConcurrency")
 
-    def get_key(self, msg):
+
+class BucketType(Enum):
+    default = 0
+    user = 1
+    guild = 2
+    channel = 3
+    member = 4
+    category = 5
+    role = 6
+
+    def get_key(self, msg: Message) -> Any:
         if self is BucketType.user:
             return msg.author.id
         elif self is BucketType.guild:
@@ -57,29 +68,52 @@ class BucketType(Enum):
         elif self is BucketType.member:
             return ((msg.guild and msg.guild.id), msg.author.id)
         elif self is BucketType.category:
-            return (msg.channel.category or msg.channel).id
+            return (msg.channel.category or msg.channel).id  # type: ignore
         elif self is BucketType.role:
             # we return the channel id of a private-channel as there are only roles in guilds
             # and that yields the same result as for a guild with only the @everyone role
             # NOTE: PrivateChannel doesn't actually have an id attribute but we assume we are
             # recieving a DMChannel or GroupChannel which inherit from PrivateChannel and do
-            return (msg.channel if isinstance(msg.channel, PrivateChannel) else msg.author.top_role).id
+            return (msg.channel if isinstance(msg.channel, PrivateChannel) else msg.author.top_role).id  # type: ignore
 
-    def __call__(self, msg):
+    def __call__(self, msg: Message) -> Any:
         return self.get_key(msg)
 
 
 class Cooldown:
-    __slots__ = ('rate', 'per', '_window', '_tokens', '_last')
+    """Represents a cooldown for a command.
 
-    def __init__(self, rate, per):
-        self.rate = int(rate)
-        self.per = float(per)
-        self._window = 0.0
-        self._tokens = self.rate
-        self._last = 0.0
+    Attributes
+    -----------
+    rate: :class:`int`
+        The total number of tokens available per :attr:`per` seconds.
+    per: :class:`float`
+        The length of the cooldown period in seconds.
+    """
 
-    def get_tokens(self, current=None):
+    __slots__ = ("rate", "per", "_window", "_tokens", "_last")
+
+    def __init__(self, rate: float, per: float) -> None:
+        self.rate: int = int(rate)
+        self.per: float = float(per)
+        self._window: float = 0.0
+        self._tokens: int = self.rate
+        self._last: float = 0.0
+
+    def get_tokens(self, current: Optional[float] = None) -> int:
+        """Returns the number of available tokens before rate limiting is applied.
+
+        Parameters
+        ------------
+        current: Optional[:class:`float`]
+            The time in seconds since Unix epoch to calculate tokens at.
+            If not supplied then :func:`time.time()` is used.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`int`
+            The number of tokens available before the cooldown is to be applied.
+        """
         if not current:
             current = time.time()
 
@@ -89,7 +123,20 @@ class Cooldown:
             tokens = self.rate
         return tokens
 
-    def get_retry_after(self, current=None):
+    def get_retry_after(self, current: Optional[float] = None) -> float:
+        """Returns the time in seconds until the cooldown will be reset.
+
+        Parameters
+        -------------
+        current: Optional[:class:`float`]
+            The current time in seconds since Unix epoch.
+            If not supplied, then :func:`time.time()` is used.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        :class:`float`
+            The number of seconds to wait before this cooldown will be reset.
+        """
         current = current or time.time()
         tokens = self.get_tokens(current)
 
@@ -98,7 +145,20 @@ class Cooldown:
 
         return 0.0
 
-    def update_rate_limit(self, current=None):
+    def update_rate_limit(self, current: Optional[float] = None) -> Optional[float]:
+        """Updates the cooldown rate limit.
+
+        Parameters
+        -------------
+        current: Optional[:class:`float`]
+            The time in seconds since Unix epoch to update the rate limit at.
+            If not supplied, then :func:`time.time()` is used.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Optional[:class:`float`]
+            The retry-after time in seconds if rate limited.
+        """
         current = current or time.time()
         self._last = current
 
@@ -115,47 +175,59 @@ class Cooldown:
         # we're not so decrement our tokens
         self._tokens -= 1
 
-        # see if we got rate limited due to this token change, and if
-        # so update the window to point to our current time frame
-        if self._tokens == 0:
-            self._window = current
-
-    def reset(self):
+    def reset(self) -> None:
+        """Reset the cooldown to its initial state."""
         self._tokens = self.rate
         self._last = 0.0
 
-    def copy(self):
+    def copy(self) -> Cooldown:
+        """Creates a copy of this cooldown.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Cooldown`
+            A new instance of this cooldown.
+        """
         return Cooldown(self.rate, self.per)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<Cooldown rate: {self.rate} per: {self.per} window: {self._window} tokens: {self._tokens}>'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Cooldown rate: {self.rate} per: {self.per} window: {self._window} tokens: {self._tokens}>"
+
 
 class CooldownMapping:
-    def __init__(self, original, type):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        original: Optional[Cooldown],
+        type: Callable[[Message], Any],
+    ) -> None:
         if not callable(type):
-            raise TypeError('Cooldown type must be a BucketType or callable')
+            raise TypeError("Cooldown type must be a BucketType or callable")
 
-        self._cache = {}
-        self._cooldown = original
-        self._type = type
+        self._cache: Dict[Any, Cooldown] = {}
+        self._cooldown: Optional[Cooldown] = original
+        self._type: Callable[[Message], Any] = type
 
-    def copy(self):
+    def copy(self) -> CooldownMapping:
         ret = CooldownMapping(self._cooldown, self._type)
         ret._cache = self._cache.copy()
         return ret
 
     @property
-    def valid(self):
+    def valid(self) -> bool:
         return self._cooldown is not None
 
+    @property
+    def type(self) -> Callable[[Message], Any]:
+        return self._type
+
     @classmethod
-    def from_cooldown(cls, rate, per, type):
+    def from_cooldown(cls: Type[C], rate, per, type) -> C:
         return cls(Cooldown(rate, per), type)
 
-    def _bucket_key(self, msg):
+    def _bucket_key(self, msg: Message) -> Any:
         return self._type(msg)
 
-    def _verify_cache_integrity(self, current=None):
+    def _verify_cache_integrity(self, current: Optional[float] = None) -> None:
         # we want to delete all cache objects that haven't been used
         # in a cooldown window. e.g. if we have a  command that has a
         # cooldown of 60s and it has not been used in 60s then that key should be deleted
@@ -164,12 +236,12 @@ class CooldownMapping:
         for k in dead_keys:
             del self._cache[k]
 
-    def create_bucket(self, message):
-        return self._cooldown.copy()
+    def create_bucket(self, message: Message) -> Cooldown:
+        return self._cooldown.copy()  # type: ignore
 
-    def get_bucket(self, message, current=None):
+    def get_bucket(self, message: Message, current: Optional[float] = None) -> Cooldown:
         if self._type is BucketType.default:
-            return self._cooldown
+            return self._cooldown  # type: ignore
 
         self._verify_cache_integrity(current)
         key = self._bucket_key(message)
@@ -182,28 +254,29 @@ class CooldownMapping:
 
         return bucket
 
-    def update_rate_limit(self, message, current=None):
+    def update_rate_limit(self, message: Message, current: Optional[float] = None) -> Optional[float]:
         bucket = self.get_bucket(message, current)
         return bucket.update_rate_limit(current)
 
+
 class DynamicCooldownMapping(CooldownMapping):
-
-    def __init__(self, factory, type):
+    def __init__(self, factory: Callable[[Message], Cooldown], type: Callable[[Message], Any]) -> None:
         super().__init__(None, type)
-        self._factory = factory
+        self._factory: Callable[[Message], Cooldown] = factory
 
-    def copy(self):
+    def copy(self) -> DynamicCooldownMapping:
         ret = DynamicCooldownMapping(self._factory, self._type)
         ret._cache = self._cache.copy()
         return ret
 
     @property
-    def valid(self):
+    def valid(self) -> bool:
         return True
 
-    def create_bucket(self, message):
+    def create_bucket(self, message: Message) -> Cooldown:
         return self._factory(message)
 
+
 class _Semaphore:
     """This class is a version of a semaphore.
 
@@ -217,30 +290,30 @@ class _Semaphore:
     overkill for what is basically a counter.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('value', 'loop', '_waiters')
+    __slots__ = ("value", "loop", "_waiters")
 
-    def __init__(self, number):
-        self.value = number
-        self.loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
-        self._waiters = deque()
+    def __init__(self, number: int) -> None:
+        self.value: int = number
+        self.loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
+        self._waiters: Deque[asyncio.Future] = deque()
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<_Semaphore value={self.value} waiters={len(self._waiters)}>'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<_Semaphore value={self.value} waiters={len(self._waiters)}>"
 
-    def locked(self):
+    def locked(self) -> bool:
         return self.value == 0
 
-    def is_active(self):
+    def is_active(self) -> bool:
         return len(self._waiters) > 0
 
-    def wake_up(self):
+    def wake_up(self) -> None:
         while self._waiters:
             future = self._waiters.popleft()
             if not future.done():
                 future.set_result(None)
                 return
 
-    async def acquire(self, *, wait=False):
+    async def acquire(self, *, wait: bool = False) -> bool:
         if not wait and self.value <= 0:
             # signal that we're not acquiring
             return False
@@ -259,35 +332,36 @@ class _Semaphore:
         self.value -= 1
         return True
 
-    def release(self):
+    def release(self) -> None:
         self.value += 1
         self.wake_up()
 
-class MaxConcurrency:
-    __slots__ = ('number', 'per', 'wait', '_mapping')
 
-    def __init__(self, number, *, per, wait):
-        self._mapping = {}
-        self.per = per
-        self.number = number
-        self.wait = wait
+class MaxConcurrency:
+    __slots__ = ("number", "per", "wait", "_mapping")
+
+    def __init__(self, number: int, *, per: BucketType, wait: bool) -> None:
+        self._mapping: Dict[Any, _Semaphore] = {}
+        self.per: BucketType = per
+        self.number: int = number
+        self.wait: bool = wait
 
         if number <= 0:
-            raise ValueError('max_concurrency \'number\' cannot be less than 1')
+            raise ValueError("max_concurrency 'number' cannot be less than 1")
 
         if not isinstance(per, BucketType):
-            raise TypeError(f'max_concurrency \'per\' must be of type BucketType not {type(per)!r}')
+            raise TypeError(f"max_concurrency 'per' must be of type BucketType not {type(per)!r}")
 
-    def copy(self):
+    def copy(self: MC) -> MC:
         return self.__class__(self.number, per=self.per, wait=self.wait)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<MaxConcurrency per={self.per!r} number={self.number} wait={self.wait}>'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<MaxConcurrency per={self.per!r} number={self.number} wait={self.wait}>"
 
-    def get_key(self, message):
+    def get_key(self, message: Message) -> Any:
         return self.per.get_key(message)
 
-    async def acquire(self, message):
+    async def acquire(self, message: Message) -> None:
         key = self.get_key(message)
 
         try:
@@ -299,7 +373,7 @@ class MaxConcurrency:
         if not acquired:
             raise MaxConcurrencyReached(self.number, self.per)
 
-    async def release(self, message):
+    async def release(self, message: Message) -> None:
         # Technically there's no reason for this function to be async
         # But it might be more useful in the future
         key = self.get_key(message)

discord/ext/commands/flags.py

@@ -59,9 +59,9 @@ import sys
 import re
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Flag',
-    'flag',
-    'FlagConverter',
+    "Flag",
+    "flag",
+    "FlagConverter",
 )
 
 
@@ -148,20 +148,20 @@ def flag(
 
 def validate_flag_name(name: str, forbidden: Set[str]):
     if not name:
-        raise ValueError('flag names should not be empty')
+        raise ValueError("flag names should not be empty")
 
     for ch in name:
         if ch.isspace():
-            raise ValueError(f'flag name {name!r} cannot have spaces')
-        if ch == '\\':
-            raise ValueError(f'flag name {name!r} cannot have backslashes')
+            raise ValueError(f"flag name {name!r} cannot have spaces")
+        if ch == "\\":
+            raise ValueError(f"flag name {name!r} cannot have backslashes")
         if ch in forbidden:
-            raise ValueError(f'flag name {name!r} cannot have any of {forbidden!r} within them')
+            raise ValueError(f"flag name {name!r} cannot have any of {forbidden!r} within them")
 
 
 def get_flags(namespace: Dict[str, Any], globals: Dict[str, Any], locals: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Flag]:
-    annotations = namespace.get('__annotations__', {})
-    case_insensitive = namespace['__commands_flag_case_insensitive__']
+    annotations = namespace.get("__annotations__", {})
+    case_insensitive = namespace["__commands_flag_case_insensitive__"]
     flags: Dict[str, Flag] = {}
     cache: Dict[str, Any] = {}
     names: Set[str] = set()
@@ -178,7 +178,11 @@ def get_flags(namespace: Dict[str, Any], globals: Dict[str, Any], locals: Dict[s
 
         annotation = flag.annotation = resolve_annotation(flag.annotation, globals, locals, cache)
 
-        if flag.default is MISSING and hasattr(annotation, '__commands_is_flag__') and annotation._can_be_constructible():
+        if (
+            flag.default is MISSING
+            and hasattr(annotation, "__commands_is_flag__")
+            and annotation._can_be_constructible()
+        ):
             flag.default = annotation._construct_default
 
         if flag.aliases is MISSING:
@@ -229,7 +233,7 @@ def get_flags(namespace: Dict[str, Any], globals: Dict[str, Any], locals: Dict[s
                 if flag.max_args is MISSING:
                     flag.max_args = 1
             else:
-                raise TypeError(f'Unsupported typing annotation {annotation!r} for {flag.name!r} flag')
+                raise TypeError(f"Unsupported typing annotation {annotation!r} for {flag.name!r} flag")
 
         if flag.override is MISSING:
             flag.override = False
@@ -237,7 +241,7 @@ def get_flags(namespace: Dict[str, Any], globals: Dict[str, Any], locals: Dict[s
         # Validate flag names are unique
         name = flag.name.casefold() if case_insensitive else flag.name
         if name in names:
-            raise TypeError(f'{flag.name!r} flag conflicts with previous flag or alias.')
+            raise TypeError(f"{flag.name!r} flag conflicts with previous flag or alias.")
         else:
             names.add(name)
 
@@ -245,7 +249,7 @@ def get_flags(namespace: Dict[str, Any], globals: Dict[str, Any], locals: Dict[s
             # Validate alias is unique
             alias = alias.casefold() if case_insensitive else alias
             if alias in names:
-                raise TypeError(f'{flag.name!r} flag alias {alias!r} conflicts with previous flag or alias.')
+                raise TypeError(f"{flag.name!r} flag alias {alias!r} conflicts with previous flag or alias.")
             else:
                 names.add(alias)
 
@@ -274,10 +278,10 @@ class FlagsMeta(type):
         delimiter: str = MISSING,
         prefix: str = MISSING,
     ):
-        attrs['__commands_is_flag__'] = True
+        attrs["__commands_is_flag__"] = True
 
         try:
-            global_ns = sys.modules[attrs['__module__']].__dict__
+            global_ns = sys.modules[attrs["__module__"]].__dict__
         except KeyError:
             global_ns = {}
 
@@ -296,26 +300,26 @@ class FlagsMeta(type):
         flags: Dict[str, Flag] = {}
         aliases: Dict[str, str] = {}
         for base in reversed(bases):
-            if base.__dict__.get('__commands_is_flag__', False):
-                flags.update(base.__dict__['__commands_flags__'])
-                aliases.update(base.__dict__['__commands_flag_aliases__'])
+            if base.__dict__.get("__commands_is_flag__", False):
+                flags.update(base.__dict__["__commands_flags__"])
+                aliases.update(base.__dict__["__commands_flag_aliases__"])
                 if case_insensitive is MISSING:
-                    attrs['__commands_flag_case_insensitive__'] = base.__dict__['__commands_flag_case_insensitive__']
+                    attrs["__commands_flag_case_insensitive__"] = base.__dict__["__commands_flag_case_insensitive__"]
                 if delimiter is MISSING:
-                    attrs['__commands_flag_delimiter__'] = base.__dict__['__commands_flag_delimiter__']
+                    attrs["__commands_flag_delimiter__"] = base.__dict__["__commands_flag_delimiter__"]
                 if prefix is MISSING:
-                    attrs['__commands_flag_prefix__'] = base.__dict__['__commands_flag_prefix__']
+                    attrs["__commands_flag_prefix__"] = base.__dict__["__commands_flag_prefix__"]
 
         if case_insensitive is not MISSING:
-            attrs['__commands_flag_case_insensitive__'] = case_insensitive
+            attrs["__commands_flag_case_insensitive__"] = case_insensitive
         if delimiter is not MISSING:
-            attrs['__commands_flag_delimiter__'] = delimiter
+            attrs["__commands_flag_delimiter__"] = delimiter
         if prefix is not MISSING:
-            attrs['__commands_flag_prefix__'] = prefix
+            attrs["__commands_flag_prefix__"] = prefix
 
-        case_insensitive = attrs.setdefault('__commands_flag_case_insensitive__', False)
-        delimiter = attrs.setdefault('__commands_flag_delimiter__', ':')
-        prefix = attrs.setdefault('__commands_flag_prefix__', '')
+        case_insensitive = attrs.setdefault("__commands_flag_case_insensitive__", False)
+        delimiter = attrs.setdefault("__commands_flag_delimiter__", ":")
+        prefix = attrs.setdefault("__commands_flag_prefix__", "")
 
         for flag_name, flag in get_flags(attrs, global_ns, local_ns).items():
             flags[flag_name] = flag
@@ -337,11 +341,11 @@ class FlagsMeta(type):
         keys.extend(re.escape(a) for a in aliases)
         keys = sorted(keys, key=lambda t: len(t), reverse=True)
 
-        joined = '|'.join(keys)
-        pattern = re.compile(f'(({re.escape(prefix)})(?P<flag>{joined}){re.escape(delimiter)})', regex_flags)
-        attrs['__commands_flag_regex__'] = pattern
-        attrs['__commands_flags__'] = flags
-        attrs['__commands_flag_aliases__'] = aliases
+        joined = "|".join(keys)
+        pattern = re.compile(f"(({re.escape(prefix)})(?P<flag>{joined}){re.escape(delimiter)})", regex_flags)
+        attrs["__commands_flag_regex__"] = pattern
+        attrs["__commands_flags__"] = flags
+        attrs["__commands_flag_aliases__"] = aliases
 
         return type.__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
 
@@ -432,7 +436,7 @@ async def convert_flag(ctx, argument: str, flag: Flag, annotation: Any = None) -
         raise BadFlagArgument(flag) from e
 
 
-F = TypeVar('F', bound='FlagConverter')
+F = TypeVar("F", bound="FlagConverter")
 
 
 class FlagConverter(metaclass=FlagsMeta):
@@ -493,8 +497,8 @@ class FlagConverter(metaclass=FlagsMeta):
         return self
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        pairs = ' '.join([f'{flag.attribute}={getattr(self, flag.attribute)!r}' for flag in self.get_flags().values()])
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} {pairs}>'
+        pairs = " ".join([f"{flag.attribute}={getattr(self, flag.attribute)!r}" for flag in self.get_flags().values()])
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {pairs}>"
 
     @classmethod
     def parse_flags(cls, argument: str) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
@@ -507,7 +511,7 @@ class FlagConverter(metaclass=FlagsMeta):
         case_insensitive = cls.__commands_flag_case_insensitive__
         for match in cls.__commands_flag_regex__.finditer(argument):
             begin, end = match.span(0)
-            key = match.group('flag')
+            key = match.group("flag")
             if case_insensitive:
                 key = key.casefold()
 

discord/ext/commands/help.py

@@ -27,16 +27,22 @@ import copy
 import functools
 import inspect
 import re
+
+from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+
 import discord.utils
 
 from .core import Group, Command
 from .errors import CommandError
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .context import Context
+
 __all__ = (
-    'Paginator',
-    'HelpCommand',
-    'DefaultHelpCommand',
-    'MinimalHelpCommand',
+    "Paginator",
+    "HelpCommand",
+    "DefaultHelpCommand",
+    "MinimalHelpCommand",
 )
 
 # help -> shows info of bot on top/bottom and lists subcommands
@@ -83,7 +89,7 @@ class Paginator:
             .. versionadded:: 1.7
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, prefix='```', suffix='```', max_size=2000, linesep='\n'):
+    def __init__(self, prefix="```", suffix="```", max_size=2000, linesep="\n"):
         self.prefix = prefix
         self.suffix = suffix
         self.max_size = max_size
@@ -112,7 +118,7 @@ class Paginator:
     def _linesep_len(self):
         return len(self.linesep)
 
-    def add_line(self, line='', *, empty=False):
+    def add_line(self, line="", *, empty=False):
         """Adds a line to the current page.
 
         If the line exceeds the :attr:`max_size` then an exception
@@ -132,7 +138,7 @@ class Paginator:
         """
         max_page_size = self.max_size - self._prefix_len - self._suffix_len - 2 * self._linesep_len
         if len(line) > max_page_size:
-            raise RuntimeError(f'Line exceeds maximum page size {max_page_size}')
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Line exceeds maximum page size {max_page_size}")
 
         if self._count + len(line) + self._linesep_len > self.max_size - self._suffix_len:
             self.close_page()
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@ class Paginator:
         self._current_page.append(line)
 
         if empty:
-            self._current_page.append('')
+            self._current_page.append("")
             self._count += self._linesep_len
 
     def close_page(self):
@@ -170,7 +176,7 @@ class Paginator:
         return self._pages
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        fmt = '<Paginator prefix: {0.prefix!r} suffix: {0.suffix!r} linesep: {0.linesep!r} max_size: {0.max_size} count: {0._count}>'
+        fmt = "<Paginator prefix: {0.prefix!r} suffix: {0.suffix!r} linesep: {0.linesep!r} max_size: {0.max_size} count: {0._count}>"
         return fmt.format(self)
 
 
@@ -191,7 +197,7 @@ class _HelpCommandImpl(Command):
         self.callback = injected.command_callback
 
         on_error = injected.on_help_command_error
-        if not hasattr(on_error, '__help_command_not_overriden__'):
+        if not hasattr(on_error, "__help_command_not_overriden__"):
             if self.cog is not None:
                 self.on_error = self._on_error_cog_implementation
             else:
@@ -218,7 +224,7 @@ class _HelpCommandImpl(Command):
         try:
             del result[next(iter(result))]
         except StopIteration:
-            raise ValueError('Missing context parameter') from None
+            raise ValueError("Missing context parameter") from None
         else:
             return result
 
@@ -290,13 +296,13 @@ class HelpCommand:
     """
 
     MENTION_TRANSFORMS = {
-        '@everyone': '@\u200beveryone',
-        '@here': '@\u200bhere',
-        r'<@!?[0-9]{17,22}>': '@deleted-user',
-        r'<@&[0-9]{17,22}>': '@deleted-role',
+        "@everyone": "@\u200beveryone",
+        "@here": "@\u200bhere",
+        r"<@!?[0-9]{17,22}>": "@deleted-user",
+        r"<@&[0-9]{17,22}>": "@deleted-role",
     }
 
-    MENTION_PATTERN = re.compile('|'.join(MENTION_TRANSFORMS.keys()))
+    MENTION_PATTERN = re.compile("|".join(MENTION_TRANSFORMS.keys()))
 
     def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
         # To prevent race conditions of a single instance while also allowing
@@ -315,12 +321,12 @@ class HelpCommand:
         return self
 
     def __init__(self, **options):
-        self.show_hidden = options.pop('show_hidden', False)
-        self.verify_checks = options.pop('verify_checks', True)
-        self.command_attrs = attrs = options.pop('command_attrs', {})
-        attrs.setdefault('name', 'help')
-        attrs.setdefault('help', 'Shows this message')
-        self.context = None
+        self.show_hidden = options.pop("show_hidden", False)
+        self.verify_checks = options.pop("verify_checks", True)
+        self.command_attrs = attrs = options.pop("command_attrs", {})
+        attrs.setdefault("name", "help")
+        attrs.setdefault("help", "Shows this message")
+        self.context: Context = discord.utils.MISSING
         self._command_impl = _HelpCommandImpl(self, **self.command_attrs)
 
     def copy(self):
@@ -416,20 +422,20 @@ class HelpCommand:
             if not parent.signature or parent.invoke_without_command:
                 entries.append(parent.name)
             else:
-                entries.append(parent.name + ' ' + parent.signature)
+                entries.append(parent.name + " " + parent.signature)
             parent = parent.parent
-        parent_sig = ' '.join(reversed(entries))
+        parent_sig = " ".join(reversed(entries))
 
         if len(command.aliases) > 0:
-            aliases = '|'.join(command.aliases)
-            fmt = f'[{command.name}|{aliases}]'
+            aliases = "|".join(command.aliases)
+            fmt = f"[{command.name}|{aliases}]"
             if parent_sig:
-                fmt = parent_sig + ' ' + fmt
+                fmt = parent_sig + " " + fmt
             alias = fmt
         else:
-            alias = command.name if not parent_sig else parent_sig + ' ' + command.name
+            alias = command.name if not parent_sig else parent_sig + " " + command.name
 
-        return f'{self.context.clean_prefix}{alias} {command.signature}'
+        return f"{self.context.clean_prefix}{alias} {command.signature}"
 
     def remove_mentions(self, string):
         """Removes mentions from the string to prevent abuse.
@@ -443,7 +449,7 @@ class HelpCommand:
         """
 
         def replace(obj, *, transforms=self.MENTION_TRANSFORMS):
-            return transforms.get(obj.group(0), '@invalid')
+            return transforms.get(obj.group(0), "@invalid")
 
         return self.MENTION_PATTERN.sub(replace, string)
 
@@ -609,7 +615,7 @@ class HelpCommand:
         :class:`.abc.Messageable`
             The destination where the help command will be output.
         """
-        return self.context.channel
+        return self.context
 
     async def send_error_message(self, error):
         """|coro|
@@ -840,7 +846,7 @@ class HelpCommand:
         # Since we want to have detailed errors when someone
         # passes an invalid subcommand, we need to walk through
         # the command group chain ourselves.
-        keys = command.split(' ')
+        keys = command.split(" ")
         cmd = bot.all_commands.get(keys[0])
         if cmd is None:
             string = await maybe_coro(self.command_not_found, self.remove_mentions(keys[0]))
@@ -901,14 +907,14 @@ class DefaultHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, **options):
-        self.width = options.pop('width', 80)
-        self.indent = options.pop('indent', 2)
-        self.sort_commands = options.pop('sort_commands', True)
-        self.dm_help = options.pop('dm_help', False)
-        self.dm_help_threshold = options.pop('dm_help_threshold', 1000)
-        self.commands_heading = options.pop('commands_heading', "Commands:")
-        self.no_category = options.pop('no_category', 'No Category')
-        self.paginator = options.pop('paginator', None)
+        self.width = options.pop("width", 80)
+        self.indent = options.pop("indent", 2)
+        self.sort_commands = options.pop("sort_commands", True)
+        self.dm_help = options.pop("dm_help", False)
+        self.dm_help_threshold = options.pop("dm_help_threshold", 1000)
+        self.commands_heading = options.pop("commands_heading", "Commands:")
+        self.no_category = options.pop("no_category", "No Category")
+        self.paginator = options.pop("paginator", None)
 
         if self.paginator is None:
             self.paginator = Paginator()
@@ -918,7 +924,7 @@ class DefaultHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
     def shorten_text(self, text):
         """:class:`str`: Shortens text to fit into the :attr:`width`."""
         if len(text) > self.width:
-            return text[:self.width - 3].rstrip() + '...'
+            return text[: self.width - 3].rstrip() + "..."
         return text
 
     def get_ending_note(self):
@@ -971,6 +977,10 @@ class DefaultHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
         for page in self.paginator.pages:
             await destination.send(page)
 
+        interaction = self.context.interaction
+        if interaction is not None and destination == self.context.author and not interaction.response.is_done():
+            await interaction.response.send_message("Sent help to your DMs!", ephemeral=True)
+
     def add_command_formatting(self, command):
         """A utility function to format the non-indented block of commands and groups.
 
@@ -1001,7 +1011,7 @@ class DefaultHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
         elif self.dm_help is None and len(self.paginator) > self.dm_help_threshold:
             return ctx.author
         else:
-            return ctx.channel
+            return ctx
 
     async def prepare_help_command(self, ctx, command):
         self.paginator.clear()
@@ -1015,11 +1025,11 @@ class DefaultHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
             # <description> portion
             self.paginator.add_line(bot.description, empty=True)
 
-        no_category = f'\u200b{self.no_category}:'
+        no_category = f"\u200b{self.no_category}:"
 
         def get_category(command, *, no_category=no_category):
             cog = command.cog
-            return cog.qualified_name + ':' if cog is not None else no_category
+            return cog.qualified_name + ":" if cog is not None else no_category
 
         filtered = await self.filter_commands(bot.commands, sort=True, key=get_category)
         max_size = self.get_max_size(filtered)
@@ -1104,13 +1114,13 @@ class MinimalHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
     """
 
     def __init__(self, **options):
-        self.sort_commands = options.pop('sort_commands', True)
-        self.commands_heading = options.pop('commands_heading', "Commands")
-        self.dm_help = options.pop('dm_help', False)
-        self.dm_help_threshold = options.pop('dm_help_threshold', 1000)
-        self.aliases_heading = options.pop('aliases_heading', "Aliases:")
-        self.no_category = options.pop('no_category', 'No Category')
-        self.paginator = options.pop('paginator', None)
+        self.sort_commands = options.pop("sort_commands", True)
+        self.commands_heading = options.pop("commands_heading", "Commands")
+        self.dm_help = options.pop("dm_help", False)
+        self.dm_help_threshold = options.pop("dm_help_threshold", 1000)
+        self.aliases_heading = options.pop("aliases_heading", "Aliases:")
+        self.no_category = options.pop("no_category", "No Category")
+        self.paginator = options.pop("paginator", None)
 
         if self.paginator is None:
             self.paginator = Paginator(suffix=None, prefix=None)
@@ -1143,7 +1153,7 @@ class MinimalHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
         )
 
     def get_command_signature(self, command):
-        return f'{self.context.clean_prefix}{command.qualified_name} {command.signature}'
+        return f"{self.context.clean_prefix}{command.qualified_name} {command.signature}"
 
     def get_ending_note(self):
         """Return the help command's ending note. This is mainly useful to override for i18n purposes.
@@ -1174,8 +1184,8 @@ class MinimalHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
         """
         if commands:
             # U+2002 Middle Dot
-            joined = '\u2002'.join(c.name for c in commands)
-            self.paginator.add_line(f'__**{heading}**__')
+            joined = "\u2002".join(c.name for c in commands)
+            self.paginator.add_line(f"__**{heading}**__")
             self.paginator.add_line(joined)
 
     def add_subcommand_formatting(self, command):
@@ -1191,7 +1201,7 @@ class MinimalHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
         command: :class:`Command`
             The command to show information of.
         """
-        fmt = '{0}{1} \N{EN DASH} {2}' if command.short_doc else '{0}{1}'
+        fmt = "{0}{1} \N{EN DASH} {2}" if command.short_doc else "{0}{1}"
         self.paginator.add_line(fmt.format(self.context.clean_prefix, command.qualified_name, command.short_doc))
 
     def add_aliases_formatting(self, aliases):
@@ -1262,7 +1272,7 @@ class MinimalHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
         if note:
             self.paginator.add_line(note, empty=True)
 
-        no_category = f'\u200b{self.no_category}'
+        no_category = f"\u200b{self.no_category}"
 
         def get_category(command, *, no_category=no_category):
             cog = command.cog
@@ -1296,7 +1306,7 @@ class MinimalHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
 
         filtered = await self.filter_commands(cog.get_commands(), sort=self.sort_commands)
         if filtered:
-            self.paginator.add_line(f'**{cog.qualified_name} {self.commands_heading}**')
+            self.paginator.add_line(f"**{cog.qualified_name} {self.commands_heading}**")
             for command in filtered:
                 self.add_subcommand_formatting(command)
 
@@ -1316,7 +1326,7 @@ class MinimalHelpCommand(HelpCommand):
             if note:
                 self.paginator.add_line(note, empty=True)
 
-            self.paginator.add_line(f'**{self.commands_heading}**')
+            self.paginator.add_line(f"**{self.commands_heading}**")
             for command in filtered:
                 self.add_subcommand_formatting(command)
 

discord/ext/commands/view.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 from .errors import UnexpectedQuoteError, InvalidEndOfQuotedStringError, ExpectedClosingQuoteError
 
 # map from opening quotes to closing quotes
-_quotes = {
+supported_quotes = {
     '"': '"',
     "‘": "’",
     "‚": "‛",
@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ _quotes = {
     "《": "》",
     "〈": "〉",
 }
-_all_quotes = set(_quotes.keys()) | set(_quotes.values())
+_all_quotes = set(supported_quotes.keys()) | set(supported_quotes.values())
+
 
 class StringView:
     def __init__(self, buffer):
@@ -81,20 +82,20 @@ class StringView:
 
     def skip_string(self, string):
         strlen = len(string)
-        if self.buffer[self.index:self.index + strlen] == string:
+        if self.buffer[self.index : self.index + strlen] == string:
             self.previous = self.index
             self.index += strlen
             return True
         return False
 
     def read_rest(self):
-        result = self.buffer[self.index:]
+        result = self.buffer[self.index :]
         self.previous = self.index
         self.index = self.end
         return result
 
     def read(self, n):
-        result = self.buffer[self.index:self.index + n]
+        result = self.buffer[self.index : self.index + n]
         self.previous = self.index
         self.index += n
         return result
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ class StringView:
             except IndexError:
                 break
         self.previous = self.index
-        result = self.buffer[self.index:self.index + pos]
+        result = self.buffer[self.index : self.index + pos]
         self.index += pos
         return result
 
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ class StringView:
         if current is None:
             return None
 
-        close_quote = _quotes.get(current)
+        close_quote = supported_quotes.get(current)
         is_quoted = bool(close_quote)
         if is_quoted:
             result = []
@@ -144,11 +145,11 @@ class StringView:
                 if is_quoted:
                     # unexpected EOF
                     raise ExpectedClosingQuoteError(close_quote)
-                return ''.join(result)
+                return "".join(result)
 
             # currently we accept strings in the format of "hello world"
             # to embed a quote inside the string you must escape it: "a \"world\""
-            if current == '\\':
+            if current == "\\":
                 next_char = self.get()
                 if not next_char:
                     # string ends with \ and no character after it
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@ class StringView:
                         # if we're quoted then we're expecting a closing quote
                         raise ExpectedClosingQuoteError(close_quote)
                     # if we aren't then we just let it through
-                    return ''.join(result)
+                    return "".join(result)
 
                 if next_char in _escaped_quotes:
                     # escaped quote
@@ -179,14 +180,13 @@ class StringView:
                     raise InvalidEndOfQuotedStringError(next_char)
 
                 # we're quoted so it's okay
-                return ''.join(result)
+                return "".join(result)
 
             if current.isspace() and not is_quoted:
                 # end of word found
-                return ''.join(result)
+                return "".join(result)
 
             result.append(current)
 
-
     def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<StringView pos: {self.index} prev: {self.previous} end: {self.end} eof: {self.eof}>'
+        return f"<StringView pos: {self.index} prev: {self.previous} end: {self.end} eof: {self.eof}>"

discord/ext/tasks/__init__.py

@@ -27,24 +27,20 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import datetime
 from typing import (
-    Any, 
-    Awaitable, 
+    Any,
+    Awaitable,
     Callable,
-    Coroutine, 
     Generic,
-    List, 
+    List,
     Optional,
-    TYPE_CHECKING, 
-    Type, 
+    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
-    cast,
 )
 
 import aiohttp
 import discord
 import inspect
-import logging
 import sys
 import traceback
 
@@ -52,30 +48,17 @@ from collections.abc import Sequence
 from discord.backoff import ExponentialBackoff
 from discord.utils import MISSING
 
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from typing_extensions import Concatenate, ParamSpec
+__all__ = ("loop",)
 
-    P = ParamSpec("P")
-else:
-    P = TypeVar("P")  # hacky runtime fix
-
-log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-__all__ = (
-    'loop',
-)
-
-C = TypeVar('C')
-T = TypeVar('T')
-_coro = Coroutine[Any, Any, T]
+T = TypeVar("T")
 _func = Callable[..., Awaitable[Any]]
-FT = TypeVar('FT', bound=_func)
-ET = TypeVar('ET', bound=Callable[[Any, BaseException], Awaitable[Any]])
-LT = TypeVar('LT', bound='Loop')
+LF = TypeVar("LF", bound=_func)
+FT = TypeVar("FT", bound=_func)
+ET = TypeVar("ET", bound=Callable[[Any, BaseException], Awaitable[Any]])
 
 
 class SleepHandle:
-    __slots__ = ('future', 'loop', 'handle')
+    __slots__ = ("future", "loop", "handle")
 
     def __init__(self, dt: datetime.datetime, *, loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop) -> None:
         self.loop = loop
@@ -88,7 +71,7 @@ class SleepHandle:
         relative_delta = discord.utils.compute_timedelta(dt)
         self.handle = self.loop.call_later(relative_delta, self.future.set_result, True)
 
-    def wait(self) -> asyncio.Future:
+    def wait(self) -> asyncio.Future[Any]:
         return self.future
 
     def done(self) -> bool:
@@ -99,29 +82,31 @@ class SleepHandle:
         self.future.cancel()
 
 
-class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
+class Loop(Generic[LF]):
     """A background task helper that abstracts the loop and reconnection logic for you.
 
     The main interface to create this is through :func:`loop`.
     """
-    def __init__(self,
-        coro: Callable[P, _coro[T]],
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        coro: LF,
         seconds: float,
         hours: float,
         minutes: float,
         time: Union[datetime.time, Sequence[datetime.time]],
         count: Optional[int],
         reconnect: bool,
-        loop: Optional[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop],
+        loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop,
     ) -> None:
-        self.coro: Callable[P, _coro[T]] = coro
+        self.coro: LF = coro
         self.reconnect: bool = reconnect
-        self.loop: Optional[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] = loop
+        self.loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = loop
         self.count: Optional[int] = count
         self._current_loop = 0
-        self._handle = None
-        self._task = None
-        self._injected: Optional[C] = None
+        self._handle: SleepHandle = MISSING
+        self._task: asyncio.Task[None] = MISSING
+        self._injected = None
         self._valid_exception = (
             OSError,
             discord.GatewayNotFound,
@@ -137,18 +122,18 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         self._stop_next_iteration = False
 
         if self.count is not None and self.count <= 0:
-            raise ValueError('count must be greater than 0 or None.')
+            raise ValueError("count must be greater than 0 or None.")
 
         self.change_interval(seconds=seconds, minutes=minutes, hours=hours, time=time)
         self._last_iteration_failed = False
-        self._last_iteration = None
+        self._last_iteration: datetime.datetime = MISSING
         self._next_iteration = None
 
         if not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(self.coro):
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected coroutine function, not {type(self.coro).__name__!r}.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected coroutine function, not {type(self.coro).__name__!r}.")
 
     async def _call_loop_function(self, name: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        coro = getattr(self, '_' + name)
+        coro = getattr(self, "_" + name)
         if coro is None:
             return
 
@@ -157,14 +142,13 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         else:
             await coro(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    
     def _try_sleep_until(self, dt: datetime.datetime):
-        self._handle = SleepHandle(dt=dt, loop=self.loop)  # type: ignore
+        self._handle = SleepHandle(dt=dt, loop=self.loop)
         return self._handle.wait()
 
     async def _loop(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         backoff = ExponentialBackoff()
-        await self._call_loop_function('before_loop')
+        await self._call_loop_function("before_loop")
         self._last_iteration_failed = False
         if self._time is not MISSING:
             # the time index should be prepared every time the internal loop is started
@@ -188,7 +172,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
                     await asyncio.sleep(backoff.delay())
                 else:
                     await self._try_sleep_until(self._next_iteration)
-                    
+
                     if self._stop_next_iteration:
                         return
 
@@ -207,28 +191,28 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
             raise
         except Exception as exc:
             self._has_failed = True
-            await self._call_loop_function('error', exc)
+            await self._call_loop_function("error", exc)
             raise exc
         finally:
-            await self._call_loop_function('after_loop')
+            await self._call_loop_function("after_loop")
             self._handle.cancel()
             self._is_being_cancelled = False
             self._current_loop = 0
             self._stop_next_iteration = False
             self._has_failed = False
 
-    def __get__(self, obj: C, objtype: Type[C]) -> Loop[C, P, T]:
+    def __get__(self, obj: T, objtype: Type[T]) -> Loop[LF]:
         if obj is None:
             return self
 
-        copy = Loop[C, P, T](
-            self.coro, 
-            seconds=self._seconds, 
-            hours=self._hours, 
+        copy: Loop[LF] = Loop(
+            self.coro,
+            seconds=self._seconds,
+            hours=self._hours,
             minutes=self._minutes,
-            time=self._time, 
+            time=self._time,
             count=self.count,
-            reconnect=self.reconnect, 
+            reconnect=self.reconnect,
             loop=self.loop,
         )
         copy._injected = obj
@@ -247,7 +231,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         """
         if self._seconds is not MISSING:
             return self._seconds
-    
+
     @property
     def minutes(self) -> Optional[float]:
         """Optional[:class:`float`]: Read-only value for the number of minutes
@@ -257,7 +241,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         """
         if self._minutes is not MISSING:
             return self._minutes
-    
+
     @property
     def hours(self) -> Optional[float]:
         """Optional[:class:`float`]: Read-only value for the number of hours
@@ -289,13 +273,13 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
         """
-        if self._task is None:
+        if self._task is MISSING:
             return None
         elif self._task and self._task.done() or self._stop_next_iteration:
             return None
         return self._next_iteration
 
-    async def __call__(self, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+    async def __call__(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         r"""|coro|
 
         Calls the internal callback that the task holds.
@@ -315,7 +299,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
 
         return await self.coro(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    def start(self, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> asyncio.Task:
+    def start(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> asyncio.Task[None]:
         r"""Starts the internal task in the event loop.
 
         Parameters
@@ -336,13 +320,13 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
             The task that has been created.
         """
 
-        if self._task is not None and not self._task.done():
-            raise RuntimeError('Task is already launched and is not completed.')
+        if self._task is not MISSING and not self._task.done():
+            raise RuntimeError("Task is already launched and is not completed.")
 
         if self._injected is not None:
             args = (self._injected, *args)
 
-        if self.loop is None:
+        if self.loop is MISSING:
             self.loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
 
         self._task = self.loop.create_task(self._loop(*args, **kwargs))
@@ -366,7 +350,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.2
         """
-        if self._task and not self._task.done():
+        if self._task is not MISSING and not self._task.done():
             self._stop_next_iteration = True
 
     def _can_be_cancelled(self) -> bool:
@@ -377,7 +361,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         if self._can_be_cancelled():
             self._task.cancel()
 
-    def restart(self, *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> None:
+    def restart(self, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
         r"""A convenience method to restart the internal task.
 
         .. note::
@@ -388,12 +372,12 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         Parameters
         ------------
         \*args
-            The arguments to to use.
+            The arguments to use.
         \*\*kwargs
             The keyword arguments to use.
         """
 
-        def restart_when_over(fut, *, args=args, kwargs=kwargs):
+        def restart_when_over(fut: Any, *, args: Any = args, kwargs: Any = kwargs) -> None:
             self._task.remove_done_callback(restart_when_over)
             self.start(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -424,9 +408,9 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
 
         for exc in exceptions:
             if not inspect.isclass(exc):
-                raise TypeError(f'{exc!r} must be a class.')
+                raise TypeError(f"{exc!r} must be a class.")
             if not issubclass(exc, BaseException):
-                raise TypeError(f'{exc!r} must inherit from BaseException.')
+                raise TypeError(f"{exc!r} must inherit from BaseException.")
 
         self._valid_exception = (*self._valid_exception, *exceptions)
 
@@ -456,9 +440,9 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         self._valid_exception = tuple(x for x in self._valid_exception if x not in exceptions)
         return len(self._valid_exception) == old_length - len(exceptions)
 
-    def get_task(self) -> Optional[asyncio.Task]:
+    def get_task(self) -> Optional[asyncio.Task[None]]:
         """Optional[:class:`asyncio.Task`]: Fetches the internal task or ``None`` if there isn't one running."""
-        return self._task
+        return self._task if self._task is not MISSING else None
 
     def is_being_cancelled(self) -> bool:
         """Whether the task is being cancelled."""
@@ -476,11 +460,11 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.4
         """
-        return not bool(self._task.done()) if self._task else False
+        return not bool(self._task.done()) if self._task is not MISSING else False
 
     async def _error(self, *args: Any) -> None:
         exception: Exception = args[-1]
-        print(f'Unhandled exception in internal background task {self.coro.__name__!r}.', file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"Unhandled exception in internal background task {self.coro.__name__!r}.", file=sys.stderr)
         traceback.print_exception(type(exception), exception, exception.__traceback__, file=sys.stderr)
 
     def before_loop(self, coro: FT) -> FT:
@@ -503,7 +487,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         """
 
         if not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(coro):
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected coroutine function, received {coro.__class__.__name__!r}.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected coroutine function, received {coro.__class__.__name__!r}.")
 
         self._before_loop = coro
         return coro
@@ -531,7 +515,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         """
 
         if not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(coro):
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected coroutine function, received {coro.__class__.__name__!r}.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected coroutine function, received {coro.__class__.__name__!r}.")
 
         self._after_loop = coro
         return coro
@@ -557,7 +541,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
             The function was not a coroutine.
         """
         if not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(coro):
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected coroutine function, received {coro.__class__.__name__!r}.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected coroutine function, received {coro.__class__.__name__!r}.")
 
         self._error = coro  # type: ignore
         return coro
@@ -570,7 +554,9 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
             self._time_index = 0
             if self._current_loop == 0:
                 # if we're at the last index on the first iteration, we need to sleep until tomorrow
-                return datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(days=1), self._time[0])
+                return datetime.datetime.combine(
+                    datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(days=1), self._time[0]
+                )
 
         next_time = self._time[self._time_index]
 
@@ -578,7 +564,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
             self._time_index += 1
             return datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc), next_time)
 
-        next_date = cast(datetime.datetime, self._last_iteration)
+        next_date = self._last_iteration
         if self._time_index == 0:
             # we can assume that the earliest time should be scheduled for "tomorrow"
             next_date += datetime.timedelta(days=1)
@@ -586,12 +572,14 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         self._time_index += 1
         return datetime.datetime.combine(next_date, next_time)
 
-    def _prepare_time_index(self, now: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None) -> None:
+    def _prepare_time_index(self, now: datetime.datetime = MISSING) -> None:
         # now kwarg should be a datetime.datetime representing the time "now"
         # to calculate the next time index from
 
         # pre-condition: self._time is set
-        time_now = (now or datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc).replace(microsecond=0)).timetz()
+        time_now = (
+            now if now is not MISSING else datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc).replace(microsecond=0)
+        ).timetz()
         for idx, time in enumerate(self._time):
             if time >= time_now:
                 self._time_index = idx
@@ -607,20 +595,24 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
         utc: datetime.timezone = datetime.timezone.utc,
     ) -> List[datetime.time]:
         if isinstance(time, dt):
-            ret = time if time.tzinfo is not None else time.replace(tzinfo=utc)
-            return [ret]
+            inner = time if time.tzinfo is not None else time.replace(tzinfo=utc)
+            return [inner]
         if not isinstance(time, Sequence):
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected datetime.time or a sequence of datetime.time for ``time``, received {type(time)!r} instead.')
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Expected datetime.time or a sequence of datetime.time for ``time``, received {type(time)!r} instead."
+            )
         if not time:
-            raise ValueError('time parameter must not be an empty sequence.')
+            raise ValueError("time parameter must not be an empty sequence.")
 
-        ret = []
+        ret: List[datetime.time] = []
         for index, t in enumerate(time):
             if not isinstance(t, dt):
-                raise TypeError(f'Expected a sequence of {dt!r} for ``time``, received {type(t).__name__!r} at index {index} instead.')
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"Expected a sequence of {dt!r} for ``time``, received {type(t).__name__!r} at index {index} instead."
+                )
             ret.append(t if t.tzinfo is not None else t.replace(tzinfo=utc))
 
-        ret = sorted(set(ret)) # de-dupe and sort times
+        ret = sorted(set(ret))  # de-dupe and sort times
         return ret
 
     def change_interval(
@@ -669,7 +661,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
             hours = hours or 0
             sleep = seconds + (minutes * 60.0) + (hours * 3600.0)
             if sleep < 0:
-                raise ValueError('Total number of seconds cannot be less than zero.')
+                raise ValueError("Total number of seconds cannot be less than zero.")
 
             self._sleep = sleep
             self._seconds = float(seconds)
@@ -678,7 +670,7 @@ class Loop(Generic[C, P, T]):
             self._time: List[datetime.time] = MISSING
         else:
             if any((seconds, minutes, hours)):
-                raise TypeError('Cannot mix explicit time with relative time')
+                raise TypeError("Cannot mix explicit time with relative time")
             self._time = self._get_time_parameter(time)
             self._sleep = self._seconds = self._minutes = self._hours = MISSING
 
@@ -701,8 +693,8 @@ def loop(
     time: Union[datetime.time, Sequence[datetime.time]] = MISSING,
     count: Optional[int] = None,
     reconnect: bool = True,
-    loop: Optional[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] = None,
-) -> Callable[[Union[Callable[Concatenate[Type[C], P], _coro[T]], Callable[P, _coro[T]]]], Loop[C, P, T]]:
+    loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = MISSING,
+) -> Callable[[LF], Loop[LF]]:
     """A decorator that schedules a task in the background for you with
     optional reconnect logic. The decorator returns a :class:`Loop`.
 
@@ -717,7 +709,7 @@ def loop(
     time: Union[:class:`datetime.time`, Sequence[:class:`datetime.time`]]
         The exact times to run this loop at. Either a non-empty list or a single
         value of :class:`datetime.time` should be passed. Timezones are supported.
-        If no timezone is given for the times, it is assumed to represent UTC time. 
+        If no timezone is given for the times, it is assumed to represent UTC time.
 
         This cannot be used in conjunction with the relative time parameters.
 
@@ -734,7 +726,7 @@ def loop(
         Whether to handle errors and restart the task
         using an exponential back-off algorithm similar to the
         one used in :meth:`discord.Client.connect`.
-    loop: Optional[:class:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoop`]
+    loop: :class:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoop`
         The loop to use to register the task, if not given
         defaults to :func:`asyncio.get_event_loop`.
 
@@ -746,15 +738,17 @@ def loop(
         The function was not a coroutine, an invalid value for the ``time`` parameter was passed,
         or ``time`` parameter was passed in conjunction with relative time parameters.
     """
-    def decorator(func: Union[Callable[Concatenate[Type[C], P], _coro[T]], Callable[P, _coro[T]]]) -> Loop[C, P, T]:
-        kwargs = {
-            'seconds': seconds,
-            'minutes': minutes,
-            'hours': hours,
-            'count': count,
-            'time': time,
-            'reconnect': reconnect,
-            'loop': loop,
-        }
-        return Loop[C, P, T](func, **kwargs)
+
+    def decorator(func: LF) -> Loop[LF]:
+        return Loop[LF](
+            func,
+            seconds=seconds,
+            minutes=minutes,
+            hours=hours,
+            count=count,
+            time=time,
+            reconnect=reconnect,
+            loop=loop,
+        )
+
     return decorator

discord/file.py

@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@ from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union
 import os
 import io
 
-__all__ = (
-    'File',
-)
+__all__ = ("File",)
 
 
 class File:
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ class File:
         Whether the attachment is a spoiler.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('fp', 'filename', 'spoiler', '_original_pos', '_owner', '_closer')
+    __slots__ = ("fp", "filename", "spoiler", "_original_pos", "_owner", "_closer")
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         fp: io.BufferedIOBase
@@ -80,12 +78,12 @@ class File:
     ):
         if isinstance(fp, io.IOBase):
             if not (fp.seekable() and fp.readable()):
-                raise ValueError(f'File buffer {fp!r} must be seekable and readable')
+                raise ValueError(f"File buffer {fp!r} must be seekable and readable")
             self.fp = fp
             self._original_pos = fp.tell()
             self._owner = False
         else:
-            self.fp = open(fp, 'rb')
+            self.fp = open(fp, "rb")
             self._original_pos = 0
             self._owner = True
 
@@ -100,14 +98,14 @@ class File:
             if isinstance(fp, str):
                 _, self.filename = os.path.split(fp)
             else:
-                self.filename = getattr(fp, 'name', None)
+                self.filename = getattr(fp, "name", None)
         else:
             self.filename = filename
 
-        if spoiler and self.filename is not None and not self.filename.startswith('SPOILER_'):
-            self.filename = 'SPOILER_' + self.filename
+        if spoiler and self.filename is not None and not self.filename.startswith("SPOILER_"):
+            self.filename = "SPOILER_" + self.filename
 
-        self.spoiler = spoiler or (self.filename is not None and self.filename.startswith('SPOILER_'))
+        self.spoiler = spoiler or (self.filename is not None and self.filename.startswith("SPOILER_"))
 
     def reset(self, *, seek: Union[int, bool] = True) -> None:
         # The `seek` parameter is needed because

discord/flags.py

@@ -29,19 +29,19 @@ from typing import Any, Callable, ClassVar, Dict, Generic, Iterator, List, Optio
 from .enums import UserFlags
 
 __all__ = (
-    'SystemChannelFlags',
-    'MessageFlags',
-    'PublicUserFlags',
-    'Intents',
-    'MemberCacheFlags',
-    'ApplicationFlags',
+    "SystemChannelFlags",
+    "MessageFlags",
+    "PublicUserFlags",
+    "Intents",
+    "MemberCacheFlags",
+    "ApplicationFlags",
 )
 
-FV = TypeVar('FV', bound='flag_value')
-BF = TypeVar('BF', bound='BaseFlags')
+FV = TypeVar("FV", bound="flag_value")
+BF = TypeVar("BF", bound="BaseFlags")
 
 
-class flag_value(Generic[BF]):
+class flag_value:
     def __init__(self, func: Callable[[Any], int]):
         self.flag = func(None)
         self.__doc__ = func.__doc__
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ class flag_value(Generic[BF]):
         instance._set_flag(self.flag, value)
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<flag_value flag={self.flag!r}>'
+        return f"<flag_value flag={self.flag!r}>"
 
 
 class alias_flag_value(flag_value):
@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@ class BaseFlags:
 
     value: int
 
-    __slots__ = ('value',)
+    __slots__ = ("value",)
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs: bool):
         self.value = self.DEFAULT_VALUE
         for key, value in kwargs.items():
             if key not in self.VALID_FLAGS:
-                raise TypeError(f'{key!r} is not a valid flag name.')
+                raise TypeError(f"{key!r} is not a valid flag name.")
             setattr(self, key, value)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class BaseFlags:
         return hash(self.value)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} value={self.value}>'
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} value={self.value}>"
 
     def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, bool]]:
         for name, value in self.__class__.__dict__.items():
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class BaseFlags:
         elif toggle is False:
             self.value &= ~o
         else:
-            raise TypeError(f'Value to set for {self.__class__.__name__} must be a bool.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Value to set for {self.__class__.__name__} must be a bool.")
 
 
 @fill_with_flags(inverted=True)
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ class SystemChannelFlags(BaseFlags):
         elif toggle is False:
             self.value |= o
         else:
-            raise TypeError('Value to set for SystemChannelFlags must be a bool.')
+            raise TypeError("Value to set for SystemChannelFlags must be a bool.")
 
     @flag_value
     def join_notifications(self):
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ class SystemChannelFlags(BaseFlags):
 
     @flag_value
     def premium_subscriptions(self):
-        """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if the system channel is used for Nitro boosting notifications."""
+        """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if the system channel is used for "Nitro boosting" notifications."""
         return 2
 
     @flag_value
@@ -287,6 +287,15 @@ class MessageFlags(BaseFlags):
         """
         return 32
 
+    @flag_value
+    def ephemeral(self):
+        """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if the source message is ephemeral.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return 64
+
+
 @fill_with_flags()
 class PublicUserFlags(BaseFlags):
     r"""Wraps up the Discord User Public flags.
@@ -452,7 +461,7 @@ class Intents(BaseFlags):
         self.value = self.DEFAULT_VALUE
         for key, value in kwargs.items():
             if key not in self.VALID_FLAGS:
-                raise TypeError(f'{key!r} is not a valid flag name.')
+                raise TypeError(f"{key!r} is not a valid flag name.")
             setattr(self, key, value)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -471,16 +480,6 @@ class Intents(BaseFlags):
         self.value = self.DEFAULT_VALUE
         return self
 
-    @classmethod
-    def default(cls: Type[Intents]) -> Intents:
-        """A factory method that creates a :class:`Intents` with everything enabled
-        except :attr:`presences` and :attr:`members`.
-        """
-        self = cls.all()
-        self.presences = False
-        self.members = False
-        return self
-
     @flag_value
     def guilds(self):
         """:class:`bool`: Whether guild related events are enabled.
@@ -515,7 +514,7 @@ class Intents(BaseFlags):
 
         - :func:`on_member_join`
         - :func:`on_member_remove`
-        - :func:`on_member_update` (nickname, roles)
+        - :func:`on_member_update`
         - :func:`on_user_update`
 
         This also corresponds to the following attributes and classes in terms of cache:
@@ -557,18 +556,34 @@ class Intents(BaseFlags):
 
     @flag_value
     def emojis(self):
-        """:class:`bool`: Whether guild emoji related events are enabled.
+        """:class:`bool`: Alias of :attr:`.emojis_and_stickers`.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            Changed to an alias.
+        """
+        return 1 << 3
+
+    @alias_flag_value
+    def emojis_and_stickers(self):
+        """:class:`bool`: Whether guild emoji and sticker related events are enabled.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
         This corresponds to the following events:
 
         - :func:`on_guild_emojis_update`
+        - :func:`on_guild_stickers_update`
 
         This also corresponds to the following attributes and classes in terms of cache:
 
         - :class:`Emoji`
+        - :class:`GuildSticker`
         - :meth:`Client.get_emoji`
+        - :meth:`Client.get_sticker`
         - :meth:`Client.emojis`
+        - :meth:`Client.stickers`
         - :attr:`Guild.emojis`
+        - :attr:`Guild.stickers`
         """
         return 1 << 3
 
@@ -625,6 +640,10 @@ class Intents(BaseFlags):
         - :attr:`VoiceChannel.members`
         - :attr:`VoiceChannel.voice_states`
         - :attr:`Member.voice`
+
+        .. note::
+
+            This intent is required to connect to voice.
         """
         return 1 << 7
 
@@ -634,7 +653,7 @@ class Intents(BaseFlags):
 
         This corresponds to the following events:
 
-        - :func:`on_member_update` (activities, status)
+        - :func:`on_presence_update`
 
         This also corresponds to the following attributes and classes in terms of cache:
 
@@ -888,7 +907,7 @@ class MemberCacheFlags(BaseFlags):
         self.value = (1 << bits) - 1
         for key, value in kwargs.items():
             if key not in self.VALID_FLAGS:
-                raise TypeError(f'{key!r} is not a valid flag name.')
+                raise TypeError(f"{key!r} is not a valid flag name.")
             setattr(self, key, value)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -958,10 +977,10 @@ class MemberCacheFlags(BaseFlags):
 
     def _verify_intents(self, intents: Intents):
         if self.voice and not intents.voice_states:
-            raise ValueError('MemberCacheFlags.voice requires Intents.voice_states')
+            raise ValueError("MemberCacheFlags.voice requires Intents.voice_states")
 
         if self.joined and not intents.members:
-            raise ValueError('MemberCacheFlags.joined requires Intents.members')
+            raise ValueError("MemberCacheFlags.joined requires Intents.members")
 
     @property
     def _voice_only(self):

discord/integrations.py

@@ -25,18 +25,18 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import datetime
-from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, overload, Type, Tuple
-from .utils import _get_as_snowflake, get, parse_time
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, overload, Type, Tuple
+from .utils import _get_as_snowflake, parse_time, MISSING
 from .user import User
 from .errors import InvalidArgument
 from .enums import try_enum, ExpireBehaviour
 
 __all__ = (
-    'IntegrationAccount',
-    'IntegrationApplication',
-    'Integration',
-    'StreamIntegration',
-    'BotIntegration',
+    "IntegrationAccount",
+    "IntegrationApplication",
+    "Integration",
+    "StreamIntegration",
+    "BotIntegration",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -59,20 +59,20 @@ class IntegrationAccount:
 
     Attributes
     -----------
-    id: :class:`int`
+    id: :class:`str`
         The account ID.
     name: :class:`str`
         The account name.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('id', 'name')
+    __slots__ = ("id", "name")
 
     def __init__(self, data: IntegrationAccountPayload) -> None:
-        self.id: Optional[int] = _get_as_snowflake(data, 'id')
-        self.name: str = data.pop('name')
+        self.id: str = data["id"]
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<IntegrationAccount id={self.id} name={self.name!r}>'
+        return f"<IntegrationAccount id={self.id} name={self.name!r}>"
 
 
 class Integration:
@@ -99,14 +99,14 @@ class Integration:
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'guild',
-        'id',
-        '_state',
-        'type',
-        'name',
-        'account',
-        'user',
-        'enabled',
+        "guild",
+        "id",
+        "_state",
+        "type",
+        "name",
+        "account",
+        "user",
+        "enabled",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, *, data: IntegrationPayload, guild: Guild) -> None:
@@ -118,16 +118,16 @@ class Integration:
         return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r}>"
 
     def _from_data(self, data: IntegrationPayload) -> None:
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
-        self.type: IntegrationType = data['type']
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self.account: IntegrationAccount = IntegrationAccount(data['account'])
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.type: IntegrationType = data["type"]
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.account: IntegrationAccount = IntegrationAccount(data["account"])
 
-        user = data.get('user')
+        user = data.get("user")
         self.user = User(state=self._state, data=user) if user else None
-        self.enabled: bool = data['enabled']
+        self.enabled: bool = data["enabled"]
 
-    async def delete(self) -> None:
+    async def delete(self, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Deletes the integration.
@@ -135,6 +135,13 @@ class Integration:
         You must have the :attr:`~Permissions.manage_guild` permission to
         do this.
 
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        reason: :class:`str`
+            The reason the integration was deleted. Shows up on the audit log.
+
+            .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
         Raises
         -------
         Forbidden
@@ -142,7 +149,7 @@ class Integration:
         HTTPException
             Deleting the integration failed.
         """
-        await self._state.http.delete_integration(self.guild.id, self.id)
+        await self._state.http.delete_integration(self.guild.id, self.id, reason=reason)
 
 
 class StreamIntegration(Integration):
@@ -179,48 +186,44 @@ class StreamIntegration(Integration):
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'revoked',
-        'expire_behaviour',
-        'expire_behavior',
-        'expire_grace_period',
-        'synced_at',
-        '_role_id',
-        'syncing',
-        'enable_emoticons',
-        'subscriber_count',
+        "revoked",
+        "expire_behaviour",
+        "expire_grace_period",
+        "synced_at",
+        "_role_id",
+        "syncing",
+        "enable_emoticons",
+        "subscriber_count",
     )
 
     def _from_data(self, data: StreamIntegrationPayload) -> None:
         super()._from_data(data)
-        self.revoked: bool = data['revoked']
-        self.expire_behaviour: ExpireBehaviour = try_enum(ExpireBehaviour, data['expire_behavior'])
-        self.expire_grace_period: int = data['expire_grace_period']
-        self.synced_at: datetime.datetime = parse_time(data['synced_at'])
-        self._role_id: int = int(data['role_id'])
-        self.syncing: bool = data['syncing']
-        self.enable_emoticons: bool = data['enable_emoticons']
-        self.subscriber_count: int = data['subscriber_count']
+        self.revoked: bool = data["revoked"]
+        self.expire_behaviour: ExpireBehaviour = try_enum(ExpireBehaviour, data["expire_behavior"])
+        self.expire_grace_period: int = data["expire_grace_period"]
+        self.synced_at: datetime.datetime = parse_time(data["synced_at"])
+        self._role_id: Optional[int] = _get_as_snowflake(data, "role_id")
+        self.syncing: bool = data["syncing"]
+        self.enable_emoticons: bool = data["enable_emoticons"]
+        self.subscriber_count: int = data["subscriber_count"]
+
+    @property
+    def expire_behavior(self) -> ExpireBehaviour:
+        """:class:`ExpireBehaviour`: An alias for :attr:`expire_behaviour`."""
+        return self.expire_behaviour
 
     @property
     def role(self) -> Optional[Role]:
         """Optional[:class:`Role`] The role which the integration uses for subscribers."""
-        return self.guild.get_role(self._role_id)
+        return self.guild.get_role(self._role_id)  # type: ignore
 
-    @overload
     async def edit(
         self,
         *,
-        expire_behaviour: Optional[ExpireBehaviour] = ...,
-        expire_grace_period: Optional[int] = ...,
-        enable_emoticons: Optional[bool] = ...,
+        expire_behaviour: ExpireBehaviour = MISSING,
+        expire_grace_period: int = MISSING,
+        enable_emoticons: bool = MISSING,
     ) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    @overload
-    async def edit(self, **fields) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    async def edit(self, **fields) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Edits the integration.
@@ -246,35 +249,23 @@ class StreamIntegration(Integration):
         InvalidArgument
             ``expire_behaviour`` did not receive a :class:`ExpireBehaviour`.
         """
-        try:
-            expire_behaviour = fields['expire_behaviour']
-        except KeyError:
-            expire_behaviour = fields.get('expire_behavior', self.expire_behaviour)
+        payload: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if expire_behaviour is not MISSING:
+            if not isinstance(expire_behaviour, ExpireBehaviour):
+                raise InvalidArgument("expire_behaviour field must be of type ExpireBehaviour")
 
-        if not isinstance(expire_behaviour, ExpireBehaviour):
-            raise InvalidArgument('expire_behaviour field must be of type ExpireBehaviour')
+            payload["expire_behavior"] = expire_behaviour.value
 
-        expire_grace_period = fields.get('expire_grace_period', self.expire_grace_period)
+        if expire_grace_period is not MISSING:
+            payload["expire_grace_period"] = expire_grace_period
 
-        payload = {
-            'expire_behavior': expire_behaviour.value,
-            'expire_grace_period': expire_grace_period,
-        }
-
-        try:
-            enable_emoticons = fields['enable_emoticons']
-        except KeyError:
-            enable_emoticons = self.enable_emoticons
-        else:
-            payload['enable_emoticons'] = enable_emoticons
+        if enable_emoticons is not MISSING:
+            payload["enable_emoticons"] = enable_emoticons
 
+        # This endpoint is undocumented.
+        # Unsure if it returns the data or not as a result
         await self._state.http.edit_integration(self.guild.id, self.id, **payload)
 
-        self.expire_behaviour = expire_behaviour
-        self.expire_behavior = self.expire_behaviour
-        self.expire_grace_period = expire_grace_period
-        self.enable_emoticons = enable_emoticons
-
     async def sync(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
@@ -316,21 +307,21 @@ class IntegrationApplication:
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'id',
-        'name',
-        'icon',
-        'description',
-        'summary',
-        'user',
+        "id",
+        "name",
+        "icon",
+        "description",
+        "summary",
+        "user",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, *, data: IntegrationApplicationPayload, state):
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self.icon: Optional[str] = data['icon']
-        self.description: str = data['description']
-        self.summary: str = data['summary']
-        user = data.get('bot')
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.icon: Optional[str] = data["icon"]
+        self.description: str = data["description"]
+        self.summary: str = data["summary"]
+        user = data.get("bot")
         self.user: Optional[User] = User(state=state, data=user) if user else None
 
 
@@ -359,17 +350,17 @@ class BotIntegration(Integration):
         The application tied to this integration.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('application',)
+    __slots__ = ("application",)
 
     def _from_data(self, data: BotIntegrationPayload) -> None:
         super()._from_data(data)
-        self.application = IntegrationApplication(data=data['application'], state=self._state)
+        self.application = IntegrationApplication(data=data["application"], state=self._state)
 
 
 def _integration_factory(value: str) -> Tuple[Type[Integration], str]:
-    if value == 'discord':
+    if value == "discord":
         return BotIntegration, value
-    elif value in ('twitch', 'youtube'):
+    elif value in ("twitch", "youtube"):
         return StreamIntegration, value
     else:
         return Integration, value

discord/interactions.py

@@ -25,33 +25,45 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
-from discord.types.interactions import InteractionResponse
 from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Union
+import asyncio
 
 from . import utils
 from .enums import try_enum, InteractionType, InteractionResponseType
+from .errors import InteractionResponded, HTTPException, ClientException
+from .channel import PartialMessageable, ChannelType
 
 from .user import User
 from .member import Member
 from .message import Message, Attachment
 from .object import Object
-from .webhook.async_ import async_context, Webhook
+from .permissions import Permissions
+from .webhook.async_ import async_context, Webhook, handle_message_parameters
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Interaction',
-    'InteractionResponse',
+    "Interaction",
+    "InteractionMessage",
+    "InteractionResponse",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
     from .types.interactions import (
         Interaction as InteractionPayload,
+        InteractionData,
     )
     from .guild import Guild
-    from .abc import GuildChannel
     from .state import ConnectionState
+    from .file import File
+    from .mentions import AllowedMentions
     from aiohttp import ClientSession
     from .embeds import Embed
     from .ui.view import View
+    from .channel import TextChannel, CategoryChannel, StoreChannel, PartialMessageable
+    from .threads import Thread
+
+    InteractionChannel = Union[TextChannel, CategoryChannel, StoreChannel, Thread, PartialMessageable]
 
 MISSING: Any = utils.MISSING
 
@@ -60,8 +72,7 @@ class Interaction:
     """Represents a Discord interaction.
 
     An interaction happens when a user does an action that needs to
-    be notified. Current examples are slash commands but future examples
-    include forms and buttons.
+    be notified. Current examples are slash commands and components.
 
     .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
@@ -84,58 +95,68 @@ class Interaction:
     token: :class:`str`
         The token to continue the interaction. These are valid
         for 15 minutes.
+    data: :class:`dict`
+        The raw interaction data.
     """
 
     __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = (
-        'id',
-        'type',
-        'guild_id',
-        'channel_id',
-        'data',
-        'application_id',
-        'message',
-        'user',
-        'token',
-        'version',
-        '_state',
-        '_session',
-        '_cs_response',
-        '_cs_followup',
+        "id",
+        "type",
+        "guild_id",
+        "channel_id",
+        "data",
+        "application_id",
+        "message",
+        "user",
+        "token",
+        "version",
+        "_permissions",
+        "_state",
+        "_session",
+        "_original_message",
+        "_cs_response",
+        "_cs_followup",
+        "_cs_channel",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, *, data: InteractionPayload, state: ConnectionState):
-        self._state = state
+        self._state: ConnectionState = state
         self._session: ClientSession = state.http._HTTPClient__session
+        self._original_message: Optional[InteractionMessage] = None
         self._from_data(data)
 
     def _from_data(self, data: InteractionPayload):
-        self.id = int(data['id'])
-        self.type = try_enum(InteractionType, data['type'])
-        self.data = data.get('data')
-        self.token = data['token']
-        self.version = data['version']
-        self.channel_id = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, 'channel_id')
-        self.guild_id = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, 'guild_id')
-        self.application_id = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, 'application_id')
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.type: InteractionType = try_enum(InteractionType, data["type"])
+        self.data: Optional[InteractionData] = data.get("data")
+        self.token: str = data["token"]
+        self.version: int = data["version"]
+        self.channel_id: Optional[int] = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, "channel_id")
+        self.guild_id: Optional[int] = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, "guild_id")
+        self.application_id: int = int(data["application_id"])
 
-        channel = self.channel or Object(id=self.channel_id)
+        self.message: Optional[Message]
         try:
-            self.message = Message(state=self._state, channel=channel, data=data['message'])
+            self.message = Message(state=self._state, channel=self.channel, data=data["message"])  # type: ignore
         except KeyError:
             self.message = None
 
         self.user: Optional[Union[User, Member]] = None
+        self._permissions: int = 0
 
         # TODO: there's a potential data loss here
         if self.guild_id:
             guild = self.guild or Object(id=self.guild_id)
             try:
-                self.user = Member(state=self._state, guild=guild, data=data['member'])
+                member = data["member"]  # type: ignore
             except KeyError:
                 pass
+            else:
+                self.user = Member(state=self._state, guild=guild, data=member)  # type: ignore
+                self._permissions = int(member.get("permissions", 0))
         else:
             try:
-                self.user = User(state=self._state, data=data['user'])
+                self.user = User(state=self._state, data=data["user"])
             except KeyError:
                 pass
 
@@ -144,31 +165,200 @@ class Interaction:
         """Optional[:class:`Guild`]: The guild the interaction was sent from."""
         return self._state and self._state._get_guild(self.guild_id)
 
-    @property
-    def channel(self) -> Optional[GuildChannel]:
-        """Optional[:class:`abc.GuildChannel`]: The channel the interaction was sent from.
+    @utils.cached_slot_property("_cs_channel")
+    def channel(self) -> Optional[InteractionChannel]:
+        """Optional[Union[:class:`abc.GuildChannel`, :class:`PartialMessageable`, :class:`Thread`]]: The channel the interaction was sent from.
 
         Note that due to a Discord limitation, DM channels are not resolved since there is
-        no data to complete them.
+        no data to complete them. These are :class:`PartialMessageable` instead.
         """
         guild = self.guild
-        return guild and guild.get_channel(self.channel_id)
+        channel = guild and guild._resolve_channel(self.channel_id)
+        if channel is None:
+            if self.channel_id is not None:
+                type = ChannelType.text if self.guild_id is not None else ChannelType.private
+                return PartialMessageable(state=self._state, id=self.channel_id, type=type)
+            return None
+        return channel  # type: ignore
 
-    @utils.cached_slot_property('_cs_response')
+    @property
+    def permissions(self) -> Permissions:
+        """:class:`Permissions`: The resolved permissions of the member in the channel, including overwrites.
+
+        In a non-guild context where this doesn't apply, an empty permissions object is returned.
+        """
+        return Permissions(self._permissions)
+
+    @utils.cached_slot_property("_cs_response")
     def response(self) -> InteractionResponse:
-        """:class:`InteractionResponse`: Returns an object responsible for handling responding to the interaction."""
+        """:class:`InteractionResponse`: Returns an object responsible for handling responding to the interaction.
+
+        A response can only be done once. If secondary messages need to be sent, consider using :attr:`followup`
+        instead.
+        """
         return InteractionResponse(self)
 
-    @utils.cached_slot_property('_cs_followup')
+    @utils.cached_slot_property("_cs_followup")
     def followup(self) -> Webhook:
         """:class:`Webhook`: Returns the follow up webhook for follow up interactions."""
         payload = {
-            'id': self.application_id,
-            'type': 3,
-            'token': self.token,
+            "id": self.application_id,
+            "type": 3,
+            "token": self.token,
         }
         return Webhook.from_state(data=payload, state=self._state)
 
+    async def original_message(self) -> InteractionMessage:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Fetches the original interaction response message associated with the interaction.
+
+        If the interaction response was :meth:`InteractionResponse.send_message` then this would
+        return the message that was sent using that response. Otherwise, this would return
+        the message that triggered the interaction.
+
+        Repeated calls to this will return a cached value.
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        HTTPException
+            Fetching the original response message failed.
+        ClientException
+            The channel for the message could not be resolved.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        InteractionMessage
+            The original interaction response message.
+        """
+
+        if self._original_message is not None:
+            return self._original_message
+
+        # TODO: fix later to not raise?
+        channel = self.channel
+        if channel is None:
+            raise ClientException("Channel for message could not be resolved")
+
+        adapter = async_context.get()
+        data = await adapter.get_original_interaction_response(
+            application_id=self.application_id,
+            token=self.token,
+            session=self._session,
+        )
+        state = _InteractionMessageState(self, self._state)
+        message = InteractionMessage(state=state, channel=channel, data=data)  # type: ignore
+        self._original_message = message
+        return message
+
+    async def edit_original_message(
+        self,
+        *,
+        content: Optional[str] = MISSING,
+        embeds: List[Embed] = MISSING,
+        embed: Optional[Embed] = MISSING,
+        file: File = MISSING,
+        files: List[File] = MISSING,
+        view: Optional[View] = MISSING,
+        allowed_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = None,
+    ) -> InteractionMessage:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Edits the original interaction response message.
+
+        This is a lower level interface to :meth:`InteractionMessage.edit` in case
+        you do not want to fetch the message and save an HTTP request.
+
+        This method is also the only way to edit the original message if
+        the message sent was ephemeral.
+
+        Parameters
+        ------------
+        content: Optional[:class:`str`]
+            The content to edit the message with or ``None`` to clear it.
+        embeds: List[:class:`Embed`]
+            A list of embeds to edit the message with.
+        embed: Optional[:class:`Embed`]
+            The embed to edit the message with. ``None`` suppresses the embeds.
+            This should not be mixed with the ``embeds`` parameter.
+        file: :class:`File`
+            The file to upload. This cannot be mixed with ``files`` parameter.
+        files: List[:class:`File`]
+            A list of files to send with the content. This cannot be mixed with the
+            ``file`` parameter.
+        allowed_mentions: :class:`AllowedMentions`
+            Controls the mentions being processed in this message.
+            See :meth:`.abc.Messageable.send` for more information.
+        view: Optional[:class:`~discord.ui.View`]
+            The updated view to update this message with. If ``None`` is passed then
+            the view is removed.
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        HTTPException
+            Editing the message failed.
+        Forbidden
+            Edited a message that is not yours.
+        TypeError
+            You specified both ``embed`` and ``embeds`` or ``file`` and ``files``
+        ValueError
+            The length of ``embeds`` was invalid.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`InteractionMessage`
+            The newly edited message.
+        """
+
+        previous_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = self._state.allowed_mentions
+        params = handle_message_parameters(
+            content=content,
+            file=file,
+            files=files,
+            embed=embed,
+            embeds=embeds,
+            view=view,
+            allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
+            previous_allowed_mentions=previous_mentions,
+        )
+        adapter = async_context.get()
+        data = await adapter.edit_original_interaction_response(
+            self.application_id,
+            self.token,
+            session=self._session,
+            payload=params.payload,
+            multipart=params.multipart,
+            files=params.files,
+        )
+
+        # The message channel types should always match
+        message = InteractionMessage(state=self._state, channel=self.channel, data=data)  # type: ignore
+        if view and not view.is_finished():
+            self._state.store_view(view, message.id)
+        return message
+
+    async def delete_original_message(self) -> None:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Deletes the original interaction response message.
+
+        This is a lower level interface to :meth:`InteractionMessage.delete` in case
+        you do not want to fetch the message and save an HTTP request.
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        HTTPException
+            Deleting the message failed.
+        Forbidden
+            Deleted a message that is not yours.
+        """
+        adapter = async_context.get()
+        await adapter.delete_original_interaction_response(
+            self.application_id,
+            self.token,
+            session=self._session,
+        )
+
 
 class InteractionResponse:
     """Represents a Discord interaction response.
@@ -179,13 +369,20 @@ class InteractionResponse:
     """
 
     __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = (
-        '_responded',
-        '_parent',
+        "responded_at",
+        "_parent",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, parent: Interaction):
+        self.responded_at: Optional[datetime] = None
         self._parent: Interaction = parent
-        self._responded: bool = False
+
+    def is_done(self) -> bool:
+        """:class:`bool`: Indicates whether an interaction response has been done before.
+
+        An interaction can only be responded to once.
+        """
+        return self.responded_at is not None
 
     async def defer(self, *, ephemeral: bool = False) -> None:
         """|coro|
@@ -205,9 +402,11 @@ class InteractionResponse:
         -------
         HTTPException
             Deferring the interaction failed.
+        InteractionResponded
+            This interaction has already been responded to before.
         """
-        if self._responded:
-            return
+        if self.is_done():
+            raise InteractionResponded(self._parent)
 
         defer_type: int = 0
         data: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None
@@ -217,14 +416,15 @@ class InteractionResponse:
         elif parent.type is InteractionType.application_command:
             defer_type = InteractionResponseType.deferred_channel_message.value
             if ephemeral:
-                data = {'flags': 64}
+                data = {"flags": 64}
 
         if defer_type:
             adapter = async_context.get()
             await adapter.create_interaction_response(
                 parent.id, parent.token, session=parent._session, type=defer_type, data=data
             )
-            self._responded = True
+
+            self.responded_at = utils.utcnow()
 
     async def pong(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
@@ -237,9 +437,11 @@ class InteractionResponse:
         -------
         HTTPException
             Ponging the interaction failed.
+        InteractionResponded
+            This interaction has already been responded to before.
         """
-        if self._responded:
-            return
+        if self.is_done():
+            raise InteractionResponded(self._parent)
 
         parent = self._parent
         if parent.type is InteractionType.ping:
@@ -247,7 +449,7 @@ class InteractionResponse:
             await adapter.create_interaction_response(
                 parent.id, parent.token, session=parent._session, type=InteractionResponseType.pong.value
             )
-            self._responded = True
+            self.responded_at = utils.utcnow()
 
     async def send_message(
         self,
@@ -290,33 +492,35 @@ class InteractionResponse:
             You specified both ``embed`` and ``embeds``.
         ValueError
             The length of ``embeds`` was invalid.
+        InteractionResponded
+            This interaction has already been responded to before.
         """
-        if self._responded:
-            return
+        if self.is_done():
+            raise InteractionResponded(self._parent)
 
         payload: Dict[str, Any] = {
-            'tts': tts,
+            "tts": tts,
         }
 
         if embed is not MISSING and embeds is not MISSING:
-            raise TypeError('cannot mix embed and embeds keyword arguments')
+            raise TypeError("cannot mix embed and embeds keyword arguments")
 
         if embed is not MISSING:
             embeds = [embed]
 
         if embeds:
             if len(embeds) > 10:
-                raise ValueError('embeds cannot exceed maximum of 10 elements')
-            payload['embeds'] = [e.to_dict() for e in embeds]
+                raise ValueError("embeds cannot exceed maximum of 10 elements")
+            payload["embeds"] = [e.to_dict() for e in embeds]
 
         if content is not None:
-            payload['content'] = str(content)
+            payload["content"] = str(content)
 
         if ephemeral:
-            payload['flags'] = 64
+            payload["flags"] = 64
 
         if view is not MISSING:
-            payload['components'] = view.to_components()
+            payload["components"] = view.to_components()
 
         parent = self._parent
         adapter = async_context.get()
@@ -334,7 +538,7 @@ class InteractionResponse:
 
             self._parent._state.store_view(view)
 
-        self._responded = True
+        self.responded_at = utils.utcnow()
 
     async def edit_message(
         self,
@@ -372,9 +576,11 @@ class InteractionResponse:
             Editing the message failed.
         TypeError
             You specified both ``embed`` and ``embeds``.
+        InteractionResponded
+            This interaction has already been responded to before.
         """
-        if self._responded:
-            return
+        if self.is_done():
+            raise InteractionResponded(self._parent)
 
         parent = self._parent
         msg = parent.message
@@ -383,16 +589,15 @@ class InteractionResponse:
         if parent.type is not InteractionType.component:
             return
 
-        # TODO: embeds: List[Embed]?
         payload = {}
         if content is not MISSING:
             if content is None:
-                payload['content'] = None
+                payload["content"] = None
             else:
-                payload['content'] = str(content)
+                payload["content"] = str(content)
 
         if embed is not MISSING and embeds is not MISSING:
-            raise TypeError('cannot mix both embed and embeds keyword arguments')
+            raise TypeError("cannot mix both embed and embeds keyword arguments")
 
         if embed is not MISSING:
             if embed is None:
@@ -401,17 +606,17 @@ class InteractionResponse:
                 embeds = [embed]
 
         if embeds is not MISSING:
-            payload['embeds'] = [e.to_dict() for e in embeds]
+            payload["embeds"] = [e.to_dict() for e in embeds]
 
         if attachments is not MISSING:
-            payload['attachments'] = [a.to_dict() for a in attachments]
+            payload["attachments"] = [a.to_dict() for a in attachments]
 
         if view is not MISSING:
             state.prevent_view_updates_for(message_id)
             if view is None:
-                payload['components'] = []
+                payload["components"] = []
             else:
-                payload['components'] = view.to_components()
+                payload["components"] = view.to_components()
 
         adapter = async_context.get()
         await adapter.create_interaction_response(
@@ -425,4 +630,139 @@ class InteractionResponse:
         if view and not view.is_finished():
             state.store_view(view, message_id)
 
-        self._responded = True
+        self.responded_at = utils.utcnow()
+
+
+class _InteractionMessageState:
+    __slots__ = ("_parent", "_interaction")
+
+    def __init__(self, interaction: Interaction, parent: ConnectionState):
+        self._interaction: Interaction = interaction
+        self._parent: ConnectionState = parent
+
+    def _get_guild(self, guild_id):
+        return self._parent._get_guild(guild_id)
+
+    def store_user(self, data):
+        return self._parent.store_user(data)
+
+    def create_user(self, data):
+        return self._parent.create_user(data)
+
+    @property
+    def http(self):
+        return self._parent.http
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr):
+        return getattr(self._parent, attr)
+
+
+class InteractionMessage(Message):
+    """Represents the original interaction response message.
+
+    This allows you to edit or delete the message associated with
+    the interaction response. To retrieve this object see :meth:`Interaction.original_message`.
+
+    This inherits from :class:`discord.Message` with changes to
+    :meth:`edit` and :meth:`delete` to work.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ()
+    _state: _InteractionMessageState
+
+    async def edit(
+        self,
+        content: Optional[str] = MISSING,
+        embeds: List[Embed] = MISSING,
+        embed: Optional[Embed] = MISSING,
+        file: File = MISSING,
+        files: List[File] = MISSING,
+        view: Optional[View] = MISSING,
+        allowed_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = None,
+    ) -> InteractionMessage:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Edits the message.
+
+        Parameters
+        ------------
+        content: Optional[:class:`str`]
+            The content to edit the message with or ``None`` to clear it.
+        embeds: List[:class:`Embed`]
+            A list of embeds to edit the message with.
+        embed: Optional[:class:`Embed`]
+            The embed to edit the message with. ``None`` suppresses the embeds.
+            This should not be mixed with the ``embeds`` parameter.
+        file: :class:`File`
+            The file to upload. This cannot be mixed with ``files`` parameter.
+        files: List[:class:`File`]
+            A list of files to send with the content. This cannot be mixed with the
+            ``file`` parameter.
+        allowed_mentions: :class:`AllowedMentions`
+            Controls the mentions being processed in this message.
+            See :meth:`.abc.Messageable.send` for more information.
+        view: Optional[:class:`~discord.ui.View`]
+            The updated view to update this message with. If ``None`` is passed then
+            the view is removed.
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        HTTPException
+            Editing the message failed.
+        Forbidden
+            Edited a message that is not yours.
+        TypeError
+            You specified both ``embed`` and ``embeds`` or ``file`` and ``files``
+        ValueError
+            The length of ``embeds`` was invalid.
+
+        Returns
+        ---------
+        :class:`InteractionMessage`
+            The newly edited message.
+        """
+        return await self._state._interaction.edit_original_message(
+            content=content,
+            embeds=embeds,
+            embed=embed,
+            file=file,
+            files=files,
+            view=view,
+            allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
+        )
+
+    async def delete(self, *, delay: Optional[float] = None) -> None:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Deletes the message.
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        delay: Optional[:class:`float`]
+            If provided, the number of seconds to wait before deleting the message.
+            The waiting is done in the background and deletion failures are ignored.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        Forbidden
+            You do not have proper permissions to delete the message.
+        NotFound
+            The message was deleted already.
+        HTTPException
+            Deleting the message failed.
+        """
+
+        if delay is not None:
+
+            async def inner_call(delay: float = delay):
+                await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+                try:
+                    await self._state._interaction.delete_original_message()
+                except HTTPException:
+                    pass
+
+            asyncio.create_task(inner_call())
+        else:
+            await self._state._interaction.delete_original_message()

discord/invite.py

@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ from .enums import ChannelType, VerificationLevel, InviteTarget, try_enum
 from .appinfo import PartialAppInfo
 
 __all__ = (
-    'PartialInviteChannel',
-    'PartialInviteGuild',
-    'Invite',
+    "PartialInviteChannel",
+    "PartialInviteGuild",
+    "Invite",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .abc import GuildChannel
     from .user import User
 
-    InviteGuildType = Union[Guild, 'PartialInviteGuild', Object]
-    InviteChannelType = Union[GuildChannel, 'PartialInviteChannel', Object]
+    InviteGuildType = Union[Guild, "PartialInviteGuild", Object]
+    InviteChannelType = Union[GuildChannel, "PartialInviteChannel", Object]
 
     import datetime
 
@@ -92,23 +92,23 @@ class PartialInviteChannel:
         The partial channel's type.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('id', 'name', 'type')
+    __slots__ = ("id", "name", "type")
 
     def __init__(self, data: InviteChannelPayload):
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self.type: ChannelType = try_enum(ChannelType, data['type'])
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.type: ChannelType = try_enum(ChannelType, data["type"])
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.name
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<PartialInviteChannel id={self.id} name={self.name} type={self.type!r}>'
+        return f"<PartialInviteChannel id={self.id} name={self.name} type={self.type!r}>"
 
     @property
     def mention(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The string that allows you to mention the channel."""
-        return f'<#{self.id}>'
+        return f"<#{self.id}>"
 
     @property
     def created_at(self) -> datetime.datetime:
@@ -154,26 +154,26 @@ class PartialInviteGuild:
         The partial guild's description.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_state', 'features', '_icon', '_banner', 'id', 'name', '_splash', 'verification_level', 'description')
+    __slots__ = ("_state", "features", "_icon", "_banner", "id", "name", "_splash", "verification_level", "description")
 
     def __init__(self, state: ConnectionState, data: InviteGuildPayload, id: int):
         self._state: ConnectionState = state
         self.id: int = id
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self.features: List[str] = data.get('features', [])
-        self._icon: Optional[str] = data.get('icon')
-        self._banner: Optional[str] = data.get('banner')
-        self._splash: Optional[str] = data.get('splash')
-        self.verification_level: VerificationLevel = try_enum(VerificationLevel, data.get('verification_level'))
-        self.description: Optional[str] = data.get('description')
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.features: List[str] = data.get("features", [])
+        self._icon: Optional[str] = data.get("icon")
+        self._banner: Optional[str] = data.get("banner")
+        self._splash: Optional[str] = data.get("splash")
+        self.verification_level: VerificationLevel = try_enum(VerificationLevel, data.get("verification_level"))
+        self.description: Optional[str] = data.get("description")
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.name
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r} features={self.features} '
-            f'description={self.description!r}>'
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r} features={self.features} "
+            f"description={self.description!r}>"
         )
 
     @property
@@ -193,17 +193,17 @@ class PartialInviteGuild:
         """Optional[:class:`Asset`]: Returns the guild's banner asset, if available."""
         if self._banner is None:
             return None
-        return Asset._from_guild_image(self._state, self.id, self._banner, path='banners')
+        return Asset._from_guild_image(self._state, self.id, self._banner, path="banners")
 
     @property
     def splash(self) -> Optional[Asset]:
         """Optional[:class:`Asset`]: Returns the guild's invite splash asset, if available."""
         if self._splash is None:
             return None
-        return Asset._from_guild_image(self._state, self.id, self._splash, path='splashes')
+        return Asset._from_guild_image(self._state, self.id, self._splash, path="splashes")
 
 
-I = TypeVar('I', bound='Invite')
+I = TypeVar("I", bound="Invite")
 
 
 class Invite(Hashable):
@@ -230,6 +230,7 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
 
             Returns the invite URL.
 
+
     The following table illustrates what methods will obtain the attributes:
 
     +------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------+
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
     Attributes
     -----------
     max_age: :class:`int`
-        How long the before the invite expires in seconds.
+        How long before the invite expires in seconds.
         A value of ``0`` indicates that it doesn't expire.
     code: :class:`str`
         The URL fragment used for the invite.
@@ -307,26 +308,26 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'max_age',
-        'code',
-        'guild',
-        'revoked',
-        'created_at',
-        'uses',
-        'temporary',
-        'max_uses',
-        'inviter',
-        'channel',
-        'target_user',
-        'target_type',
-        '_state',
-        'approximate_member_count',
-        'approximate_presence_count',
-        'target_application',
-        'expires_at',
+        "max_age",
+        "code",
+        "guild",
+        "revoked",
+        "created_at",
+        "uses",
+        "temporary",
+        "max_uses",
+        "inviter",
+        "channel",
+        "target_user",
+        "target_type",
+        "_state",
+        "approximate_member_count",
+        "approximate_presence_count",
+        "target_application",
+        "expires_at",
     )
 
-    BASE = 'https://discord.gg'
+    BASE = "https://discord.gg"
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -337,31 +338,33 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
         channel: Optional[Union[PartialInviteChannel, GuildChannel]] = None,
     ):
         self._state: ConnectionState = state
-        self.max_age: Optional[int] = data.get('max_age')
-        self.code: str = data['code']
-        self.guild: Optional[InviteGuildType] = self._resolve_guild(data.get('guild'), guild)
-        self.revoked: Optional[bool] = data.get('revoked')
-        self.created_at: Optional[datetime.datetime] = parse_time(data.get('created_at'))
-        self.temporary: Optional[bool] = data.get('temporary')
-        self.uses: Optional[int] = data.get('uses')
-        self.max_uses: Optional[int] = data.get('max_uses')
-        self.approximate_presence_count: Optional[int] = data.get('approximate_presence_count')
-        self.approximate_member_count: Optional[int] = data.get('approximate_member_count')
+        self.max_age: Optional[int] = data.get("max_age")
+        self.code: str = data["code"]
+        self.guild: Optional[InviteGuildType] = self._resolve_guild(data.get("guild"), guild)
+        self.revoked: Optional[bool] = data.get("revoked")
+        self.created_at: Optional[datetime.datetime] = parse_time(data.get("created_at"))
+        self.temporary: Optional[bool] = data.get("temporary")
+        self.uses: Optional[int] = data.get("uses")
+        self.max_uses: Optional[int] = data.get("max_uses")
+        self.approximate_presence_count: Optional[int] = data.get("approximate_presence_count")
+        self.approximate_member_count: Optional[int] = data.get("approximate_member_count")
 
-        expires_at = data.get('expires_at', None)
+        expires_at = data.get("expires_at", None)
         self.expires_at: Optional[datetime.datetime] = parse_time(expires_at) if expires_at else None
 
-        inviter_data = data.get('inviter')
-        self.inviter: Optional[User] = None if inviter_data is None else self._state.store_user(inviter_data)
+        inviter_data = data.get("inviter")
+        self.inviter: Optional[User] = None if inviter_data is None else self._state.create_user(inviter_data)
 
-        self.channel: Optional[InviteChannelType] = self._resolve_channel(data.get('channel'), channel)
+        self.channel: Optional[InviteChannelType] = self._resolve_channel(data.get("channel"), channel)
 
-        target_user_data = data.get('target_user')
-        self.target_user: Optional[User] = None if target_user_data is None else self._state.store_user(target_user_data)
+        target_user_data = data.get("target_user")
+        self.target_user: Optional[User] = (
+            None if target_user_data is None else self._state.create_user(target_user_data)
+        )
 
         self.target_type: InviteTarget = try_enum(InviteTarget, data.get("target_type", 0))
 
-        application = data.get('target_application')
+        application = data.get("target_application")
         self.target_application: Optional[PartialAppInfo] = (
             PartialAppInfo(data=application, state=state) if application else None
         )
@@ -370,12 +373,12 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
     def from_incomplete(cls: Type[I], *, state: ConnectionState, data: InvitePayload) -> I:
         guild: Optional[Union[Guild, PartialInviteGuild]]
         try:
-            guild_data = data['guild']
+            guild_data = data["guild"]
         except KeyError:
             # If we're here, then this is a group DM
             guild = None
         else:
-            guild_id = int(guild_data['id'])
+            guild_id = int(guild_data["id"])
             guild = state._get_guild(guild_id)
             if guild is None:
                 # If it's not cached, then it has to be a partial guild
@@ -383,7 +386,7 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
 
         # As far as I know, invites always need a channel
         # So this should never raise.
-        channel: Union[PartialInviteChannel, GuildChannel] = PartialInviteChannel(data['channel'])
+        channel: Union[PartialInviteChannel, GuildChannel] = PartialInviteChannel(data["channel"])
         if guild is not None and not isinstance(guild, PartialInviteGuild):
             # Upgrade the partial data if applicable
             channel = guild.get_channel(channel.id) or channel
@@ -392,9 +395,9 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_gateway(cls: Type[I], *, state: ConnectionState, data: GatewayInvitePayload) -> I:
-        guild_id: Optional[int] = _get_as_snowflake(data, 'guild_id')
+        guild_id: Optional[int] = _get_as_snowflake(data, "guild_id")
         guild: Optional[Union[Guild, Object]] = state._get_guild(guild_id)
-        channel_id = int(data['channel_id'])
+        channel_id = int(data["channel_id"])
         if guild is not None:
             channel = guild.get_channel(channel_id) or Object(id=channel_id)  # type: ignore
         else:
@@ -414,7 +417,7 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
         if data is None:
             return None
 
-        guild_id = int(data['id'])
+        guild_id = int(data["id"])
         return PartialInviteGuild(self._state, data, guild_id)
 
     def _resolve_channel(
@@ -433,11 +436,14 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.url
 
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
+        return 0  # To keep the object compatible with the hashable abc.
+
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'<Invite code={self.code!r} guild={self.guild!r} '
-            f'online={self.approximate_presence_count} '
-            f'members={self.approximate_member_count}>'
+            f"<Invite code={self.code!r} guild={self.guild!r} "
+            f"online={self.approximate_presence_count} "
+            f"members={self.approximate_member_count}>"
         )
 
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
@@ -451,7 +457,7 @@ class Invite(Hashable):
     @property
     def url(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: A property that retrieves the invite URL."""
-        return self.BASE + '/' + self.code
+        return self.BASE + "/" + self.code
 
     async def delete(self, *, reason: Optional[str] = None):
         """|coro|

discord/iterators.py

@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ from .object import Object
 from .audit_logs import AuditLogEntry
 
 __all__ = (
-    'ReactionIterator',
-    'HistoryIterator',
-    'AuditLogIterator',
-    'GuildIterator',
-    'MemberIterator',
+    "ReactionIterator",
+    "HistoryIterator",
+    "AuditLogIterator",
+    "GuildIterator",
+    "MemberIterator",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .threads import Thread
     from .abc import Snowflake
 
-T = TypeVar('T')
-OT = TypeVar('OT')
+T = TypeVar("T")
+OT = TypeVar("OT")
 _Func = Callable[[T], Union[OT, Awaitable[OT]]]
 
 OLDEST_OBJECT = Object(id=0)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class _AsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
     def get(self, **attrs: Any) -> Awaitable[Optional[T]]:
         def predicate(elem: T):
             for attr, val in attrs.items():
-                nested = attr.split('__')
+                nested = attr.split("__")
                 obj = elem
                 for attribute in nested:
                     obj = getattr(obj, attribute)
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class _AsyncIterator(AsyncIterator[T]):
 
     def chunk(self, max_size: int) -> _ChunkedAsyncIterator[T]:
         if max_size <= 0:
-            raise ValueError('async iterator chunk sizes must be greater than 0.')
+            raise ValueError("async iterator chunk sizes must be greater than 0.")
         return _ChunkedAsyncIterator(self, max_size)
 
     def map(self, func: _Func[T, OT]) -> _MappedAsyncIterator[OT]:
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class _FilteredAsyncIterator(_AsyncIterator[T]):
                 return item
 
 
-class ReactionIterator(_AsyncIterator[Union['User', 'Member']]):
+class ReactionIterator(_AsyncIterator[Union["User", "Member"]]):
     def __init__(self, message, emoji, limit=100, after=None):
         self.message = message
         self.limit = limit
@@ -218,14 +218,14 @@ class ReactionIterator(_AsyncIterator[Union['User', 'Member']]):
 
             if data:
                 self.limit -= retrieve
-                self.after = Object(id=int(data[-1]['id']))
+                self.after = Object(id=int(data[-1]["id"]))
 
             if self.guild is None or isinstance(self.guild, Object):
                 for element in reversed(data):
                     await self.users.put(User(state=self.state, data=element))
             else:
                 for element in reversed(data):
-                    member_id = int(element['id'])
+                    member_id = int(element["id"])
                     member = self.guild.get_member(member_id)
                     if member is not None:
                         await self.users.put(member)
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ class ReactionIterator(_AsyncIterator[Union['User', 'Member']]):
                         await self.users.put(User(state=self.state, data=element))
 
 
-class HistoryIterator(_AsyncIterator['Message']):
+class HistoryIterator(_AsyncIterator["Message"]):
     """Iterator for receiving a channel's message history.
 
     The messages endpoint has two behaviours we care about here:
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ class HistoryIterator(_AsyncIterator['Message']):
 
         if self.around:
             if self.limit is None:
-                raise ValueError('history does not support around with limit=None')
+                raise ValueError("history does not support around with limit=None")
             if self.limit > 101:
                 raise ValueError("history max limit 101 when specifying around parameter")
             elif self.limit == 101:
@@ -303,20 +303,20 @@ class HistoryIterator(_AsyncIterator['Message']):
 
             self._retrieve_messages = self._retrieve_messages_around_strategy  # type: ignore
             if self.before and self.after:
-                self._filter = lambda m: self.after.id < int(m['id']) < self.before.id
+                self._filter = lambda m: self.after.id < int(m["id"]) < self.before.id
             elif self.before:
-                self._filter = lambda m: int(m['id']) < self.before.id
+                self._filter = lambda m: int(m["id"]) < self.before.id
             elif self.after:
-                self._filter = lambda m: self.after.id < int(m['id'])
+                self._filter = lambda m: self.after.id < int(m["id"])
         else:
             if self.reverse:
                 self._retrieve_messages = self._retrieve_messages_after_strategy  # type: ignore
                 if self.before:
-                    self._filter = lambda m: int(m['id']) < self.before.id
+                    self._filter = lambda m: int(m["id"]) < self.before.id
             else:
                 self._retrieve_messages = self._retrieve_messages_before_strategy  # type: ignore
                 if self.after and self.after != OLDEST_OBJECT:
-                    self._filter = lambda m: int(m['id']) > self.after.id
+                    self._filter = lambda m: int(m["id"]) > self.after.id
 
     async def next(self) -> Message:
         if self.messages.empty():
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ class HistoryIterator(_AsyncIterator['Message']):
         return r > 0
 
     async def fill_messages(self):
-        if not hasattr(self, 'channel'):
+        if not hasattr(self, "channel"):
             # do the required set up
             channel = await self.messageable._get_channel()
             self.channel = channel
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ class HistoryIterator(_AsyncIterator['Message']):
         if len(data):
             if self.limit is not None:
                 self.limit -= retrieve
-            self.before = Object(id=int(data[-1]['id']))
+            self.before = Object(id=int(data[-1]["id"]))
         return data
 
     async def _retrieve_messages_after_strategy(self, retrieve):
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ class HistoryIterator(_AsyncIterator['Message']):
         if len(data):
             if self.limit is not None:
                 self.limit -= retrieve
-            self.after = Object(id=int(data[0]['id']))
+            self.after = Object(id=int(data[0]["id"]))
         return data
 
     async def _retrieve_messages_around_strategy(self, retrieve):
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ class HistoryIterator(_AsyncIterator['Message']):
         return []
 
 
-class AuditLogIterator(_AsyncIterator['AuditLogEntry']):
+class AuditLogIterator(_AsyncIterator["AuditLogEntry"]):
     def __init__(self, guild, limit=None, before=None, after=None, oldest_first=None, user_id=None, action_type=None):
         if isinstance(before, datetime.datetime):
             before = Object(id=time_snowflake(before, high=False))
@@ -420,11 +420,11 @@ class AuditLogIterator(_AsyncIterator['AuditLogEntry']):
         if self.reverse:
             self._strategy = self._after_strategy
             if self.before:
-                self._filter = lambda m: int(m['id']) < self.before.id
+                self._filter = lambda m: int(m["id"]) < self.before.id
         else:
             self._strategy = self._before_strategy
             if self.after and self.after != OLDEST_OBJECT:
-                self._filter = lambda m: int(m['id']) > self.after.id
+                self._filter = lambda m: int(m["id"]) > self.after.id
 
     async def _before_strategy(self, retrieve):
         before = self.before.id if self.before else None
@@ -432,24 +432,24 @@ class AuditLogIterator(_AsyncIterator['AuditLogEntry']):
             self.guild.id, limit=retrieve, user_id=self.user_id, action_type=self.action_type, before=before
         )
 
-        entries = data.get('audit_log_entries', [])
+        entries = data.get("audit_log_entries", [])
         if len(data) and entries:
             if self.limit is not None:
                 self.limit -= retrieve
-            self.before = Object(id=int(entries[-1]['id']))
-        return data.get('users', []), entries
+            self.before = Object(id=int(entries[-1]["id"]))
+        return data.get("users", []), entries
 
     async def _after_strategy(self, retrieve):
         after = self.after.id if self.after else None
         data: AuditLogPayload = await self.request(
             self.guild.id, limit=retrieve, user_id=self.user_id, action_type=self.action_type, after=after
         )
-        entries = data.get('audit_log_entries', [])
+        entries = data.get("audit_log_entries", [])
         if len(data) and entries:
             if self.limit is not None:
                 self.limit -= retrieve
-            self.after = Object(id=int(entries[0]['id']))
-        return data.get('users', []), entries
+            self.after = Object(id=int(entries[0]["id"]))
+        return data.get("users", []), entries
 
     async def next(self) -> AuditLogEntry:
         if self.entries.empty():
@@ -488,13 +488,13 @@ class AuditLogIterator(_AsyncIterator['AuditLogEntry']):
 
             for element in data:
                 # TODO: remove this if statement later
-                if element['action_type'] is None:
+                if element["action_type"] is None:
                     continue
 
                 await self.entries.put(AuditLogEntry(data=element, users=self._users, guild=self.guild))
 
 
-class GuildIterator(_AsyncIterator['Guild']):
+class GuildIterator(_AsyncIterator["Guild"]):
     """Iterator for receiving the client's guilds.
 
     The guilds endpoint has the same two behaviours as described
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ class GuildIterator(_AsyncIterator['Guild']):
 
         if self.before and self.after:
             self._retrieve_guilds = self._retrieve_guilds_before_strategy  # type: ignore
-            self._filter = lambda m: int(m['id']) > self.after.id
+            self._filter = lambda m: int(m["id"]) > self.after.id
         elif self.after:
             self._retrieve_guilds = self._retrieve_guilds_after_strategy  # type: ignore
         else:
@@ -595,7 +595,7 @@ class GuildIterator(_AsyncIterator['Guild']):
         if len(data):
             if self.limit is not None:
                 self.limit -= retrieve
-            self.before = Object(id=int(data[-1]['id']))
+            self.before = Object(id=int(data[-1]["id"]))
         return data
 
     async def _retrieve_guilds_after_strategy(self, retrieve):
@@ -605,11 +605,11 @@ class GuildIterator(_AsyncIterator['Guild']):
         if len(data):
             if self.limit is not None:
                 self.limit -= retrieve
-            self.after = Object(id=int(data[0]['id']))
+            self.after = Object(id=int(data[0]["id"]))
         return data
 
 
-class MemberIterator(_AsyncIterator['Member']):
+class MemberIterator(_AsyncIterator["Member"]):
     def __init__(self, guild, limit=1000, after=None):
 
         if isinstance(after, datetime.datetime):
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ class MemberIterator(_AsyncIterator['Member']):
             if len(data) < 1000:
                 self.limit = 0  # terminate loop
 
-            self.after = Object(id=int(data[-1]['user']['id']))
+            self.after = Object(id=int(data[-1]["user"]["id"]))
 
             for element in reversed(data):
                 await self.members.put(self.create_member(element))
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ class MemberIterator(_AsyncIterator['Member']):
         return Member(data=data, guild=self.guild, state=self.state)
 
 
-class ArchivedThreadIterator(_AsyncIterator['Thread']):
+class ArchivedThreadIterator(_AsyncIterator["Thread"]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         channel_id: int,
@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ class ArchivedThreadIterator(_AsyncIterator['Thread']):
         self.http = guild._state.http
 
         if joined and not private:
-            raise ValueError('Cannot iterate over joined public archived threads')
+            raise ValueError("Cannot iterate over joined public archived threads")
 
         self.before: Optional[str]
         if before is None:
@@ -721,11 +721,11 @@ class ArchivedThreadIterator(_AsyncIterator['Thread']):
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_archive_timestamp(data: ThreadPayload) -> str:
-        return data['thread_metadata']['archive_timestamp']
+        return data["thread_metadata"]["archive_timestamp"]
 
     @staticmethod
     def get_thread_id(data: ThreadPayload) -> str:
-        return data['id']  # type: ignore
+        return data["id"]  # type: ignore
 
     async def fill_queue(self) -> None:
         if not self.has_more:
@@ -735,11 +735,11 @@ class ArchivedThreadIterator(_AsyncIterator['Thread']):
         data = await self.endpoint(self.channel_id, before=self.before, limit=limit)
 
         # This stuff is obviously WIP because 'members' is always empty
-        threads: List[ThreadPayload] = data.get('threads', [])
+        threads: List[ThreadPayload] = data.get("threads", [])
         for d in reversed(threads):
             self.queue.put_nowait(self.create_thread(d))
 
-        self.has_more = data.get('has_more', False)
+        self.has_more = data.get("has_more", False)
         if self.limit is not None:
             self.limit -= len(threads)
             if self.limit <= 0:
@@ -750,4 +750,5 @@ class ArchivedThreadIterator(_AsyncIterator['Thread']):
 
     def create_thread(self, data: ThreadPayload) -> Thread:
         from .threads import Thread
-        return Thread(guild=self.guild, data=data)
+
+        return Thread(guild=self.guild, state=self.guild._state, data=data)

discord/member.py

@@ -29,29 +29,46 @@ import inspect
 import itertools
 import sys
 from operator import attrgetter
-from typing import List, Literal, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Union, overload
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Literal, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union, overload
 
 import discord.abc
 
 from . import utils
-from .user import BaseUser, User
-from .activity import create_activity
+from .asset import Asset
+from .utils import MISSING
+from .user import BaseUser, User, _UserTag
+from .activity import create_activity, ActivityTypes
 from .permissions import Permissions
 from .enums import Status, try_enum
 from .colour import Colour
 from .object import Object
 
 __all__ = (
-    'VoiceState',
-    'Member',
+    "VoiceState",
+    "Member",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .channel import VoiceChannel, StageChannel
+    from .asset import Asset
+    from .channel import DMChannel, VoiceChannel, StageChannel
+    from .flags import PublicUserFlags
+    from .guild import Guild
+    from .types.activity import PartialPresenceUpdate
+    from .types.member import (
+        MemberWithUser as MemberWithUserPayload,
+        Member as MemberPayload,
+        UserWithMember as UserWithMemberPayload,
+    )
+    from .types.user import User as UserPayload
     from .abc import Snowflake
+    from .state import ConnectionState
+    from .message import Message
+    from .role import Role
+    from .types.voice import VoiceState as VoiceStatePayload
 
     VocalGuildChannel = Union[VoiceChannel, StageChannel]
 
+
 class VoiceState:
     """Represents a Discord user's voice state.
 
@@ -95,42 +112,55 @@ class VoiceState:
         is not currently in a voice channel.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('session_id', 'deaf', 'mute', 'self_mute',
-                 'self_stream', 'self_video', 'self_deaf', 'afk', 'channel',
-                 'requested_to_speak_at', 'suppress')
+    __slots__ = (
+        "session_id",
+        "deaf",
+        "mute",
+        "self_mute",
+        "self_stream",
+        "self_video",
+        "self_deaf",
+        "afk",
+        "channel",
+        "requested_to_speak_at",
+        "suppress",
+    )
 
-    def __init__(self, *, data, channel=None):
-        self.session_id = data.get('session_id')
+    def __init__(self, *, data: VoiceStatePayload, channel: Optional[VocalGuildChannel] = None):
+        self.session_id: str = data.get("session_id")
         self._update(data, channel)
 
-    def _update(self, data, channel):
-        self.self_mute = data.get('self_mute', False)
-        self.self_deaf = data.get('self_deaf', False)
-        self.self_stream = data.get('self_stream', False)
-        self.self_video = data.get('self_video', False)
-        self.afk = data.get('suppress', False)
-        self.mute = data.get('mute', False)
-        self.deaf = data.get('deaf', False)
-        self.suppress = data.get('suppress', False)
-        self.requested_to_speak_at = utils.parse_time(data.get('request_to_speak_timestamp'))
-        self.channel = channel
+    def _update(self, data: VoiceStatePayload, channel: Optional[VocalGuildChannel]):
+        self.self_mute: bool = data.get("self_mute", False)
+        self.self_deaf: bool = data.get("self_deaf", False)
+        self.self_stream: bool = data.get("self_stream", False)
+        self.self_video: bool = data.get("self_video", False)
+        self.afk: bool = data.get("suppress", False)
+        self.mute: bool = data.get("mute", False)
+        self.deaf: bool = data.get("deaf", False)
+        self.suppress: bool = data.get("suppress", False)
+        self.requested_to_speak_at: Optional[datetime.datetime] = utils.parse_time(
+            data.get("request_to_speak_timestamp")
+        )
+        self.channel: Optional[VocalGuildChannel] = channel
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         attrs = [
-            ('self_mute', self.self_mute),
-            ('self_deaf', self.self_deaf),
-            ('self_stream', self.self_stream),
-            ('suppress', self.suppress),
-            ('requested_to_speak_at', self.requested_to_speak_at),
-            ('channel', self.channel)
+            ("self_mute", self.self_mute),
+            ("self_deaf", self.self_deaf),
+            ("self_stream", self.self_stream),
+            ("suppress", self.suppress),
+            ("requested_to_speak_at", self.requested_to_speak_at),
+            ("channel", self.channel),
         ]
-        inner = ' '.join('%s=%r' % t for t in attrs)
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} {inner}>'
+        inner = " ".join("%s=%r" % t for t in attrs)
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {inner}>"
+
 
 def flatten_user(cls):
     for attr, value in itertools.chain(BaseUser.__dict__.items(), User.__dict__.items()):
         # ignore private/special methods
-        if attr.startswith('_'):
+        if attr.startswith("_"):
             continue
 
         # don't override what we already have
@@ -139,9 +169,9 @@ def flatten_user(cls):
 
         # if it's a slotted attribute or a property, redirect it
         # slotted members are implemented as member_descriptors in Type.__dict__
-        if not hasattr(value, '__annotations__'):
-            getter = attrgetter('_user.' + attr)
-            setattr(cls, attr, property(getter, doc=f'Equivalent to :attr:`User.{attr}`'))
+        if not hasattr(value, "__annotations__"):
+            getter = attrgetter("_user." + attr)
+            setattr(cls, attr, property(getter, doc=f"Equivalent to :attr:`User.{attr}`"))
         else:
             # Technically, this can also use attrgetter
             # However I'm not sure how I feel about "functions" returning properties
@@ -150,9 +180,12 @@ def flatten_user(cls):
             def generate_function(x):
                 # We want sphinx to properly show coroutine functions as coroutines
                 if inspect.iscoroutinefunction(value):
-                    async def general(self, *args, **kwargs):
+
+                    async def general(self, *args, **kwargs):  # type: ignore
                         return await getattr(self._user, x)(*args, **kwargs)
+
                 else:
+
                     def general(self, *args, **kwargs):
                         return getattr(self._user, x)(*args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -165,10 +198,12 @@ def flatten_user(cls):
 
     return cls
 
-_BaseUser = discord.abc.User
+
+M = TypeVar("M", bound="Member")
+
 
 @flatten_user
-class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
+class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _UserTag):
     """Represents a Discord member to a :class:`Guild`.
 
     This implements a lot of the functionality of :class:`User`.
@@ -193,6 +228,10 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
 
             Returns the member's name with the discriminator.
 
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the user's ID.
+
     Attributes
     ----------
     joined_at: Optional[:class:`datetime.datetime`]
@@ -217,69 +256,103 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         .. versionadded:: 1.6
     premium_since: Optional[:class:`datetime.datetime`]
         An aware datetime object that specifies the date and time in UTC when the member used their
-        Nitro boost on the guild, if available. This could be ``None``.
+        "Nitro boost" on the guild, if available. This could be ``None``.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_roles', 'joined_at', 'premium_since', '_client_status',
-                 'activities', 'guild', 'pending', 'nick', '_user', '_state')
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_roles",
+        "joined_at",
+        "premium_since",
+        "activities",
+        "guild",
+        "pending",
+        "nick",
+        "_client_status",
+        "_user",
+        "_state",
+        "_avatar",
+    )
 
-    def __init__(self, *, data, guild, state):
-        self._state = state
-        self._user = state.store_user(data['user'])
-        self.guild = guild
-        self.joined_at = utils.parse_time(data.get('joined_at'))
-        self.premium_since = utils.parse_time(data.get('premium_since'))
-        self._update_roles(data)
-        self._client_status = {
-            None: 'offline'
-        }
-        self.activities = []
-        self.nick = data.get('nick', None)
-        self.pending = data.get('pending', False)
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        name: str
+        id: int
+        discriminator: str
+        bot: bool
+        system: bool
+        created_at: datetime.datetime
+        default_avatar: Asset
+        avatar: Optional[Asset]
+        dm_channel: Optional[DMChannel]
+        create_dm = User.create_dm
+        mutual_guilds: List[Guild]
+        public_flags: PublicUserFlags
+        banner: Optional[Asset]
+        accent_color: Optional[Colour]
+        accent_colour: Optional[Colour]
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __init__(self, *, data: MemberWithUserPayload, guild: Guild, state: ConnectionState):
+        self._state: ConnectionState = state
+        self._user: User = state.store_user(data["user"])
+        self.guild: Guild = guild
+        self.joined_at: Optional[datetime.datetime] = utils.parse_time(data.get("joined_at"))
+        self.premium_since: Optional[datetime.datetime] = utils.parse_time(data.get("premium_since"))
+        self._roles: utils.SnowflakeList = utils.SnowflakeList(map(int, data["roles"]))
+        self._client_status: Dict[Optional[str], str] = {None: "offline"}
+        self.activities: Tuple[ActivityTypes, ...] = tuple()
+        self.nick: Optional[str] = data.get("nick", None)
+        self.pending: bool = data.get("pending", False)
+        self._avatar: Optional[str] = data.get("avatar")
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return str(self._user)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<Member id={self._user.id} name={self._user.name!r} discriminator={self._user.discriminator!r}' \
-               f' bot={self._user.bot} nick={self.nick!r} guild={self.guild!r}>'
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
+        return self.id
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        return isinstance(other, _BaseUser) and other.id == self.id
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return (
+            f"<Member id={self._user.id} name={self._user.name!r} discriminator={self._user.discriminator!r}"
+            f" bot={self._user.bot} nick={self.nick!r} guild={self.guild!r}>"
+        )
 
-    def __ne__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, _UserTag) and other.id == self.id
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self._user)
 
     @classmethod
-    def _from_message(cls, *, message, data):
+    def _from_message(cls: Type[M], *, message: Message, data: MemberPayload) -> M:
         author = message.author
-        data['user'] = author._to_minimal_user_json()
-        return cls(data=data, guild=message.guild, state=message._state)
+        data["user"] = author._to_minimal_user_json()  # type: ignore
+        return cls(data=data, guild=message.guild, state=message._state)  # type: ignore
 
-    def _update_from_message(self, data):
-        self.joined_at = utils.parse_time(data.get('joined_at'))
-        self.premium_since = utils.parse_time(data.get('premium_since'))
-        self._update_roles(data)
-        self.nick = data.get('nick', None)
-        self.pending = data.get('pending', False)
+    def _update_from_message(self, data: MemberPayload) -> None:
+        self.joined_at = utils.parse_time(data.get("joined_at"))
+        self.premium_since = utils.parse_time(data.get("premium_since"))
+        self._roles = utils.SnowflakeList(map(int, data["roles"]))
+        self.nick = data.get("nick", None)
+        self.pending = data.get("pending", False)
 
     @classmethod
-    def _try_upgrade(cls, *,  data, guild, state):
+    def _try_upgrade(
+        cls: Type[M], *, data: UserWithMemberPayload, guild: Guild, state: ConnectionState
+    ) -> Union[User, M]:
         # A User object with a 'member' key
         try:
-            member_data = data.pop('member')
+            member_data = data.pop("member")
         except KeyError:
-            return state.store_user(data)
+            return state.create_user(data)
         else:
-            member_data['user'] = data
-            return cls(data=member_data, guild=guild, state=state)
+            member_data["user"] = data  # type: ignore
+            return cls(data=member_data, guild=guild, state=state)  # type: ignore
 
     @classmethod
-    def _copy(cls, member):
-        self = cls.__new__(cls) # to bypass __init__
+    def _copy(cls: Type[M], member: M) -> M:
+        self: M = cls.__new__(cls)  # to bypass __init__
 
         self._roles = utils.SnowflakeList(member._roles, is_sorted=True)
         self.joined_at = member.joined_at
@@ -290,6 +363,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         self.pending = member.pending
         self.activities = member.activities
         self._state = member._state
+        self._avatar = member._avatar
 
         # Reference will not be copied unless necessary by PRESENCE_UPDATE
         # See below
@@ -300,42 +374,39 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         ch = await self.create_dm()
         return ch
 
-    def _update_roles(self, data):
-        self._roles = utils.SnowflakeList(map(int, data['roles']))
-
-    def _update(self, data):
+    def _update(self, data: MemberPayload) -> None:
         # the nickname change is optional,
         # if it isn't in the payload then it didn't change
         try:
-            self.nick = data['nick']
+            self.nick = data["nick"]
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
         try:
-            self.pending = data['pending']
+            self.pending = data["pending"]
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
-        self.premium_since = utils.parse_time(data.get('premium_since'))
-        self._update_roles(data)
+        self.premium_since = utils.parse_time(data.get("premium_since"))
+        self._roles = utils.SnowflakeList(map(int, data["roles"]))
+        self._avatar = data.get("avatar")
 
-    def _presence_update(self, data, user):
-        self.activities = tuple(map(create_activity, data['activities']))
+    def _presence_update(self, data: PartialPresenceUpdate, user: UserPayload) -> Optional[Tuple[User, User]]:
+        self.activities = tuple(map(create_activity, data["activities"]))
         self._client_status = {
-            sys.intern(key): sys.intern(value)
-            for key, value in data.get('client_status', {}).items()
+            sys.intern(key): sys.intern(value) for key, value in data.get("client_status", {}).items()  # type: ignore
         }
-        self._client_status[None] = sys.intern(data['status'])
+        self._client_status[None] = sys.intern(data["status"])
 
         if len(user) > 1:
             return self._update_inner_user(user)
-        return False
+        return None
 
-    def _update_inner_user(self, user):
+    def _update_inner_user(self, user: UserPayload) -> Optional[Tuple[User, User]]:
         u = self._user
         original = (u.name, u._avatar, u.discriminator, u._public_flags)
         # These keys seem to always be available
-        modified = (user['username'], user['avatar'], user['discriminator'], user.get('public_flags', 0))
+        modified = (user["username"], user["avatar"], user["discriminator"], user.get("public_flags", 0))
         if original != modified:
             to_return = User._copy(self._user)
             u.name, u._avatar, u.discriminator, u._public_flags = modified
@@ -343,12 +414,12 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
             return to_return, u
 
     @property
-    def status(self):
+    def status(self) -> Status:
         """:class:`Status`: The member's overall status. If the value is unknown, then it will be a :class:`str` instead."""
         return try_enum(Status, self._client_status[None])
 
     @property
-    def raw_status(self):
+    def raw_status(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The member's overall status as a string value.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.5
@@ -356,31 +427,31 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         return self._client_status[None]
 
     @status.setter
-    def status(self, value):
+    def status(self, value: Status) -> None:
         # internal use only
         self._client_status[None] = str(value)
 
     @property
-    def mobile_status(self):
+    def mobile_status(self) -> Status:
         """:class:`Status`: The member's status on a mobile device, if applicable."""
-        return try_enum(Status, self._client_status.get('mobile', 'offline'))
+        return try_enum(Status, self._client_status.get("mobile", "offline"))
 
     @property
-    def desktop_status(self):
+    def desktop_status(self) -> Status:
         """:class:`Status`: The member's status on the desktop client, if applicable."""
-        return try_enum(Status, self._client_status.get('desktop', 'offline'))
+        return try_enum(Status, self._client_status.get("desktop", "offline"))
 
     @property
-    def web_status(self):
+    def web_status(self) -> Status:
         """:class:`Status`: The member's status on the web client, if applicable."""
-        return try_enum(Status, self._client_status.get('web', 'offline'))
+        return try_enum(Status, self._client_status.get("web", "offline"))
 
-    def is_on_mobile(self):
+    def is_on_mobile(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: A helper function that determines if a member is active on a mobile device."""
-        return 'mobile' in self._client_status
+        return "mobile" in self._client_status
 
     @property
-    def colour(self):
+    def colour(self) -> Colour:
         """:class:`Colour`: A property that returns a colour denoting the rendered colour
         for the member. If the default colour is the one rendered then an instance
         of :meth:`Colour.default` is returned.
@@ -388,7 +459,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         There is an alias for this named :attr:`color`.
         """
 
-        roles = self.roles[1:] # remove @everyone
+        roles = self.roles[1:]  # remove @everyone
 
         # highest order of the colour is the one that gets rendered.
         # if the highest is the default colour then the next one with a colour
@@ -399,7 +470,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         return Colour.default()
 
     @property
-    def color(self):
+    def color(self) -> Colour:
         """:class:`Colour`: A property that returns a color denoting the rendered color for
         the member. If the default color is the one rendered then an instance of :meth:`Colour.default`
         is returned.
@@ -409,7 +480,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         return self.colour
 
     @property
-    def roles(self):
+    def roles(self) -> List[Role]:
         """List[:class:`Role`]: A :class:`list` of :class:`Role` that the member belongs to. Note
         that the first element of this list is always the default '@everyone'
         role.
@@ -427,14 +498,14 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         return result
 
     @property
-    def mention(self):
+    def mention(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: Returns a string that allows you to mention the member."""
         if self.nick:
-            return f'<@!{self._user.id}>'
-        return f'<@{self._user.id}>'
+            return f"<@!{self._user.id}>"
+        return f"<@{self._user.id}>"
 
     @property
-    def display_name(self):
+    def display_name(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: Returns the user's display name.
 
         For regular users this is just their username, but
@@ -444,8 +515,31 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         return self.nick or self.name
 
     @property
-    def activity(self):
-        """Union[:class:`BaseActivity`, :class:`Spotify`]: Returns the primary
+    def display_avatar(self) -> Asset:
+        """:class:`Asset`: Returns the member's display avatar.
+
+        For regular members this is just their avatar, but
+        if they have a guild specific avatar then that
+        is returned instead.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return self.guild_avatar or self._user.avatar or self._user.default_avatar
+
+    @property
+    def guild_avatar(self) -> Optional[Asset]:
+        """Optional[:class:`Asset`]: Returns an :class:`Asset` for the guild avatar
+        the member has. If unavailable, ``None`` is returned.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        if self._avatar is None:
+            return None
+        return Asset._from_guild_avatar(self._state, self.guild.id, self.id, self._avatar)
+
+    @property
+    def activity(self) -> Optional[ActivityTypes]:
+        """Optional[Union[:class:`BaseActivity`, :class:`Spotify`]]: Returns the primary
         activity the user is currently doing. Could be ``None`` if no activity is being done.
 
         .. note::
@@ -461,7 +555,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         if self.activities:
             return self.activities[0]
 
-    def mentioned_in(self, message):
+    def mentioned_in(self, message: Message) -> bool:
         """Checks if the member is mentioned in the specified message.
 
         Parameters
@@ -483,7 +577,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         return any(self._roles.has(role.id) for role in message.role_mentions)
 
     @property
-    def top_role(self):
+    def top_role(self) -> Role:
         """:class:`Role`: Returns the member's highest role.
 
         This is useful for figuring where a member stands in the role
@@ -496,7 +590,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         return max(guild.get_role(rid) or guild.default_role for rid in self._roles)
 
     @property
-    def guild_permissions(self):
+    def guild_permissions(self) -> Permissions:
         """:class:`Permissions`: Returns the member's guild permissions.
 
         This only takes into consideration the guild permissions
@@ -521,29 +615,21 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         return base
 
     @property
-    def voice(self):
+    def voice(self) -> Optional[VoiceState]:
         """Optional[:class:`VoiceState`]: Returns the member's current voice state."""
         return self.guild._voice_state_for(self._user.id)
 
-    @overload
     async def ban(
         self,
         *,
-        reason: Optional[str] = ...,
-        delete_message_days: Literal[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] = ...,
+        delete_message_days: Literal[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] = 1,
+        reason: Optional[str] = None,
     ) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    @overload
-    async def ban(self) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    async def ban(self, **kwargs):
         """|coro|
 
         Bans this member. Equivalent to :meth:`Guild.ban`.
         """
-        await self.guild.ban(self, **kwargs)
+        await self.guild.ban(self, reason=reason, delete_message_days=delete_message_days)
 
     async def unban(self, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """|coro|
@@ -559,25 +645,17 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         """
         await self.guild.kick(self, reason=reason)
 
-    @overload
     async def edit(
         self,
         *,
-        reason: Optional[str] = ...,
-        nick: Optional[str] = None,
-        mute: bool = ...,
-        deafen: bool = ...,
-        suppress: bool = ...,
-        roles: Optional[List[discord.abc.Snowflake]] = ...,
-        voice_channel: Optional[VocalGuildChannel] = ...,
-    ) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    @overload
-    async def edit(self) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    async def edit(self, *, reason=None, **fields):
+        nick: Optional[str] = MISSING,
+        mute: bool = MISSING,
+        deafen: bool = MISSING,
+        suppress: bool = MISSING,
+        roles: List[discord.abc.Snowflake] = MISSING,
+        voice_channel: Optional[VocalGuildChannel] = MISSING,
+        reason: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[Member]:
         """|coro|
 
         Edits the member's data.
@@ -603,6 +681,9 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         .. versionchanged:: 1.1
             Can now pass ``None`` to ``voice_channel`` to kick a member from voice.
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The newly member is now optionally returned, if applicable.
+
         Parameters
         -----------
         nick: Optional[:class:`str`]
@@ -616,7 +697,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
 
             .. versionadded:: 1.7
 
-        roles: Optional[List[:class:`Role`]]
+        roles: List[:class:`Role`]
             The member's new list of roles. This *replaces* the roles.
         voice_channel: Optional[:class:`VoiceChannel`]
             The voice channel to move the member to.
@@ -630,69 +711,58 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
             You do not have the proper permissions to the action requested.
         HTTPException
             The operation failed.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        Optional[:class:`.Member`]
+            The newly updated member, if applicable. This is only returned
+            when certain fields are updated.
         """
         http = self._state.http
         guild_id = self.guild.id
         me = self._state.self_id == self.id
-        payload = {}
+        payload: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
-        try:
-            nick = fields['nick']
-        except KeyError:
-            # nick not present so...
-            pass
-        else:
-            nick = nick or ''
+        if nick is not MISSING:
+            nick = nick or ""
             if me:
                 await http.change_my_nickname(guild_id, nick, reason=reason)
             else:
-                payload['nick'] = nick
+                payload["nick"] = nick
 
-        deafen = fields.get('deafen')
-        if deafen is not None:
-            payload['deaf'] = deafen
+        if deafen is not MISSING:
+            payload["deaf"] = deafen
 
-        mute = fields.get('mute')
-        if mute is not None:
-            payload['mute'] = mute
+        if mute is not MISSING:
+            payload["mute"] = mute
 
-        suppress = fields.get('suppress')
-        if suppress is not None:
+        if suppress is not MISSING:
             voice_state_payload = {
-                'channel_id': self.voice.channel.id,
-                'suppress': suppress,
+                "channel_id": self.voice.channel.id,
+                "suppress": suppress,
             }
 
             if suppress or self.bot:
-                voice_state_payload['request_to_speak_timestamp'] = None
+                voice_state_payload["request_to_speak_timestamp"] = None
 
             if me:
                 await http.edit_my_voice_state(guild_id, voice_state_payload)
             else:
                 if not suppress:
-                    voice_state_payload['request_to_speak_timestamp'] = datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
+                    voice_state_payload["request_to_speak_timestamp"] = datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat()
                 await http.edit_voice_state(guild_id, self.id, voice_state_payload)
 
-        try:
-            vc = fields['voice_channel']
-        except KeyError:
-            pass
-        else:
-            payload['channel_id'] = vc and vc.id
+        if voice_channel is not MISSING:
+            payload["channel_id"] = voice_channel and voice_channel.id
 
-        try:
-            roles = fields['roles']
-        except KeyError:
-            pass
-        else:
-            payload['roles'] = tuple(r.id for r in roles)
+        if roles is not MISSING:
+            payload["roles"] = tuple(r.id for r in roles)
 
         if payload:
-            await http.edit_member(guild_id, self.id, reason=reason, **payload)
+            data = await http.edit_member(guild_id, self.id, reason=reason, **payload)
+            return Member(data=data, guild=self.guild, state=self._state)
 
-        # TODO: wait for WS event for modify-in-place behaviour
-
-    async def request_to_speak(self):
+    async def request_to_speak(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Request to speak in the connected channel.
@@ -714,12 +784,12 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
             The operation failed.
         """
         payload = {
-            'channel_id': self.voice.channel.id,
-            'request_to_speak_timestamp': datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
+            "channel_id": self.voice.channel.id,
+            "request_to_speak_timestamp": datetime.datetime.utcnow().isoformat(),
         }
 
         if self._state.self_id != self.id:
-            payload['suppress'] = False
+            payload["suppress"] = False
             await self._state.http.edit_voice_state(self.guild.id, self.id, payload)
         else:
             await self._state.http.edit_my_voice_state(self.guild.id, payload)
@@ -747,7 +817,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         """
         await self.edit(voice_channel=channel, reason=reason)
 
-    async def add_roles(self, *roles: Snowflake, reason: Optional[str] = None, atomic: bool = True):
+    async def add_roles(self, *roles: Snowflake, reason: Optional[str] = None, atomic: bool = True) -> None:
         r"""|coro|
 
         Gives the member a number of :class:`Role`\s.
@@ -816,7 +886,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
         """
 
         if not atomic:
-            new_roles = [Object(id=r.id) for r in self.roles[1:]] # remove @everyone
+            new_roles = [Object(id=r.id) for r in self.roles[1:]]  # remove @everyone
             for role in roles:
                 try:
                     new_roles.remove(Object(id=role.id))
@@ -831,7 +901,7 @@ class Member(discord.abc.Messageable, _BaseUser):
             for role in roles:
                 await req(guild_id, user_id, role.id, reason=reason)
 
-    def get_role(self, role_id: int) -> Optional[discord.Role]:
+    def get_role(self, role_id: int, /) -> Optional[Role]:
         """Returns a role with the given ID from roles which the member has.
 
         .. versionadded:: 2.0

discord/mentions.py

@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 from __future__ import annotations
 from typing import Type, TypeVar, Union, List, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Union
 
-__all__ = (
-    'AllowedMentions',
-)
+__all__ = ("AllowedMentions",)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .types.message import AllowedMentions as AllowedMentionsPayload
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 class _FakeBool:
     def __repr__(self):
-        return 'True'
+        return "True"
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return other is True
@@ -47,7 +45,7 @@ class _FakeBool:
 
 default: Any = _FakeBool()
 
-A = TypeVar('A', bound='AllowedMentions')
+A = TypeVar("A", bound="AllowedMentions")
 
 
 class AllowedMentions:
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ class AllowedMentions:
         .. versionadded:: 1.6
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('everyone', 'users', 'roles', 'replied_user')
+    __slots__ = ("everyone", "users", "roles", "replied_user")
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -116,22 +114,22 @@ class AllowedMentions:
         data = {}
 
         if self.everyone:
-            parse.append('everyone')
+            parse.append("everyone")
 
         if self.users == True:
-            parse.append('users')
+            parse.append("users")
         elif self.users != False:
-            data['users'] = [x.id for x in self.users]
+            data["users"] = [x.id for x in self.users]
 
         if self.roles == True:
-            parse.append('roles')
+            parse.append("roles")
         elif self.roles != False:
-            data['roles'] = [x.id for x in self.roles]
+            data["roles"] = [x.id for x in self.roles]
 
         if self.replied_user:
-            data['replied_user'] = True
+            data["replied_user"] = True
 
-        data['parse'] = parse
+        data["parse"] = parse
         return data  # type: ignore
 
     def merge(self, other: AllowedMentions) -> AllowedMentions:
@@ -146,6 +144,6 @@ class AllowedMentions:
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'{self.__class__.__name__}(everyone={self.everyone}, '
-            f'users={self.users}, roles={self.roles}, replied_user={self.replied_user})'
+            f"{self.__class__.__name__}(everyone={self.everyone}, "
+            f"users={self.users}, roles={self.roles}, replied_user={self.replied_user})"
         )

discord/mixins.py

@@ -22,30 +22,31 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
-from typing import TypeVar
-
 __all__ = (
-    'EqualityComparable',
-    'Hashable',
+    "EqualityComparable",
+    "Hashable",
 )
 
-E = TypeVar('E', bound='EqualityComparable')
 
 class EqualityComparable:
     __slots__ = ()
 
     id: int
 
-    def __eq__(self: E, other: E) -> bool:
+    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and other.id == self.id
 
-    def __ne__(self: E, other: E) -> bool:
+    def __ne__(self, other: object) -> bool:
         if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
             return other.id != self.id
         return True
 
+
 class Hashable(EqualityComparable):
     __slots__ = ()
 
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
+        return self.id
+
     def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return self.id >> 22

discord/object.py

@@ -35,11 +35,11 @@ from typing import (
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import datetime
+
     SupportsIntCast = Union[SupportsInt, str, bytes, bytearray]
 
-__all__ = (
-    'Object',
-)
+__all__ = ("Object",)
+
 
 class Object(Hashable):
     """Represents a generic Discord object.
@@ -69,6 +69,10 @@ class Object(Hashable):
 
             Returns the object's hash.
 
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the object's ID.
+
     Attributes
     -----------
     id: :class:`int`
@@ -79,12 +83,12 @@ class Object(Hashable):
         try:
             id = int(id)
         except ValueError:
-            raise TypeError(f'id parameter must be convertable to int not {id.__class__!r}') from None
+            raise TypeError(f"id parameter must be convertable to int not {id.__class__!r}") from None
         else:
             self.id = id
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<Object id={self.id!r}>'
+        return f"<Object id={self.id!r}>"
 
     @property
     def created_at(self) -> datetime.datetime:

discord/oggparse.py

@@ -22,40 +22,54 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import struct
 
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar, IO, Generator, Tuple, Optional
+
 from .errors import DiscordException
 
 __all__ = (
-    'OggError',
-    'OggPage',
-    'OggStream',
+    "OggError",
+    "OggPage",
+    "OggStream",
 )
 
+
 class OggError(DiscordException):
     """An exception that is thrown for Ogg stream parsing errors."""
+
     pass
 
+
 # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3533
 # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7845
 
-class OggPage:
-    _header = struct.Struct('<xBQIIIB')
 
-    def __init__(self, stream):
+class OggPage:
+    _header: ClassVar[struct.Struct] = struct.Struct("<xBQIIIB")
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        flag: int
+        gran_pos: int
+        serial: int
+        pagenum: int
+        crc: int
+        segnum: int
+
+    def __init__(self, stream: IO[bytes]) -> None:
         try:
             header = stream.read(struct.calcsize(self._header.format))
 
-            self.flag, self.gran_pos, self.serial, \
-            self.pagenum, self.crc, self.segnum = self._header.unpack(header)
+            self.flag, self.gran_pos, self.serial, self.pagenum, self.crc, self.segnum = self._header.unpack(header)
 
-            self.segtable = stream.read(self.segnum)
-            bodylen = sum(struct.unpack('B'*self.segnum, self.segtable))
-            self.data = stream.read(bodylen)
+            self.segtable: bytes = stream.read(self.segnum)
+            bodylen = sum(struct.unpack("B" * self.segnum, self.segtable))
+            self.data: bytes = stream.read(bodylen)
         except Exception:
-            raise OggError('bad data stream') from None
+            raise OggError("bad data stream") from None
 
-    def iter_packets(self):
+    def iter_packets(self) -> Generator[Tuple[bytes, bool], None, None]:
         packetlen = offset = 0
         partial = True
 
@@ -65,7 +79,7 @@ class OggPage:
                 partial = True
             else:
                 packetlen += seg
-                yield self.data[offset:offset+packetlen], True
+                yield self.data[offset : offset + packetlen], True
                 offset += packetlen
                 packetlen = 0
                 partial = False
@@ -73,30 +87,31 @@ class OggPage:
         if partial:
             yield self.data[offset:], False
 
-class OggStream:
-    def __init__(self, stream):
-        self.stream = stream
 
-    def _next_page(self):
+class OggStream:
+    def __init__(self, stream: IO[bytes]) -> None:
+        self.stream: IO[bytes] = stream
+
+    def _next_page(self) -> Optional[OggPage]:
         head = self.stream.read(4)
-        if head == b'OggS':
+        if head == b"OggS":
             return OggPage(self.stream)
         elif not head:
             return None
         else:
-            raise OggError('invalid header magic')
+            raise OggError("invalid header magic")
 
-    def _iter_pages(self):
+    def _iter_pages(self) -> Generator[OggPage, None, None]:
         page = self._next_page()
         while page:
             yield page
             page = self._next_page()
 
-    def iter_packets(self):
-        partial = b''
+    def iter_packets(self) -> Generator[bytes, None, None]:
+        partial = b""
         for page in self._iter_pages():
             for data, complete in page.iter_packets():
                 partial += data
                 if complete:
                     yield partial
-                    partial = b''
+                    partial = b""

discord/opus.py

@@ -22,6 +22,10 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import List, Tuple, TypedDict, Any, TYPE_CHECKING, Callable, TypeVar, Literal, Optional, overload
+
 import array
 import ctypes
 import ctypes.util
@@ -31,134 +35,157 @@ import os.path
 import struct
 import sys
 
-from .errors import DiscordException
+from .errors import DiscordException, InvalidArgument
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    T = TypeVar("T")
+    BAND_CTL = Literal["narrow", "medium", "wide", "superwide", "full"]
+    SIGNAL_CTL = Literal["auto", "voice", "music"]
+
+
+class BandCtl(TypedDict):
+    narrow: int
+    medium: int
+    wide: int
+    superwide: int
+    full: int
+
+
+class SignalCtl(TypedDict):
+    auto: int
+    voice: int
+    music: int
+
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Encoder',
-    'OpusError',
-    'OpusNotLoaded',
+    "Encoder",
+    "OpusError",
+    "OpusNotLoaded",
 )
 
-log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-c_int_ptr   = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int)
+c_int_ptr = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int)
 c_int16_ptr = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_int16)
 c_float_ptr = ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_float)
 
 _lib = None
 
+
 class EncoderStruct(ctypes.Structure):
     pass
 
+
 class DecoderStruct(ctypes.Structure):
     pass
 
+
 EncoderStructPtr = ctypes.POINTER(EncoderStruct)
 DecoderStructPtr = ctypes.POINTER(DecoderStruct)
 
 ## Some constants from opus_defines.h
 # Error codes
-OK      = 0
+OK = 0
 BAD_ARG = -1
 
 # Encoder CTLs
-APPLICATION_AUDIO    = 2049
-APPLICATION_VOIP     = 2048
+APPLICATION_AUDIO = 2049
+APPLICATION_VOIP = 2048
 APPLICATION_LOWDELAY = 2051
 
-CTL_SET_BITRATE      = 4002
-CTL_SET_BANDWIDTH    = 4008
-CTL_SET_FEC          = 4012
-CTL_SET_PLP          = 4014
-CTL_SET_SIGNAL       = 4024
+CTL_SET_BITRATE = 4002
+CTL_SET_BANDWIDTH = 4008
+CTL_SET_FEC = 4012
+CTL_SET_PLP = 4014
+CTL_SET_SIGNAL = 4024
 
 # Decoder CTLs
-CTL_SET_GAIN             = 4034
+CTL_SET_GAIN = 4034
 CTL_LAST_PACKET_DURATION = 4039
 
-band_ctl = {
-    'narrow': 1101,
-    'medium': 1102,
-    'wide': 1103,
-    'superwide': 1104,
-    'full': 1105,
+band_ctl: BandCtl = {
+    "narrow": 1101,
+    "medium": 1102,
+    "wide": 1103,
+    "superwide": 1104,
+    "full": 1105,
 }
 
-signal_ctl = {
-    'auto': -1000,
-    'voice': 3001,
-    'music': 3002,
+signal_ctl: SignalCtl = {
+    "auto": -1000,
+    "voice": 3001,
+    "music": 3002,
 }
 
-def _err_lt(result, func, args):
+
+def _err_lt(result: int, func: Callable, args: List) -> int:
     if result < OK:
-        log.info('error has happened in %s', func.__name__)
+        _log.info("error has happened in %s", func.__name__)
         raise OpusError(result)
     return result
 
-def _err_ne(result, func, args):
+
+def _err_ne(result: T, func: Callable, args: List) -> T:
     ret = args[-1]._obj
     if ret.value != OK:
-        log.info('error has happened in %s', func.__name__)
+        _log.info("error has happened in %s", func.__name__)
         raise OpusError(ret.value)
     return result
 
+
 # A list of exported functions.
 # The first argument is obviously the name.
 # The second one are the types of arguments it takes.
 # The third is the result type.
 # The fourth is the error handler.
-exported_functions = [
+exported_functions: List[Tuple[Any, ...]] = [
     # Generic
-    ('opus_get_version_string',
-        None, ctypes.c_char_p, None),
-    ('opus_strerror',
-        [ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_char_p, None),
-
+    ("opus_get_version_string", None, ctypes.c_char_p, None),
+    ("opus_strerror", [ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_char_p, None),
     # Encoder functions
-    ('opus_encoder_get_size',
-        [ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_int, None),
-    ('opus_encoder_create',
-        [ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, c_int_ptr], EncoderStructPtr, _err_ne),
-    ('opus_encode',
-        [EncoderStructPtr, c_int16_ptr, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int32], ctypes.c_int32, _err_lt),
-    ('opus_encode_float',
-        [EncoderStructPtr, c_float_ptr, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int32], ctypes.c_int32, _err_lt),
-    ('opus_encoder_ctl',
-        None, ctypes.c_int32, _err_lt),
-    ('opus_encoder_destroy',
-        [EncoderStructPtr], None, None),
-
+    ("opus_encoder_get_size", [ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_int, None),
+    ("opus_encoder_create", [ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, c_int_ptr], EncoderStructPtr, _err_ne),
+    (
+        "opus_encode",
+        [EncoderStructPtr, c_int16_ptr, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int32],
+        ctypes.c_int32,
+        _err_lt,
+    ),
+    (
+        "opus_encode_float",
+        [EncoderStructPtr, c_float_ptr, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int32],
+        ctypes.c_int32,
+        _err_lt,
+    ),
+    ("opus_encoder_ctl", None, ctypes.c_int32, _err_lt),
+    ("opus_encoder_destroy", [EncoderStructPtr], None, None),
     # Decoder functions
-    ('opus_decoder_get_size',
-        [ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_int, None),
-    ('opus_decoder_create',
-        [ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, c_int_ptr], DecoderStructPtr, _err_ne),
-    ('opus_decode',
+    ("opus_decoder_get_size", [ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_int, None),
+    ("opus_decoder_create", [ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, c_int_ptr], DecoderStructPtr, _err_ne),
+    (
+        "opus_decode",
         [DecoderStructPtr, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int32, c_int16_ptr, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int],
-        ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
-    ('opus_decode_float',
+        ctypes.c_int,
+        _err_lt,
+    ),
+    (
+        "opus_decode_float",
         [DecoderStructPtr, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int32, c_float_ptr, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int],
-        ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
-    ('opus_decoder_ctl',
-        None, ctypes.c_int32, _err_lt),
-    ('opus_decoder_destroy',
-        [DecoderStructPtr], None, None),
-    ('opus_decoder_get_nb_samples',
-        [DecoderStructPtr, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int32], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
-
+        ctypes.c_int,
+        _err_lt,
+    ),
+    ("opus_decoder_ctl", None, ctypes.c_int32, _err_lt),
+    ("opus_decoder_destroy", [DecoderStructPtr], None, None),
+    ("opus_decoder_get_nb_samples", [DecoderStructPtr, ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int32], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
     # Packet functions
-    ('opus_packet_get_bandwidth',
-        [ctypes.c_char_p], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
-    ('opus_packet_get_nb_channels',
-        [ctypes.c_char_p], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
-    ('opus_packet_get_nb_frames',
-        [ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
-    ('opus_packet_get_samples_per_frame',
-        [ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
+    ("opus_packet_get_bandwidth", [ctypes.c_char_p], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
+    ("opus_packet_get_nb_channels", [ctypes.c_char_p], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
+    ("opus_packet_get_nb_frames", [ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
+    ("opus_packet_get_samples_per_frame", [ctypes.c_char_p, ctypes.c_int], ctypes.c_int, _err_lt),
 ]
 
-def libopus_loader(name):
+
+def libopus_loader(name: str) -> Any:
     # create the library...
     lib = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary(name)
 
@@ -178,27 +205,29 @@ def libopus_loader(name):
             if item[3]:
                 func.errcheck = item[3]
         except KeyError:
-            log.exception("Error assigning check function to %s", func)
+            _log.exception("Error assigning check function to %s", func)
 
     return lib
 
-def _load_default():
+
+def _load_default() -> bool:
     global _lib
     try:
-        if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        if sys.platform == "win32":
             _basedir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
-            _bitness = struct.calcsize('P') * 8
-            _target = 'x64' if _bitness > 32 else 'x86'
-            _filename = os.path.join(_basedir, 'bin', f'libopus-0.{_target}.dll')
+            _bitness = struct.calcsize("P") * 8
+            _target = "x64" if _bitness > 32 else "x86"
+            _filename = os.path.join(_basedir, "bin", f"libopus-0.{_target}.dll")
             _lib = libopus_loader(_filename)
         else:
-            _lib = libopus_loader(ctypes.util.find_library('opus'))
+            _lib = libopus_loader(ctypes.util.find_library("opus"))
     except Exception:
         _lib = None
 
     return _lib is not None
 
-def load_opus(name):
+
+def load_opus(name: str) -> None:
     """Loads the libopus shared library for use with voice.
 
     If this function is not called then the library uses the function
@@ -236,7 +265,8 @@ def load_opus(name):
     global _lib
     _lib = libopus_loader(name)
 
-def is_loaded():
+
+def is_loaded() -> bool:
     """Function to check if opus lib is successfully loaded either
     via the :func:`ctypes.util.find_library` call of :func:`load_opus`.
 
@@ -250,6 +280,7 @@ def is_loaded():
     global _lib
     return _lib is not None
 
+
 class OpusError(DiscordException):
     """An exception that is thrown for libopus related errors.
 
@@ -259,21 +290,24 @@ class OpusError(DiscordException):
         The error code returned.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, code):
-        self.code = code
-        msg = _lib.opus_strerror(self.code).decode('utf-8')
-        log.info('"%s" has happened', msg)
+    def __init__(self, code: int):
+        self.code: int = code
+        msg = _lib.opus_strerror(self.code).decode("utf-8")
+        _log.info('"%s" has happened', msg)
         super().__init__(msg)
 
+
 class OpusNotLoaded(DiscordException):
     """An exception that is thrown for when libopus is not loaded."""
+
     pass
 
+
 class _OpusStruct:
     SAMPLING_RATE = 48000
     CHANNELS = 2
     FRAME_LENGTH = 20  # in milliseconds
-    SAMPLE_SIZE = struct.calcsize('h') * CHANNELS
+    SAMPLE_SIZE = struct.calcsize("h") * CHANNELS
     SAMPLES_PER_FRAME = int(SAMPLING_RATE / 1000 * FRAME_LENGTH)
 
     FRAME_SIZE = SAMPLES_PER_FRAME * SAMPLE_SIZE
@@ -283,95 +317,101 @@ class _OpusStruct:
         if not is_loaded() and not _load_default():
             raise OpusNotLoaded()
 
-        return _lib.opus_get_version_string().decode('utf-8')
+        return _lib.opus_get_version_string().decode("utf-8")
+
 
 class Encoder(_OpusStruct):
-    def __init__(self, application=APPLICATION_AUDIO):
+    def __init__(self, application: int = APPLICATION_AUDIO):
         _OpusStruct.get_opus_version()
 
-        self.application = application
-        self._state = self._create_state()
+        self.application: int = application
+        self._state: EncoderStruct = self._create_state()
         self.set_bitrate(128)
         self.set_fec(True)
         self.set_expected_packet_loss_percent(0.15)
-        self.set_bandwidth('full')
-        self.set_signal_type('auto')
+        self.set_bandwidth("full")
+        self.set_signal_type("auto")
 
-    def __del__(self):
-        if hasattr(self, '_state'):
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self, "_state"):
             _lib.opus_encoder_destroy(self._state)
-            self._state = None
+            # This is a destructor, so it's okay to assign None
+            self._state = None  # type: ignore
 
-    def _create_state(self):
+    def _create_state(self) -> EncoderStruct:
         ret = ctypes.c_int()
         return _lib.opus_encoder_create(self.SAMPLING_RATE, self.CHANNELS, self.application, ctypes.byref(ret))
 
-    def set_bitrate(self, kbps):
+    def set_bitrate(self, kbps: int) -> int:
         kbps = min(512, max(16, int(kbps)))
 
         _lib.opus_encoder_ctl(self._state, CTL_SET_BITRATE, kbps * 1024)
         return kbps
 
-    def set_bandwidth(self, req):
+    def set_bandwidth(self, req: BAND_CTL) -> None:
         if req not in band_ctl:
             raise KeyError(f'{req!r} is not a valid bandwidth setting. Try one of: {",".join(band_ctl)}')
 
         k = band_ctl[req]
         _lib.opus_encoder_ctl(self._state, CTL_SET_BANDWIDTH, k)
 
-    def set_signal_type(self, req):
+    def set_signal_type(self, req: SIGNAL_CTL) -> None:
         if req not in signal_ctl:
             raise KeyError(f'{req!r} is not a valid bandwidth setting. Try one of: {",".join(signal_ctl)}')
 
         k = signal_ctl[req]
         _lib.opus_encoder_ctl(self._state, CTL_SET_SIGNAL, k)
 
-    def set_fec(self, enabled=True):
+    def set_fec(self, enabled: bool = True) -> None:
         _lib.opus_encoder_ctl(self._state, CTL_SET_FEC, 1 if enabled else 0)
 
-    def set_expected_packet_loss_percent(self, percentage):
-        _lib.opus_encoder_ctl(self._state, CTL_SET_PLP, min(100, max(0, int(percentage * 100))))
+    def set_expected_packet_loss_percent(self, percentage: float) -> None:
+        _lib.opus_encoder_ctl(self._state, CTL_SET_PLP, min(100, max(0, int(percentage * 100))))  # type: ignore
 
-    def encode(self, pcm, frame_size):
+    def encode(self, pcm: bytes, frame_size: int) -> bytes:
         max_data_bytes = len(pcm)
-        pcm = ctypes.cast(pcm, c_int16_ptr)
+        # bytes can be used to reference pointer
+        pcm_ptr = ctypes.cast(pcm, c_int16_ptr)  # type: ignore
         data = (ctypes.c_char * max_data_bytes)()
 
-        ret = _lib.opus_encode(self._state, pcm, frame_size, data, max_data_bytes)
+        ret = _lib.opus_encode(self._state, pcm_ptr, frame_size, data, max_data_bytes)
+
+        # array can be initialized with bytes but mypy doesn't know
+        return array.array("b", data[:ret]).tobytes()  # type: ignore
 
-        return array.array('b', data[:ret]).tobytes()
 
 class Decoder(_OpusStruct):
     def __init__(self):
         _OpusStruct.get_opus_version()
 
-        self._state = self._create_state()
+        self._state: DecoderStruct = self._create_state()
 
-    def __del__(self):
-        if hasattr(self, '_state'):
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        if hasattr(self, "_state"):
             _lib.opus_decoder_destroy(self._state)
-            self._state = None
+            # This is a destructor, so it's okay to assign None
+            self._state = None  # type: ignore
 
-    def _create_state(self):
+    def _create_state(self) -> DecoderStruct:
         ret = ctypes.c_int()
         return _lib.opus_decoder_create(self.SAMPLING_RATE, self.CHANNELS, ctypes.byref(ret))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def packet_get_nb_frames(data):
+    def packet_get_nb_frames(data: bytes) -> int:
         """Gets the number of frames in an Opus packet"""
         return _lib.opus_packet_get_nb_frames(data, len(data))
 
     @staticmethod
-    def packet_get_nb_channels(data):
+    def packet_get_nb_channels(data: bytes) -> int:
         """Gets the number of channels in an Opus packet"""
         return _lib.opus_packet_get_nb_channels(data)
 
     @classmethod
-    def packet_get_samples_per_frame(cls, data):
+    def packet_get_samples_per_frame(cls, data: bytes) -> int:
         """Gets the number of samples per frame from an Opus packet"""
         return _lib.opus_packet_get_samples_per_frame(data, cls.SAMPLING_RATE)
 
-    def _set_gain(self, adjustment):
+    def _set_gain(self, adjustment: int) -> int:
         """Configures decoder gain adjustment.
 
         Scales the decoded output by a factor specified in Q8 dB units.
@@ -383,26 +423,34 @@ class Decoder(_OpusStruct):
         """
         return _lib.opus_decoder_ctl(self._state, CTL_SET_GAIN, adjustment)
 
-    def set_gain(self, dB):
+    def set_gain(self, dB: float) -> int:
         """Sets the decoder gain in dB, from -128 to 128."""
 
-        dB_Q8 = max(-32768, min(32767, round(dB * 256))) # dB * 2^n where n is 8 (Q8)
+        dB_Q8 = max(-32768, min(32767, round(dB * 256)))  # dB * 2^n where n is 8 (Q8)
         return self._set_gain(dB_Q8)
 
-    def set_volume(self, mult):
+    def set_volume(self, mult: float) -> int:
         """Sets the output volume as a float percent, i.e. 0.5 for 50%, 1.75 for 175%, etc."""
-        return self.set_gain(20 * math.log10(mult)) # amplitude ratio
+        return self.set_gain(20 * math.log10(mult))  # amplitude ratio
 
-    def _get_last_packet_duration(self):
+    def _get_last_packet_duration(self) -> int:
         """Gets the duration (in samples) of the last packet successfully decoded or concealed."""
 
         ret = ctypes.c_int32()
         _lib.opus_decoder_ctl(self._state, CTL_LAST_PACKET_DURATION, ctypes.byref(ret))
         return ret.value
 
-    def decode(self, data, *, fec=False):
+    @overload
+    def decode(self, data: bytes, *, fec: bool) -> bytes:
+        ...
+
+    @overload
+    def decode(self, data: Literal[None], *, fec: Literal[False]) -> bytes:
+        ...
+
+    def decode(self, data: Optional[bytes], *, fec: bool = False) -> bytes:
         if data is None and fec:
-            raise OpusError("Invalid arguments: FEC cannot be used with null data")
+            raise InvalidArgument("Invalid arguments: FEC cannot be used with null data")
 
         if data is None:
             frame_size = self._get_last_packet_duration() or self.SAMPLES_PER_FRAME
@@ -418,4 +466,4 @@ class Decoder(_OpusStruct):
 
         ret = _lib.opus_decode(self._state, data, len(data) if data else 0, pcm_ptr, frame_size, fec)
 
-        return array.array('h', pcm[:ret * channel_count]).tobytes()
+        return array.array("h", pcm[: ret * channel_count]).tobytes()

discord/partial_emoji.py

@@ -24,22 +24,21 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Type, TypeVar, Union
 import re
 
 from .asset import Asset, AssetMixin
 from .errors import InvalidArgument
 from . import utils
 
-__all__ = (
-    'PartialEmoji',
-)
+__all__ = ("PartialEmoji",)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .state import ConnectionState
     from datetime import datetime
     from .types.message import PartialEmoji as PartialEmojiPayload
 
+
 class _EmojiTag:
     __slots__ = ()
 
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ class _EmojiTag:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
 
-PE = TypeVar('PE', bound='PartialEmoji')
+PE = TypeVar("PE", bound="PartialEmoji")
 
 
 class PartialEmoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
@@ -90,9 +89,9 @@ class PartialEmoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
         The ID of the custom emoji, if applicable.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('animated', 'name', 'id', '_state')
+    __slots__ = ("animated", "name", "id", "_state")
 
-    _CUSTOM_EMOJI_RE = re.compile(r'<?(?P<animated>a)?:?(?P<name>[A-Za-z0-9\_]+):(?P<id>[0-9]{13,20})>?')
+    _CUSTOM_EMOJI_RE = re.compile(r"<?(?P<animated>a)?:?(?P<name>[A-Za-z0-9\_]+):(?P<id>[0-9]{13,20})>?")
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         id: Optional[int]
@@ -104,11 +103,11 @@ class PartialEmoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
         self._state: Optional[ConnectionState] = None
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_dict(cls: Type[PE], data: Dict[str, Any]) -> PE:
+    def from_dict(cls: Type[PE], data: Union[PartialEmojiPayload, Dict[str, Any]]) -> PE:
         return cls(
-            animated=data.get('animated', False),
-            id=utils._get_as_snowflake(data, 'id'),
-            name=data.get('name', ''),
+            animated=data.get("animated", False),
+            id=utils._get_as_snowflake(data, "id"),
+            name=data.get("name") or "",
         )
 
     @classmethod
@@ -139,19 +138,19 @@ class PartialEmoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
         match = cls._CUSTOM_EMOJI_RE.match(value)
         if match is not None:
             groups = match.groupdict()
-            animated = bool(groups['animated'])
-            emoji_id = int(groups['id'])
-            name = groups['name']
+            animated = bool(groups["animated"])
+            emoji_id = int(groups["id"])
+            name = groups["name"]
             return cls(name=name, animated=animated, id=emoji_id)
 
         return cls(name=value, id=None, animated=False)
 
     def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        o: Dict[str, Any] = {'name': self.name}
+        o: Dict[str, Any] = {"name": self.name}
         if self.id:
-            o['id'] = self.id
+            o["id"] = self.id
         if self.animated:
-            o['animated'] = self.animated
+            o["animated"] = self.animated
         return o
 
     def _to_partial(self) -> PartialEmoji:
@@ -169,11 +168,11 @@ class PartialEmoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
         if self.id is None:
             return self.name
         if self.animated:
-            return f'<a:{self.name}:{self.id}>'
-        return f'<:{self.name}:{self.id}>'
+            return f"<a:{self.name}:{self.id}>"
+        return f"<:{self.name}:{self.id}>"
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} animated={self.animated} name={self.name!r} id={self.id}>'
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} animated={self.animated} name={self.name!r} id={self.id}>"
 
     def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         if self.is_unicode_emoji():
@@ -200,7 +199,7 @@ class PartialEmoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
     def _as_reaction(self) -> str:
         if self.id is None:
             return self.name
-        return f'{self.name}:{self.id}'
+        return f"{self.name}:{self.id}"
 
     @property
     def created_at(self) -> Optional[datetime]:
@@ -220,13 +219,13 @@ class PartialEmoji(_EmojiTag, AssetMixin):
         If this isn't a custom emoji then an empty string is returned
         """
         if self.is_unicode_emoji():
-            return ''
+            return ""
 
-        fmt = 'gif' if self.animated else 'png'
-        return f'{Asset.BASE}/emojis/{self.id}.{fmt}'
+        fmt = "gif" if self.animated else "png"
+        return f"{Asset.BASE}/emojis/{self.id}.{fmt}"
 
     async def read(self) -> bytes:
         if self.is_unicode_emoji():
-            raise InvalidArgument('PartialEmoji is not a custom emoji')
+            raise InvalidArgument("PartialEmoji is not a custom emoji")
 
         return await super().read()

discord/permissions.py

@@ -22,25 +22,34 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Callable, Any, ClassVar, Dict, Iterator, Set, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Optional
 from .flags import BaseFlags, flag_value, fill_with_flags, alias_flag_value
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Permissions',
-    'PermissionOverwrite',
+    "Permissions",
+    "PermissionOverwrite",
 )
 
 # A permission alias works like a regular flag but is marked
 # So the PermissionOverwrite knows to work with it
 class permission_alias(alias_flag_value):
-    pass
+    alias: str
 
-def make_permission_alias(alias):
-    def decorator(func):
+
+def make_permission_alias(alias: str) -> Callable[[Callable[[Any], int]], permission_alias]:
+    def decorator(func: Callable[[Any], int]) -> permission_alias:
         ret = permission_alias(func)
         ret.alias = alias
         return ret
+
     return decorator
 
+
+P = TypeVar("P", bound="Permissions")
+
+
 @fill_with_flags()
 class Permissions(BaseFlags):
     """Wraps up the Discord permission value.
@@ -92,35 +101,35 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
 
     __slots__ = ()
 
-    def __init__(self, permissions=0, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, permissions: int = 0, **kwargs: bool):
         if not isinstance(permissions, int):
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected int parameter, received {permissions.__class__.__name__} instead.')
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected int parameter, received {permissions.__class__.__name__} instead.")
 
         self.value = permissions
         for key, value in kwargs.items():
             if key not in self.VALID_FLAGS:
-                raise TypeError(f'{key!r} is not a valid permission name.')
+                raise TypeError(f"{key!r} is not a valid permission name.")
             setattr(self, key, value)
 
-    def is_subset(self, other):
+    def is_subset(self, other: Permissions) -> bool:
         """Returns ``True`` if self has the same or fewer permissions as other."""
         if isinstance(other, Permissions):
             return (self.value & other.value) == self.value
         else:
             raise TypeError(f"cannot compare {self.__class__.__name__} with {other.__class__.__name__}")
 
-    def is_superset(self, other):
+    def is_superset(self, other: Permissions) -> bool:
         """Returns ``True`` if self has the same or more permissions as other."""
         if isinstance(other, Permissions):
             return (self.value | other.value) == self.value
         else:
             raise TypeError(f"cannot compare {self.__class__.__name__} with {other.__class__.__name__}")
 
-    def is_strict_subset(self, other):
+    def is_strict_subset(self, other: Permissions) -> bool:
         """Returns ``True`` if the permissions on other are a strict subset of those on self."""
         return self.is_subset(other) and self != other
 
-    def is_strict_superset(self, other):
+    def is_strict_superset(self, other: Permissions) -> bool:
         """Returns ``True`` if the permissions on other are a strict superset of those on self."""
         return self.is_superset(other) and self != other
 
@@ -130,20 +139,20 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
     __gt__ = is_strict_superset
 
     @classmethod
-    def none(cls):
+    def none(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A factory method that creates a :class:`Permissions` with all
         permissions set to ``False``."""
         return cls(0)
 
     @classmethod
-    def all(cls):
+    def all(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A factory method that creates a :class:`Permissions` with all
         permissions set to ``True``.
         """
-        return cls(0b111111111111111111111111111111111111)
+        return cls(0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111)
 
     @classmethod
-    def all_channel(cls):
+    def all_channel(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A :class:`Permissions` with all channel-specific permissions set to
         ``True`` and the guild-specific ones set to ``False``. The guild-specific
         permissions are currently:
@@ -160,11 +169,16 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
 
         .. versionchanged:: 1.7
            Added :attr:`stream`, :attr:`priority_speaker` and :attr:`use_slash_commands` permissions.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+           Added :attr:`create_public_threads`, :attr:`create_private_threads`, :attr:`manage_threads`,
+           :attr:`use_external_stickers`, :attr:`send_messages_in_threads` and
+           :attr:`request_to_speak` permissions.
         """
-        return cls(0b10110011111101111111111101010001)
+        return cls(0b111110110110011111101111111111101010001)
 
     @classmethod
-    def general(cls):
+    def general(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A factory method that creates a :class:`Permissions` with all
         "General" permissions from the official Discord UI set to ``True``.
 
@@ -177,7 +191,7 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return cls(0b01110000000010000000010010110000)
 
     @classmethod
-    def membership(cls):
+    def membership(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A factory method that creates a :class:`Permissions` with all
         "Membership" permissions from the official Discord UI set to ``True``.
 
@@ -186,24 +200,28 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return cls(0b00001100000000000000000000000111)
 
     @classmethod
-    def text(cls):
+    def text(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A factory method that creates a :class:`Permissions` with all
         "Text" permissions from the official Discord UI set to ``True``.
 
         .. versionchanged:: 1.7
            Permission :attr:`read_messages` is no longer part of the text permissions.
            Added :attr:`use_slash_commands` permission.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+           Added :attr:`create_public_threads`, :attr:`create_private_threads`, :attr:`manage_threads`,
+           :attr:`send_messages_in_threads` and :attr:`use_external_stickers` permissions.
         """
-        return cls(0b10000000000001111111100001000000)
+        return cls(0b111110010000000000001111111100001000000)
 
     @classmethod
-    def voice(cls):
+    def voice(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A factory method that creates a :class:`Permissions` with all
         "Voice" permissions from the official Discord UI set to ``True``."""
         return cls(0b00000011111100000000001100000000)
 
     @classmethod
-    def stage(cls):
+    def stage(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A factory method that creates a :class:`Permissions` with all
         "Stage Channel" permissions from the official Discord UI set to ``True``.
 
@@ -212,7 +230,7 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return cls(1 << 32)
 
     @classmethod
-    def stage_moderator(cls):
+    def stage_moderator(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A factory method that creates a :class:`Permissions` with all
         "Stage Moderator" permissions from the official Discord UI set to ``True``.
 
@@ -221,7 +239,7 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return cls(0b100000001010000000000000000000000)
 
     @classmethod
-    def advanced(cls):
+    def advanced(cls: Type[P]) -> P:
         """A factory method that creates a :class:`Permissions` with all
         "Advanced" permissions from the official Discord UI set to ``True``.
 
@@ -229,7 +247,7 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         """
         return cls(1 << 3)
 
-    def update(self, **kwargs):
+    def update(self, **kwargs: bool) -> None:
         r"""Bulk updates this permission object.
 
         Allows you to set multiple attributes by using keyword
@@ -245,7 +263,7 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
             if key in self.VALID_FLAGS:
                 setattr(self, key, value)
 
-    def handle_overwrite(self, allow, deny):
+    def handle_overwrite(self, allow: int, deny: int) -> None:
         # Basically this is what's happening here.
         # We have an original bit array, e.g. 1010
         # Then we have another bit array that is 'denied', e.g. 1111
@@ -261,67 +279,74 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         self.value = (self.value & ~deny) | allow
 
     @flag_value
-    def create_instant_invite(self):
+    def create_instant_invite(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if the user can create instant invites."""
         return 1 << 0
 
     @flag_value
-    def kick_members(self):
+    def kick_members(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if the user can kick users from the guild."""
         return 1 << 1
 
     @flag_value
-    def ban_members(self):
+    def ban_members(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can ban users from the guild."""
         return 1 << 2
 
     @flag_value
-    def administrator(self):
+    def administrator(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user is an administrator. This role overrides all other permissions.
 
         This also bypasses all channel-specific overrides.
         """
         return 1 << 3
 
+    @make_permission_alias("administrator")
+    def admin(self) -> int:
+        """:class:`bool`: An alias for :attr:`administrator`.
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return 1 << 3
+
     @flag_value
-    def manage_channels(self):
+    def manage_channels(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can edit, delete, or create channels in the guild.
 
         This also corresponds to the "Manage Channel" channel-specific override."""
         return 1 << 4
 
     @flag_value
-    def manage_guild(self):
+    def manage_guild(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can edit guild properties."""
         return 1 << 5
 
     @flag_value
-    def add_reactions(self):
+    def add_reactions(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can add reactions to messages."""
         return 1 << 6
 
     @flag_value
-    def view_audit_log(self):
+    def view_audit_log(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can view the guild's audit log."""
         return 1 << 7
 
     @flag_value
-    def priority_speaker(self):
+    def priority_speaker(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can be more easily heard while talking."""
         return 1 << 8
 
     @flag_value
-    def stream(self):
+    def stream(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can stream in a voice channel."""
         return 1 << 9
 
     @flag_value
-    def read_messages(self):
+    def read_messages(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can read messages from all or specific text channels."""
         return 1 << 10
 
-    @make_permission_alias('read_messages')
-    def view_channel(self):
+    @make_permission_alias("read_messages")
+    def view_channel(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: An alias for :attr:`read_messages`.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
@@ -329,17 +354,17 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return 1 << 10
 
     @flag_value
-    def send_messages(self):
+    def send_messages(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can send messages from all or specific text channels."""
         return 1 << 11
 
     @flag_value
-    def send_tts_messages(self):
+    def send_tts_messages(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can send TTS messages from all or specific text channels."""
         return 1 << 12
 
     @flag_value
-    def manage_messages(self):
+    def manage_messages(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can delete or pin messages in a text channel.
 
         .. note::
@@ -349,32 +374,32 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return 1 << 13
 
     @flag_value
-    def embed_links(self):
+    def embed_links(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user's messages will automatically be embedded by Discord."""
         return 1 << 14
 
     @flag_value
-    def attach_files(self):
+    def attach_files(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can send files in their messages."""
         return 1 << 15
 
     @flag_value
-    def read_message_history(self):
+    def read_message_history(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can read a text channel's previous messages."""
         return 1 << 16
 
     @flag_value
-    def mention_everyone(self):
+    def mention_everyone(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user's @everyone or @here will mention everyone in the text channel."""
         return 1 << 17
 
     @flag_value
-    def external_emojis(self):
+    def external_emojis(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can use emojis from other guilds."""
         return 1 << 18
 
-    @make_permission_alias('external_emojis')
-    def use_external_emojis(self):
+    @make_permission_alias("external_emojis")
+    def use_external_emojis(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: An alias for :attr:`external_emojis`.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
@@ -382,7 +407,7 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return 1 << 18
 
     @flag_value
-    def view_guild_insights(self):
+    def view_guild_insights(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can view the guild's insights.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
@@ -390,55 +415,55 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return 1 << 19
 
     @flag_value
-    def connect(self):
+    def connect(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can connect to a voice channel."""
         return 1 << 20
 
     @flag_value
-    def speak(self):
+    def speak(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can speak in a voice channel."""
         return 1 << 21
 
     @flag_value
-    def mute_members(self):
+    def mute_members(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can mute other users."""
         return 1 << 22
 
     @flag_value
-    def deafen_members(self):
+    def deafen_members(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can deafen other users."""
         return 1 << 23
 
     @flag_value
-    def move_members(self):
+    def move_members(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can move users between other voice channels."""
         return 1 << 24
 
     @flag_value
-    def use_voice_activation(self):
+    def use_voice_activation(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can use voice activation in voice channels."""
         return 1 << 25
 
     @flag_value
-    def change_nickname(self):
+    def change_nickname(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can change their nickname in the guild."""
         return 1 << 26
 
     @flag_value
-    def manage_nicknames(self):
+    def manage_nicknames(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can change other user's nickname in the guild."""
         return 1 << 27
 
     @flag_value
-    def manage_roles(self):
+    def manage_roles(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can create or edit roles less than their role's position.
 
         This also corresponds to the "Manage Permissions" channel-specific override.
         """
         return 1 << 28
 
-    @make_permission_alias('manage_roles')
-    def manage_permissions(self):
+    @make_permission_alias("manage_roles")
+    def manage_permissions(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: An alias for :attr:`manage_roles`.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
@@ -446,17 +471,25 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return 1 << 28
 
     @flag_value
-    def manage_webhooks(self):
+    def manage_webhooks(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can create, edit, or delete webhooks."""
         return 1 << 29
 
     @flag_value
-    def manage_emojis(self):
+    def manage_emojis(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can create, edit, or delete emojis."""
         return 1 << 30
 
+    @make_permission_alias("manage_emojis")
+    def manage_emojis_and_stickers(self) -> int:
+        """:class:`bool`: An alias for :attr:`manage_emojis`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return 1 << 30
+
     @flag_value
-    def use_slash_commands(self):
+    def use_slash_commands(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can use slash commands.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.7
@@ -464,7 +497,7 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return 1 << 31
 
     @flag_value
-    def request_to_speak(self):
+    def request_to_speak(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can request to speak in a stage channel.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.7
@@ -472,7 +505,7 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return 1 << 32
 
     @flag_value
-    def manage_events(self):
+    def manage_events(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can manage guild events.
 
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
@@ -480,7 +513,7 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return 1 << 33
 
     @flag_value
-    def manage_threads(self):
+    def manage_threads(self) -> int:
         """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can manage threads.
 
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
@@ -488,23 +521,50 @@ class Permissions(BaseFlags):
         return 1 << 34
 
     @flag_value
-    def use_threads(self):
-        """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can create and participate in public threads.
+    def create_public_threads(self) -> int:
+        """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can create public threads.
 
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
         """
         return 1 << 35
 
     @flag_value
-    def use_private_threads(self):
-        """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can create and participate in private threads.
+    def create_private_threads(self) -> int:
+        """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can create private threads.
 
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
         """
         return 1 << 36
 
+    @flag_value
+    def external_stickers(self) -> int:
+        """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can use stickers from other guilds.
 
-def augment_from_permissions(cls):
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return 1 << 37
+
+    @make_permission_alias("external_stickers")
+    def use_external_stickers(self) -> int:
+        """:class:`bool`: An alias for :attr:`external_stickers`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return 1 << 37
+
+    @flag_value
+    def send_messages_in_threads(self) -> int:
+        """:class:`bool`: Returns ``True`` if a user can send messages in threads.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return 1 << 38
+
+
+PO = TypeVar("PO", bound="PermissionOverwrite")
+
+
+def _augment_from_permissions(cls):
     cls.VALID_NAMES = set(Permissions.VALID_FLAGS)
     aliases = set()
 
@@ -521,6 +581,7 @@ def augment_from_permissions(cls):
         # god bless Python
         def getter(self, x=key):
             return self._values.get(x)
+
         def setter(self, value, x=key):
             self._set(x, value)
 
@@ -530,7 +591,8 @@ def augment_from_permissions(cls):
     cls.PURE_FLAGS = cls.VALID_NAMES - aliases
     return cls
 
-@augment_from_permissions
+
+@_augment_from_permissions
 class PermissionOverwrite:
     r"""A type that is used to represent a channel specific permission.
 
@@ -563,30 +625,79 @@ class PermissionOverwrite:
         Set the value of permissions by their name.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_values',)
+    __slots__ = ("_values",)
 
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
-        self._values = {}
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        VALID_NAMES: ClassVar[Set[str]]
+        PURE_FLAGS: ClassVar[Set[str]]
+        # I wish I didn't have to do this
+        create_instant_invite: Optional[bool]
+        kick_members: Optional[bool]
+        ban_members: Optional[bool]
+        administrator: Optional[bool]
+        manage_channels: Optional[bool]
+        manage_guild: Optional[bool]
+        add_reactions: Optional[bool]
+        view_audit_log: Optional[bool]
+        priority_speaker: Optional[bool]
+        stream: Optional[bool]
+        read_messages: Optional[bool]
+        view_channel: Optional[bool]
+        send_messages: Optional[bool]
+        send_tts_messages: Optional[bool]
+        manage_messages: Optional[bool]
+        embed_links: Optional[bool]
+        attach_files: Optional[bool]
+        read_message_history: Optional[bool]
+        mention_everyone: Optional[bool]
+        external_emojis: Optional[bool]
+        use_external_emojis: Optional[bool]
+        view_guild_insights: Optional[bool]
+        connect: Optional[bool]
+        speak: Optional[bool]
+        mute_members: Optional[bool]
+        deafen_members: Optional[bool]
+        move_members: Optional[bool]
+        use_voice_activation: Optional[bool]
+        change_nickname: Optional[bool]
+        manage_nicknames: Optional[bool]
+        manage_roles: Optional[bool]
+        manage_permissions: Optional[bool]
+        manage_webhooks: Optional[bool]
+        manage_emojis: Optional[bool]
+        manage_emojis_and_stickers: Optional[bool]
+        use_slash_commands: Optional[bool]
+        request_to_speak: Optional[bool]
+        manage_events: Optional[bool]
+        manage_threads: Optional[bool]
+        create_public_threads: Optional[bool]
+        create_private_threads: Optional[bool]
+        send_messages_in_threads: Optional[bool]
+        external_stickers: Optional[bool]
+        use_external_stickers: Optional[bool]
+
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Optional[bool]):
+        self._values: Dict[str, Optional[bool]] = {}
 
         for key, value in kwargs.items():
             if key not in self.VALID_NAMES:
-                raise ValueError(f'no permission called {key}.')
+                raise ValueError(f"no permission called {key}.")
 
             setattr(self, key, value)
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return isinstance(other, PermissionOverwrite) and self._values == other._values
 
-    def _set(self, key, value):
+    def _set(self, key: str, value: Optional[bool]) -> None:
         if value not in (True, None, False):
-            raise TypeError(f'Expected bool or NoneType, received {value.__class__.__name__}')
+            raise TypeError(f"Expected bool or NoneType, received {value.__class__.__name__}")
 
         if value is None:
             self._values.pop(key, None)
         else:
             self._values[key] = value
 
-    def pair(self):
+    def pair(self) -> Tuple[Permissions, Permissions]:
         """Tuple[:class:`Permissions`, :class:`Permissions`]: Returns the (allow, deny) pair from this overwrite."""
 
         allow = Permissions.none()
@@ -601,7 +712,7 @@ class PermissionOverwrite:
         return allow, deny
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_pair(cls, allow, deny):
+    def from_pair(cls: Type[PO], allow: Permissions, deny: Permissions) -> PO:
         """Creates an overwrite from an allow/deny pair of :class:`Permissions`."""
         ret = cls()
         for key, value in allow:
@@ -614,7 +725,7 @@ class PermissionOverwrite:
 
         return ret
 
-    def is_empty(self):
+    def is_empty(self) -> bool:
         """Checks if the permission overwrite is currently empty.
 
         An empty permission overwrite is one that has no overwrites set
@@ -627,7 +738,7 @@ class PermissionOverwrite:
         """
         return len(self._values) == 0
 
-    def update(self, **kwargs):
+    def update(self, **kwargs: bool) -> None:
         r"""Bulk updates this permission overwrite object.
 
         Allows you to set multiple attributes by using keyword
@@ -645,6 +756,6 @@ class PermissionOverwrite:
 
             setattr(self, key, value)
 
-    def __iter__(self):
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, Optional[bool]]]:
         for key in self.PURE_FLAGS:
             yield key, self._values.get(key)

discord/player.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
+from __future__ import annotations
 
 import threading
 import traceback
@@ -33,27 +34,41 @@ import time
 import json
 import sys
 import re
+import io
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, IO, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union
 
 from .errors import ClientException
 from .opus import Encoder as OpusEncoder
 from .oggparse import OggStream
+from .utils import MISSING
 
-log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .voice_client import VoiceClient
+
+
+AT = TypeVar("AT", bound="AudioSource")
+FT = TypeVar("FT", bound="FFmpegOpusAudio")
+
+_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 __all__ = (
-    'AudioSource',
-    'PCMAudio',
-    'FFmpegAudio',
-    'FFmpegPCMAudio',
-    'FFmpegOpusAudio',
-    'PCMVolumeTransformer',
+    "AudioSource",
+    "PCMAudio",
+    "FFmpegAudio",
+    "FFmpegPCMAudio",
+    "FFmpegOpusAudio",
+    "PCMVolumeTransformer",
 )
 
-if sys.platform != 'win32':
+CREATE_NO_WINDOW: int
+
+if sys.platform != "win32":
     CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0
 else:
     CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0x08000000
 
+
 class AudioSource:
     """Represents an audio stream.
 
@@ -65,7 +80,7 @@ class AudioSource:
         The audio source reads are done in a separate thread.
     """
 
-    def read(self):
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
         """Reads 20ms worth of audio.
 
         Subclasses must implement this.
@@ -85,11 +100,11 @@ class AudioSource:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def is_opus(self):
+    def is_opus(self) -> bool:
         """Checks if the audio source is already encoded in Opus."""
         return False
 
-    def cleanup(self):
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
         """Called when clean-up is needed to be done.
 
         Useful for clearing buffer data or processes after
@@ -97,9 +112,10 @@ class AudioSource:
         """
         pass
 
-    def __del__(self):
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
         self.cleanup()
 
+
 class PCMAudio(AudioSource):
     """Represents raw 16-bit 48KHz stereo PCM audio source.
 
@@ -108,15 +124,17 @@ class PCMAudio(AudioSource):
     stream: :term:`py:file object`
         A file-like object that reads byte data representing raw PCM.
     """
-    def __init__(self, stream):
-        self.stream = stream
 
-    def read(self):
+    def __init__(self, stream: io.BufferedIOBase) -> None:
+        self.stream: io.BufferedIOBase = stream
+
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
         ret = self.stream.read(OpusEncoder.FRAME_SIZE)
         if len(ret) != OpusEncoder.FRAME_SIZE:
-            return b''
+            return b""
         return ret
 
+
 class FFmpegAudio(AudioSource):
     """Represents an FFmpeg (or AVConv) based AudioSource.
 
@@ -126,48 +144,78 @@ class FFmpegAudio(AudioSource):
     .. versionadded:: 1.3
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, source, *, executable='ffmpeg', args, **subprocess_kwargs):
-        self._process = self._stdout = None
+    def __init__(
+        self, source: Union[str, io.BufferedIOBase], *, executable: str = "ffmpeg", args: Any, **subprocess_kwargs: Any
+    ):
+        piping = subprocess_kwargs.get("stdin") == subprocess.PIPE
+        if piping and isinstance(source, str):
+            raise TypeError("parameter conflict: 'source' parameter cannot be a string when piping to stdin")
 
         args = [executable, *args]
-        kwargs = {'stdout': subprocess.PIPE}
+        kwargs = {"stdout": subprocess.PIPE}
         kwargs.update(subprocess_kwargs)
 
-        self._process = self._spawn_process(args, **kwargs)
-        self._stdout = self._process.stdout
+        self._process: subprocess.Popen = self._spawn_process(args, **kwargs)
+        self._stdout: IO[bytes] = self._process.stdout  # type: ignore
+        self._stdin: Optional[IO[Bytes]] = None
+        self._pipe_thread: Optional[threading.Thread] = None
 
-    def _spawn_process(self, args, **subprocess_kwargs):
+        if piping:
+            n = f"popen-stdin-writer:{id(self):#x}"
+            self._stdin = self._process.stdin
+            self._pipe_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._pipe_writer, args=(source,), daemon=True, name=n)
+            self._pipe_thread.start()
+
+    def _spawn_process(self, args: Any, **subprocess_kwargs: Any) -> subprocess.Popen:
         process = None
         try:
             process = subprocess.Popen(args, creationflags=CREATE_NO_WINDOW, **subprocess_kwargs)
         except FileNotFoundError:
-            executable = args.partition(' ')[0] if isinstance(args, str) else args[0]
-            raise ClientException(executable + ' was not found.') from None
+            executable = args.partition(" ")[0] if isinstance(args, str) else args[0]
+            raise ClientException(executable + " was not found.") from None
         except subprocess.SubprocessError as exc:
-            raise ClientException(f'Popen failed: {exc.__class__.__name__}: {exc}') from exc
+            raise ClientException(f"Popen failed: {exc.__class__.__name__}: {exc}") from exc
         else:
             return process
 
-    def cleanup(self):
+    def _kill_process(self) -> None:
         proc = self._process
-        if proc is None:
+        if proc is MISSING:
             return
 
-        log.info('Preparing to terminate ffmpeg process %s.', proc.pid)
+        _log.info("Preparing to terminate ffmpeg process %s.", proc.pid)
 
         try:
             proc.kill()
         except Exception:
-            log.exception("Ignoring error attempting to kill ffmpeg process %s", proc.pid)
+            _log.exception("Ignoring error attempting to kill ffmpeg process %s", proc.pid)
 
         if proc.poll() is None:
-            log.info('ffmpeg process %s has not terminated. Waiting to terminate...', proc.pid)
+            _log.info("ffmpeg process %s has not terminated. Waiting to terminate...", proc.pid)
             proc.communicate()
-            log.info('ffmpeg process %s should have terminated with a return code of %s.', proc.pid, proc.returncode)
+            _log.info("ffmpeg process %s should have terminated with a return code of %s.", proc.pid, proc.returncode)
         else:
-            log.info('ffmpeg process %s successfully terminated with return code of %s.', proc.pid, proc.returncode)
+            _log.info("ffmpeg process %s successfully terminated with return code of %s.", proc.pid, proc.returncode)
+
+    def _pipe_writer(self, source: io.BufferedIOBase) -> None:
+        while self._process:
+            # arbitrarily large read size
+            data = source.read(8192)
+            if not data:
+                self._process.terminate()
+                return
+            try:
+                self._stdin.write(data)
+            except Exception:
+                _log.debug("Write error for %s, this is probably not a problem", self, exc_info=True)
+                # at this point the source data is either exhausted or the process is fubar
+                self._process.terminate()
+                return
+
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        self._kill_process()
+        self._process = self._stdout = self._stdin = MISSING
 
-        self._process = self._stdout = None
 
 class FFmpegPCMAudio(FFmpegAudio):
     """An audio source from FFmpeg (or AVConv).
@@ -204,33 +252,43 @@ class FFmpegPCMAudio(FFmpegAudio):
         The subprocess failed to be created.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, source, *, executable='ffmpeg', pipe=False, stderr=None, before_options=None, options=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        source: Union[str, io.BufferedIOBase],
+        *,
+        executable: str = "ffmpeg",
+        pipe: bool = False,
+        stderr: Optional[IO[str]] = None,
+        before_options: Optional[str] = None,
+        options: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> None:
         args = []
-        subprocess_kwargs = {'stdin': source if pipe else subprocess.DEVNULL, 'stderr': stderr}
+        subprocess_kwargs = {"stdin": subprocess.PIPE if pipe else subprocess.DEVNULL, "stderr": stderr}
 
         if isinstance(before_options, str):
             args.extend(shlex.split(before_options))
 
-        args.append('-i')
-        args.append('-' if pipe else source)
-        args.extend(('-f', 's16le', '-ar', '48000', '-ac', '2', '-loglevel', 'warning'))
+        args.append("-i")
+        args.append("-" if pipe else source)
+        args.extend(("-f", "s16le", "-ar", "48000", "-ac", "2", "-loglevel", "warning"))
 
         if isinstance(options, str):
             args.extend(shlex.split(options))
 
-        args.append('pipe:1')
+        args.append("pipe:1")
 
         super().__init__(source, executable=executable, args=args, **subprocess_kwargs)
 
-    def read(self):
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
         ret = self._stdout.read(OpusEncoder.FRAME_SIZE)
         if len(ret) != OpusEncoder.FRAME_SIZE:
-            return b''
+            return b""
         return ret
 
-    def is_opus(self):
+    def is_opus(self) -> bool:
         return False
 
+
 class FFmpegOpusAudio(FFmpegAudio):
     """An audio source from FFmpeg (or AVConv).
 
@@ -292,38 +350,65 @@ class FFmpegOpusAudio(FFmpegAudio):
         The subprocess failed to be created.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, source, *, bitrate=128, codec=None, executable='ffmpeg',
-                 pipe=False, stderr=None, before_options=None, options=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        source: Union[str, io.BufferedIOBase],
+        *,
+        bitrate: int = 128,
+        codec: Optional[str] = None,
+        executable: str = "ffmpeg",
+        pipe=False,
+        stderr=None,
+        before_options=None,
+        options=None,
+    ) -> None:
 
         args = []
-        subprocess_kwargs = {'stdin': source if pipe else subprocess.DEVNULL, 'stderr': stderr}
+        subprocess_kwargs = {"stdin": subprocess.PIPE if pipe else subprocess.DEVNULL, "stderr": stderr}
 
         if isinstance(before_options, str):
             args.extend(shlex.split(before_options))
 
-        args.append('-i')
-        args.append('-' if pipe else source)
+        args.append("-i")
+        args.append("-" if pipe else source)
 
-        codec = 'copy' if codec in ('opus', 'libopus') else 'libopus'
+        codec = "copy" if codec in ("opus", "libopus") else "libopus"
 
-        args.extend(('-map_metadata', '-1',
-                     '-f', 'opus',
-                     '-c:a', codec,
-                     '-ar', '48000',
-                     '-ac', '2',
-                     '-b:a', f'{bitrate}k',
-                     '-loglevel', 'warning'))
+        args.extend(
+            (
+                "-map_metadata",
+                "-1",
+                "-f",
+                "opus",
+                "-c:a",
+                codec,
+                "-ar",
+                "48000",
+                "-ac",
+                "2",
+                "-b:a",
+                f"{bitrate}k",
+                "-loglevel",
+                "warning",
+            )
+        )
 
         if isinstance(options, str):
             args.extend(shlex.split(options))
 
-        args.append('pipe:1')
+        args.append("pipe:1")
 
         super().__init__(source, executable=executable, args=args, **subprocess_kwargs)
         self._packet_iter = OggStream(self._stdout).iter_packets()
 
     @classmethod
-    async def from_probe(cls, source, *, method=None, **kwargs):
+    async def from_probe(
+        cls: Type[FT],
+        source: str,
+        *,
+        method: Optional[Union[str, Callable[[str, str], Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]]]] = None,
+        **kwargs: Any,
+    ) -> FT:
         """|coro|
 
         A factory method that creates a :class:`FFmpegOpusAudio` after probing
@@ -347,7 +432,6 @@ class FFmpegOpusAudio(FFmpegAudio):
 
             def custom_probe(source, executable):
                 # some analysis code here
-
                 return codec, bitrate
 
             source = await discord.FFmpegOpusAudio.from_probe("song.webm", method=custom_probe)
@@ -380,12 +464,18 @@ class FFmpegOpusAudio(FFmpegAudio):
             An instance of this class.
         """
 
-        executable = kwargs.get('executable')
+        executable = kwargs.get("executable")
         codec, bitrate = await cls.probe(source, method=method, executable=executable)
-        return cls(source, bitrate=bitrate, codec=codec, **kwargs)
+        return cls(source, bitrate=bitrate, codec=codec, **kwargs)  # type: ignore
 
     @classmethod
-    async def probe(cls, source, *, method=None, executable=None):
+    async def probe(
+        cls,
+        source: str,
+        *,
+        method: Optional[Union[str, Callable[[str, str], Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]]]] = None,
+        executable: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
         """|coro|
 
         Probes the input source for bitrate and codec information.
@@ -408,16 +498,16 @@ class FFmpegOpusAudio(FFmpegAudio):
 
         Returns
         ---------
-        Tuple[Optional[:class:`str`], Optional[:class:`int`]]
+        Optional[Tuple[Optional[:class:`str`], Optional[:class:`int`]]]
             A 2-tuple with the codec and bitrate of the input source.
         """
 
-        method = method or 'native'
-        executable = executable or 'ffmpeg'
+        method = method or "native"
+        executable = executable or "ffmpeg"
         probefunc = fallback = None
 
         if isinstance(method, str):
-            probefunc = getattr(cls, '_probe_codec_' + method, None)
+            probefunc = getattr(cls, "_probe_codec_" + method, None)
             if probefunc is None:
                 raise AttributeError(f"Invalid probe method {method!r}")
 
@@ -428,53 +518,52 @@ class FFmpegOpusAudio(FFmpegAudio):
             probefunc = method
             fallback = cls._probe_codec_fallback
         else:
-            raise TypeError("Expected str or callable for parameter 'probe', " \
-                            f"not '{method.__class__.__name__}'")
+            raise TypeError("Expected str or callable for parameter 'probe', " f"not '{method.__class__.__name__}'")
 
         codec = bitrate = None
         loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
         try:
-            codec, bitrate = await loop.run_in_executor(None, lambda: probefunc(source, executable))
+            codec, bitrate = await loop.run_in_executor(None, lambda: probefunc(source, executable))  # type: ignore
         except Exception:
             if not fallback:
-                log.exception("Probe '%s' using '%s' failed", method, executable)
-                return
+                _log.exception("Probe '%s' using '%s' failed", method, executable)
+                return  # type: ignore
 
-            log.exception("Probe '%s' using '%s' failed, trying fallback", method, executable)
+            _log.exception("Probe '%s' using '%s' failed, trying fallback", method, executable)
             try:
-                codec, bitrate = await loop.run_in_executor(None, lambda: fallback(source, executable))
+                codec, bitrate = await loop.run_in_executor(None, lambda: fallback(source, executable))  # type: ignore
             except Exception:
-                log.exception("Fallback probe using '%s' failed", executable)
+                _log.exception("Fallback probe using '%s' failed", executable)
             else:
-                log.info("Fallback probe found codec=%s, bitrate=%s", codec, bitrate)
+                _log.info("Fallback probe found codec=%s, bitrate=%s", codec, bitrate)
         else:
-            log.info("Probe found codec=%s, bitrate=%s", codec, bitrate)
+            _log.info("Probe found codec=%s, bitrate=%s", codec, bitrate)
         finally:
             return codec, bitrate
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _probe_codec_native(source, executable='ffmpeg'):
-        exe = executable[:2] + 'probe' if executable in ('ffmpeg', 'avconv') else executable
-        args = [exe, '-v', 'quiet', '-print_format', 'json', '-show_streams', '-select_streams', 'a:0', source]
+    def _probe_codec_native(source, executable: str = "ffmpeg") -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
+        exe = executable[:2] + "probe" if executable in ("ffmpeg", "avconv") else executable
+        args = [exe, "-v", "quiet", "-print_format", "json", "-show_streams", "-select_streams", "a:0", source]
         output = subprocess.check_output(args, timeout=20)
         codec = bitrate = None
 
         if output:
             data = json.loads(output)
-            streamdata = data['streams'][0]
+            streamdata = data["streams"][0]
 
-            codec = streamdata.get('codec_name')
-            bitrate = int(streamdata.get('bit_rate', 0))
-            bitrate = max(round(bitrate/1000, 0), 512)
+            codec = streamdata.get("codec_name")
+            bitrate = int(streamdata.get("bit_rate", 0))
+            bitrate = max(round(bitrate / 1000), 512)
 
         return codec, bitrate
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _probe_codec_fallback(source, executable='ffmpeg'):
-        args = [executable, '-hide_banner', '-i',  source]
+    def _probe_codec_fallback(source, executable: str = "ffmpeg") -> Tuple[Optional[str], Optional[int]]:
+        args = [executable, "-hide_banner", "-i", source]
         proc = subprocess.Popen(args, creationflags=CREATE_NO_WINDOW, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
         out, _ = proc.communicate(timeout=20)
-        output = out.decode('utf8')
+        output = out.decode("utf8")
         codec = bitrate = None
 
         codec_match = re.search(r"Stream #0.*?Audio: (\w+)", output)
@@ -487,13 +576,14 @@ class FFmpegOpusAudio(FFmpegAudio):
 
         return codec, bitrate
 
-    def read(self):
-        return next(self._packet_iter, b'')
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
+        return next(self._packet_iter, b"")
 
-    def is_opus(self):
+    def is_opus(self) -> bool:
         return True
 
-class PCMVolumeTransformer(AudioSource):
+
+class PCMVolumeTransformer(AudioSource, Generic[AT]):
     """Transforms a previous :class:`AudioSource` to have volume controls.
 
     This does not work on audio sources that have :meth:`AudioSource.is_opus`
@@ -515,53 +605,54 @@ class PCMVolumeTransformer(AudioSource):
         The audio source is opus encoded.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, original, volume=1.0):
+    def __init__(self, original: AT, volume: float = 1.0):
         if not isinstance(original, AudioSource):
-            raise TypeError(f'expected AudioSource not {original.__class__.__name__}.')
+            raise TypeError(f"expected AudioSource not {original.__class__.__name__}.")
 
         if original.is_opus():
-            raise ClientException('AudioSource must not be Opus encoded.')
+            raise ClientException("AudioSource must not be Opus encoded.")
 
-        self.original = original
+        self.original: AT = original
         self.volume = volume
 
     @property
-    def volume(self):
+    def volume(self) -> float:
         """Retrieves or sets the volume as a floating point percentage (e.g. ``1.0`` for 100%)."""
         return self._volume
 
     @volume.setter
-    def volume(self, value):
+    def volume(self, value: float) -> None:
         self._volume = max(value, 0.0)
 
-    def cleanup(self):
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
         self.original.cleanup()
 
-    def read(self):
+    def read(self) -> bytes:
         ret = self.original.read()
         return audioop.mul(ret, 2, min(self._volume, 2.0))
 
+
 class AudioPlayer(threading.Thread):
-    DELAY = OpusEncoder.FRAME_LENGTH / 1000.0
+    DELAY: float = OpusEncoder.FRAME_LENGTH / 1000.0
 
-    def __init__(self, source, client, *, after=None):
+    def __init__(self, source: AudioSource, client: VoiceClient, *, after=None):
         threading.Thread.__init__(self)
-        self.daemon = True
-        self.source = source
-        self.client = client
-        self.after = after
+        self.daemon: bool = True
+        self.source: AudioSource = source
+        self.client: VoiceClient = client
+        self.after: Optional[Callable[[Optional[Exception]], Any]] = after
 
-        self._end = threading.Event()
-        self._resumed = threading.Event()
-        self._resumed.set() # we are not paused
-        self._current_error = None
-        self._connected = client._connected
-        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._end: threading.Event = threading.Event()
+        self._resumed: threading.Event = threading.Event()
+        self._resumed.set()  # we are not paused
+        self._current_error: Optional[Exception] = None
+        self._connected: threading.Event = client._connected
+        self._lock: threading.Lock = threading.Lock()
 
         if after is not None and not callable(after):
             raise TypeError('Expected a callable for the "after" parameter.')
 
-    def _do_run(self):
+    def _do_run(self) -> None:
         self.loops = 0
         self._start = time.perf_counter()
 
@@ -596,7 +687,7 @@ class AudioPlayer(threading.Thread):
             delay = max(0, self.DELAY + (next_time - time.perf_counter()))
             time.sleep(delay)
 
-    def run(self):
+    def run(self) -> None:
         try:
             self._do_run()
         except Exception as exc:
@@ -606,53 +697,53 @@ class AudioPlayer(threading.Thread):
             self.source.cleanup()
             self._call_after()
 
-    def _call_after(self):
+    def _call_after(self) -> None:
         error = self._current_error
 
         if self.after is not None:
             try:
                 self.after(error)
             except Exception as exc:
-                log.exception('Calling the after function failed.')
+                _log.exception("Calling the after function failed.")
                 exc.__context__ = error
                 traceback.print_exception(type(exc), exc, exc.__traceback__)
         elif error:
-            msg = f'Exception in voice thread {self.name}'
-            log.exception(msg, exc_info=error)
+            msg = f"Exception in voice thread {self.name}"
+            _log.exception(msg, exc_info=error)
             print(msg, file=sys.stderr)
             traceback.print_exception(type(error), error, error.__traceback__)
 
-    def stop(self):
+    def stop(self) -> None:
         self._end.set()
         self._resumed.set()
         self._speak(False)
 
-    def pause(self, *, update_speaking=True):
+    def pause(self, *, update_speaking: bool = True) -> None:
         self._resumed.clear()
         if update_speaking:
             self._speak(False)
 
-    def resume(self, *, update_speaking=True):
+    def resume(self, *, update_speaking: bool = True) -> None:
         self.loops = 0
         self._start = time.perf_counter()
         self._resumed.set()
         if update_speaking:
             self._speak(True)
 
-    def is_playing(self):
+    def is_playing(self) -> bool:
         return self._resumed.is_set() and not self._end.is_set()
 
-    def is_paused(self):
+    def is_paused(self) -> bool:
         return not self._end.is_set() and not self._resumed.is_set()
 
-    def _set_source(self, source):
+    def _set_source(self, source: AudioSource) -> None:
         with self._lock:
             self.pause(update_speaking=False)
             self.source = source
             self.resume(update_speaking=False)
 
-    def _speak(self, speaking):
+    def _speak(self, speaking: bool) -> None:
         try:
             asyncio.run_coroutine_threadsafe(self.client.ws.speak(speaking), self.client.loop)
         except Exception as e:
-            log.info("Speaking call in player failed: %s", e)
+            _log.info("Speaking call in player failed: %s", e)

discord/raw_models.py

@@ -22,20 +22,44 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Set, List
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .types.raw_models import (
+        MessageDeleteEvent,
+        BulkMessageDeleteEvent,
+        ReactionActionEvent,
+        MessageUpdateEvent,
+        ReactionClearEvent,
+        ReactionClearEmojiEvent,
+        IntegrationDeleteEvent,
+        TypingEvent,
+    )
+    from .message import Message
+    from .partial_emoji import PartialEmoji
+    from .member import Member
+
+
 __all__ = (
-    'RawMessageDeleteEvent',
-    'RawBulkMessageDeleteEvent',
-    'RawMessageUpdateEvent',
-    'RawReactionActionEvent',
-    'RawReactionClearEvent',
-    'RawReactionClearEmojiEvent',
-    'RawIntegrationDeleteEvent',
+    "RawMessageDeleteEvent",
+    "RawBulkMessageDeleteEvent",
+    "RawMessageUpdateEvent",
+    "RawReactionActionEvent",
+    "RawReactionClearEvent",
+    "RawReactionClearEmojiEvent",
+    "RawIntegrationDeleteEvent",
+    "RawTypingEvent",
 )
 
+
 class _RawReprMixin:
-    def __repr__(self):
-        value = ' '.join(f'{attr}={getattr(self, attr)!r}' for attr in self.__slots__)
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} {value}>'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        value = " ".join(f"{attr}={getattr(self, attr)!r}" for attr in self.__slots__)
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {value}>"
+
 
 class RawMessageDeleteEvent(_RawReprMixin):
     """Represents the event payload for a :func:`on_raw_message_delete` event.
@@ -52,16 +76,17 @@ class RawMessageDeleteEvent(_RawReprMixin):
         The cached message, if found in the internal message cache.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('message_id', 'channel_id', 'guild_id', 'cached_message')
+    __slots__ = ("message_id", "channel_id", "guild_id", "cached_message")
 
-    def __init__(self, data):
-        self.message_id = int(data['id'])
-        self.channel_id = int(data['channel_id'])
-        self.cached_message = None
+    def __init__(self, data: MessageDeleteEvent) -> None:
+        self.message_id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.channel_id: int = int(data["channel_id"])
+        self.cached_message: Optional[Message] = None
         try:
-            self.guild_id = int(data['guild_id'])
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = int(data["guild_id"])
         except KeyError:
-            self.guild_id = None
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = None
+
 
 class RawBulkMessageDeleteEvent(_RawReprMixin):
     """Represents the event payload for a :func:`on_raw_bulk_message_delete` event.
@@ -78,17 +103,18 @@ class RawBulkMessageDeleteEvent(_RawReprMixin):
         The cached messages, if found in the internal message cache.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('message_ids', 'channel_id', 'guild_id', 'cached_messages')
+    __slots__ = ("message_ids", "channel_id", "guild_id", "cached_messages")
 
-    def __init__(self, data):
-        self.message_ids = {int(x) for x in data.get('ids', [])}
-        self.channel_id = int(data['channel_id'])
-        self.cached_messages = []
+    def __init__(self, data: BulkMessageDeleteEvent) -> None:
+        self.message_ids: Set[int] = {int(x) for x in data.get("ids", [])}
+        self.channel_id: int = int(data["channel_id"])
+        self.cached_messages: List[Message] = []
 
         try:
-            self.guild_id = int(data['guild_id'])
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = int(data["guild_id"])
         except KeyError:
-            self.guild_id = None
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = None
+
 
 class RawMessageUpdateEvent(_RawReprMixin):
     """Represents the payload for a :func:`on_raw_message_edit` event.
@@ -113,18 +139,19 @@ class RawMessageUpdateEvent(_RawReprMixin):
         it is modified by the data in :attr:`RawMessageUpdateEvent.data`.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('message_id', 'channel_id', 'guild_id', 'data', 'cached_message')
+    __slots__ = ("message_id", "channel_id", "guild_id", "data", "cached_message")
 
-    def __init__(self, data):
-        self.message_id = int(data['id'])
-        self.channel_id = int(data['channel_id'])
-        self.data = data
-        self.cached_message = None
+    def __init__(self, data: MessageUpdateEvent) -> None:
+        self.message_id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.channel_id: int = int(data["channel_id"])
+        self.data: MessageUpdateEvent = data
+        self.cached_message: Optional[Message] = None
 
         try:
-            self.guild_id = int(data['guild_id'])
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = int(data["guild_id"])
         except KeyError:
-            self.guild_id = None
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = None
+
 
 class RawReactionActionEvent(_RawReprMixin):
     """Represents the payload for a :func:`on_raw_reaction_add` or
@@ -155,21 +182,21 @@ class RawReactionActionEvent(_RawReprMixin):
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('message_id', 'user_id', 'channel_id', 'guild_id', 'emoji',
-                 'event_type', 'member')
+    __slots__ = ("message_id", "user_id", "channel_id", "guild_id", "emoji", "event_type", "member")
 
-    def __init__(self, data, emoji, event_type):
-        self.message_id = int(data['message_id'])
-        self.channel_id = int(data['channel_id'])
-        self.user_id = int(data['user_id'])
-        self.emoji = emoji
-        self.event_type = event_type
-        self.member = None
+    def __init__(self, data: ReactionActionEvent, emoji: PartialEmoji, event_type: str) -> None:
+        self.message_id: int = int(data["message_id"])
+        self.channel_id: int = int(data["channel_id"])
+        self.user_id: int = int(data["user_id"])
+        self.emoji: PartialEmoji = emoji
+        self.event_type: str = event_type
+        self.member: Optional[Member] = None
 
         try:
-            self.guild_id = int(data['guild_id'])
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = int(data["guild_id"])
         except KeyError:
-            self.guild_id = None
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = None
+
 
 class RawReactionClearEvent(_RawReprMixin):
     """Represents the payload for a :func:`on_raw_reaction_clear` event.
@@ -184,16 +211,17 @@ class RawReactionClearEvent(_RawReprMixin):
         The guild ID where the reactions got cleared.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('message_id', 'channel_id', 'guild_id')
+    __slots__ = ("message_id", "channel_id", "guild_id")
 
-    def __init__(self, data):
-        self.message_id = int(data['message_id'])
-        self.channel_id = int(data['channel_id'])
+    def __init__(self, data: ReactionClearEvent) -> None:
+        self.message_id: int = int(data["message_id"])
+        self.channel_id: int = int(data["channel_id"])
 
         try:
-            self.guild_id = int(data['guild_id'])
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = int(data["guild_id"])
         except KeyError:
-            self.guild_id = None
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = None
+
 
 class RawReactionClearEmojiEvent(_RawReprMixin):
     """Represents the payload for a :func:`on_raw_reaction_clear_emoji` event.
@@ -212,17 +240,18 @@ class RawReactionClearEmojiEvent(_RawReprMixin):
         The custom or unicode emoji being removed.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('message_id', 'channel_id', 'guild_id', 'emoji')
+    __slots__ = ("message_id", "channel_id", "guild_id", "emoji")
 
-    def __init__(self, data, emoji):
-        self.emoji = emoji
-        self.message_id = int(data['message_id'])
-        self.channel_id = int(data['channel_id'])
+    def __init__(self, data: ReactionClearEmojiEvent, emoji: PartialEmoji) -> None:
+        self.emoji: PartialEmoji = emoji
+        self.message_id: int = int(data["message_id"])
+        self.channel_id: int = int(data["channel_id"])
 
         try:
-            self.guild_id = int(data['guild_id'])
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = int(data["guild_id"])
         except KeyError:
-            self.guild_id = None
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = None
+
 
 class RawIntegrationDeleteEvent(_RawReprMixin):
     """Represents the payload for a :func:`on_raw_integration_delete` event.
@@ -239,13 +268,46 @@ class RawIntegrationDeleteEvent(_RawReprMixin):
         The guild ID where the integration got deleted.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('integration_id', 'application_id', 'guild_id')
+    __slots__ = ("integration_id", "application_id", "guild_id")
 
-    def __init__(self, data):
-        self.integration_id = int(data['id'])
-        self.guild_id = int(data['guild_id'])
+    def __init__(self, data: IntegrationDeleteEvent) -> None:
+        self.integration_id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.guild_id: int = int(data["guild_id"])
 
         try:
-            self.application_id = int(data['application_id'])
+            self.application_id: Optional[int] = int(data["application_id"])
         except KeyError:
-            self.application_id = None
+            self.application_id: Optional[int] = None
+
+
+class RawTypingEvent(_RawReprMixin):
+    """Represents the payload for a :func:`on_raw_typing` event.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    Attributes
+    -----------
+    channel_id: :class:`int`
+        The channel ID where the typing originated from.
+    user_id: :class:`int`
+        The ID of the user that started typing.
+    when: :class:`datetime.datetime`
+        When the typing started as an aware datetime in UTC.
+    guild_id: Optional[:class:`int`]
+        The guild ID where the typing originated from, if applicable.
+    member: Optional[:class:`Member`]
+        The member who started typing. Only available if the member started typing in a guild.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("channel_id", "user_id", "when", "guild_id", "member")
+
+    def __init__(self, data: TypingEvent) -> None:
+        self.channel_id: int = int(data["channel_id"])
+        self.user_id: int = int(data["user_id"])
+        self.when: datetime.datetime = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(data.get("timestamp"), tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+        self.member: Optional[Member] = None
+
+        try:
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = int(data["guild_id"])
+        except KeyError:
+            self.guild_id: Optional[int] = None

discord/reaction.py

@@ -22,11 +22,20 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+from typing import Any, TYPE_CHECKING, Union, Optional
+
 from .iterators import ReactionIterator
 
-__all__ = (
-    'Reaction',
-)
+__all__ = ("Reaction",)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .types.message import Reaction as ReactionPayload
+    from .message import Message
+    from .partial_emoji import PartialEmoji
+    from .emoji import Emoji
+    from .abc import Snowflake
+
 
 class Reaction:
     """Represents a reaction to a message.
@@ -65,37 +74,40 @@ class Reaction:
     message: :class:`Message`
         Message this reaction is for.
     """
-    __slots__ = ('message', 'count', 'emoji', 'me')
 
-    def __init__(self, *, message, data, emoji=None):
-        self.message = message
-        self.emoji = emoji or message._state.get_reaction_emoji(data['emoji'])
-        self.count = data.get('count', 1)
-        self.me = data.get('me')
+    __slots__ = ("message", "count", "emoji", "me")
 
-    @property
-    def custom_emoji(self):
+    def __init__(
+        self, *, message: Message, data: ReactionPayload, emoji: Optional[Union[PartialEmoji, Emoji, str]] = None
+    ):
+        self.message: Message = message
+        self.emoji: Union[PartialEmoji, Emoji, str] = emoji or message._state.get_reaction_emoji(data["emoji"])
+        self.count: int = data.get("count", 1)
+        self.me: bool = data.get("me")
+
+    # TODO: typeguard
+    def is_custom_emoji(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: If this is a custom emoji."""
         return not isinstance(self.emoji, str)
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return isinstance(other, self.__class__) and other.emoji == self.emoji
 
-    def __ne__(self, other):
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
             return other.emoji != self.emoji
         return True
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self.emoji)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return str(self.emoji)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<Reaction emoji={self.emoji!r} me={self.me} count={self.count}>'
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<Reaction emoji={self.emoji!r} me={self.me} count={self.count}>"
 
-    async def remove(self, user):
+    async def remove(self, user: Snowflake) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Remove the reaction by the provided :class:`User` from the message.
@@ -123,7 +135,7 @@ class Reaction:
 
         await self.message.remove_reaction(self.emoji, user)
 
-    async def clear(self):
+    async def clear(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Clears this reaction from the message.
@@ -145,7 +157,7 @@ class Reaction:
         """
         await self.message.clear_reaction(self.emoji)
 
-    def users(self, limit=None, after=None):
+    def users(self, *, limit: Optional[int] = None, after: Optional[Snowflake] = None) -> ReactionIterator:
         """Returns an :class:`AsyncIterator` representing the users that have reacted to the message.
 
         The ``after`` parameter must represent a member
@@ -169,11 +181,11 @@ class Reaction:
 
         Parameters
         ------------
-        limit: :class:`int`
+        limit: Optional[:class:`int`]
             The maximum number of results to return.
             If not provided, returns all the users who
             reacted to the message.
-        after: :class:`abc.Snowflake`
+        after: Optional[:class:`abc.Snowflake`]
             For pagination, reactions are sorted by member.
 
         Raises
@@ -190,8 +202,8 @@ class Reaction:
             if the member has left the guild.
         """
 
-        if self.custom_emoji:
-            emoji = f'{self.emoji.name}:{self.emoji.id}'
+        if not isinstance(self.emoji, str):
+            emoji = f"{self.emoji.name}:{self.emoji.id}"
         else:
             emoji = self.emoji
 

discord/role.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
-from typing import Any, List, Optional, TypeVar, Union, overload, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, TypeVar, Union, overload, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 from .permissions import Permissions
 from .errors import InvalidArgument
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@ from .mixins import Hashable
 from .utils import snowflake_time, _get_as_snowflake, MISSING
 
 __all__ = (
-    'RoleTags',
-    'Role',
+    "RoleTags",
+    "Role",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
         Role as RolePayload,
         RoleTags as RoleTagPayload,
     )
+    from .types.guild import RolePositionUpdate
     from .guild import Guild
     from .member import Member
     from .state import ConnectionState
@@ -67,19 +68,19 @@ class RoleTags:
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'bot_id',
-        'integration_id',
-        '_premium_subscriber',
+        "bot_id",
+        "integration_id",
+        "_premium_subscriber",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, data: RoleTagPayload):
-        self.bot_id: Optional[int] = _get_as_snowflake(data, 'bot_id')
-        self.integration_id: Optional[int] = _get_as_snowflake(data, 'integration_id')
+        self.bot_id: Optional[int] = _get_as_snowflake(data, "bot_id")
+        self.integration_id: Optional[int] = _get_as_snowflake(data, "integration_id")
         # NOTE: The API returns "null" for this if it's valid, which corresponds to None.
         # This is different from other fields where "null" means "not there".
         # So in this case, a value of None is the same as True.
         # Which means we would need a different sentinel.
-        self._premium_subscriber: Optional[Any] = data.get('premium_subscriber', MISSING)
+        self._premium_subscriber: Optional[Any] = data.get("premium_subscriber", MISSING)
 
     def is_bot_managed(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: Whether the role is associated with a bot."""
@@ -95,12 +96,12 @@ class RoleTags:
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'<RoleTags bot_id={self.bot_id} integration_id={self.integration_id} '
-            f'premium_subscriber={self.is_premium_subscriber()}>'
+            f"<RoleTags bot_id={self.bot_id} integration_id={self.integration_id} "
+            f"premium_subscriber={self.is_premium_subscriber()}>"
         )
 
 
-R = TypeVar('R', bound='Role')
+R = TypeVar("R", bound="Role")
 
 
 class Role(Hashable):
@@ -140,6 +141,14 @@ class Role(Hashable):
 
             Returns the role's name.
 
+        .. describe:: str(x)
+
+            Returns the role's ID.
+
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the role's ID.
+
     Attributes
     ----------
     id: :class:`int`
@@ -172,37 +181,40 @@ class Role(Hashable):
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'id',
-        'name',
-        '_permissions',
-        '_colour',
-        'position',
-        'managed',
-        'mentionable',
-        'hoist',
-        'guild',
-        'tags',
-        '_state',
+        "id",
+        "name",
+        "_permissions",
+        "_colour",
+        "position",
+        "managed",
+        "mentionable",
+        "hoist",
+        "guild",
+        "tags",
+        "_state",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, *, guild: Guild, state: ConnectionState, data: RolePayload):
         self.guild: Guild = guild
         self._state: ConnectionState = state
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
         self._update(data)
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.name
 
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
+        return self.id
+
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<Role id={self.id} name={self.name!r}>'
+        return f"<Role id={self.id} name={self.name!r}>"
 
     def __lt__(self: R, other: R) -> bool:
         if not isinstance(other, Role) or not isinstance(self, Role):
             return NotImplemented
 
         if self.guild != other.guild:
-            raise RuntimeError('cannot compare roles from two different guilds.')
+            raise RuntimeError("cannot compare roles from two different guilds.")
 
         # the @everyone role is always the lowest role in hierarchy
         guild_id = self.guild.id
@@ -234,17 +246,17 @@ class Role(Hashable):
         return not r
 
     def _update(self, data: RolePayload):
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self._permissions: int = int(data.get('permissions', 0))
-        self.position: int = data.get('position', 0)
-        self._colour: int = data.get('color', 0)
-        self.hoist: bool = data.get('hoist', False)
-        self.managed: bool = data.get('managed', False)
-        self.mentionable: bool = data.get('mentionable', False)
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self._permissions: int = int(data.get("permissions", 0))
+        self.position: int = data.get("position", 0)
+        self._colour: int = data.get("color", 0)
+        self.hoist: bool = data.get("hoist", False)
+        self.managed: bool = data.get("managed", False)
+        self.mentionable: bool = data.get("mentionable", False)
         self.tags: Optional[RoleTags]
 
         try:
-            self.tags = RoleTags(data['tags'])
+            self.tags = RoleTags(data["tags"])
         except KeyError:
             self.tags = None
 
@@ -304,7 +316,7 @@ class Role(Hashable):
     @property
     def mention(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: Returns a string that allows you to mention a role."""
-        return f'<@&{self.id}>'
+        return f"<@&{self.id}>"
 
     @property
     def members(self) -> List[Member]:
@@ -336,28 +348,21 @@ class Role(Hashable):
         else:
             roles.append(self.id)
 
-        payload = [{"id": z[0], "position": z[1]} for z in zip(roles, change_range)]
+        payload: List[RolePositionUpdate] = [{"id": z[0], "position": z[1]} for z in zip(roles, change_range)]
         await http.move_role_position(self.guild.id, payload, reason=reason)
 
-    @overload
     async def edit(
         self,
         *,
-        reason: Optional[str] = ...,
-        name: str = ...,
-        permissions: Permissions = ...,
-        colour: Union[Colour, int] = ...,
-        hoist: bool = ...,
-        mentionable: bool = ...,
-        position: int = ...,
-    ) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    @overload
-    async def edit(self) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    async def edit(self, *, reason=None, **fields) -> None:
+        name: str = MISSING,
+        permissions: Permissions = MISSING,
+        colour: Union[Colour, int] = MISSING,
+        color: Union[Colour, int] = MISSING,
+        hoist: bool = MISSING,
+        mentionable: bool = MISSING,
+        position: int = MISSING,
+        reason: Optional[str] = MISSING,
+    ) -> Optional[Role]:
         """|coro|
 
         Edits the role.
@@ -370,6 +375,9 @@ class Role(Hashable):
         .. versionchanged:: 1.4
             Can now pass ``int`` to ``colour`` keyword-only parameter.
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            Edits are no longer in-place, the newly edited role is returned instead.
+
         Parameters
         -----------
         name: :class:`str`
@@ -397,31 +405,39 @@ class Role(Hashable):
         InvalidArgument
             An invalid position was given or the default
             role was asked to be moved.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Role`
+            The newly edited role.
         """
-
-        position = fields.get('position')
-        if position is not None:
+        if position is not MISSING:
             await self._move(position, reason=reason)
-            self.position = position
 
-        try:
-            colour = fields['colour']
-        except KeyError:
-            colour = fields.get('color', self.colour)
+        payload: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if color is not MISSING:
+            colour = color
 
-        if isinstance(colour, int):
-            colour = Colour(value=colour)
+        if colour is not MISSING:
+            if isinstance(colour, int):
+                payload["color"] = colour
+            else:
+                payload["color"] = colour.value
 
-        payload = {
-            'name': fields.get('name', self.name),
-            'permissions': str(fields.get('permissions', self.permissions).value),
-            'color': colour.value,
-            'hoist': fields.get('hoist', self.hoist),
-            'mentionable': fields.get('mentionable', self.mentionable),
-        }
+        if name is not MISSING:
+            payload["name"] = name
+
+        if permissions is not MISSING:
+            payload["permissions"] = permissions.value
+
+        if hoist is not MISSING:
+            payload["hoist"] = hoist
+
+        if mentionable is not MISSING:
+            payload["mentionable"] = mentionable
 
         data = await self._state.http.edit_role(self.guild.id, self.id, reason=reason, **payload)
-        self._update(data)
+        return Role(guild=self.guild, data=data, state=self._state)
 
     async def delete(self, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """|coro|

discord/shard.py

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
-import itertools
 import logging
 
 import aiohttp
@@ -34,22 +35,30 @@ from .backoff import ExponentialBackoff
 from .gateway import *
 from .errors import (
     ClientException,
-    InvalidArgument,
     HTTPException,
     GatewayNotFound,
     ConnectionClosed,
     PrivilegedIntentsRequired,
 )
 
-from . import utils
 from .enums import Status
 
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Tuple, Type, Optional, List, Dict, TypeVar
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .gateway import DiscordWebSocket
+    from .activity import BaseActivity
+    from .enums import Status
+
+    EI = TypeVar("EI", bound="EventItem")
+
 __all__ = (
-    'AutoShardedClient',
-    'ShardInfo',
+    "AutoShardedClient",
+    "ShardInfo",
 )
 
-log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class EventType:
     close = 0
@@ -59,39 +68,41 @@ class EventType:
     terminate = 4
     clean_close = 5
 
+
 class EventItem:
-    __slots__ = ('type', 'shard', 'error')
+    __slots__ = ("type", "shard", "error")
 
-    def __init__(self, etype, shard, error):
-        self.type = etype
-        self.shard = shard
-        self.error = error
+    def __init__(self, etype: int, shard: Optional["Shard"], error: Optional[Exception]) -> None:
+        self.type: int = etype
+        self.shard: Optional["Shard"] = shard
+        self.error: Optional[Exception] = error
 
-    def __lt__(self, other):
+    def __lt__(self: EI, other: EI) -> bool:
         if not isinstance(other, EventItem):
             return NotImplemented
         return self.type < other.type
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self: EI, other: EI) -> bool:
         if not isinstance(other, EventItem):
             return NotImplemented
         return self.type == other.type
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return hash(self.type)
 
+
 class Shard:
-    def __init__(self, ws, client, queue_put):
-        self.ws = ws
-        self._client = client
-        self._dispatch = client.dispatch
-        self._queue_put = queue_put
-        self.loop = self._client.loop
-        self._disconnect = False
+    def __init__(self, ws: DiscordWebSocket, client: AutoShardedClient, queue_put: Callable[[EventItem], None]) -> None:
+        self.ws: DiscordWebSocket = ws
+        self._client: Client = client
+        self._dispatch: Callable[..., None] = client.dispatch
+        self._queue_put: Callable[[EventItem], None] = queue_put
+        self.loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = self._client.loop
+        self._disconnect: bool = False
         self._reconnect = client._reconnect
-        self._backoff = ExponentialBackoff()
-        self._task = None
-        self._handled_exceptions = (
+        self._backoff: ExponentialBackoff = ExponentialBackoff()
+        self._task: Optional[asyncio.Task] = None
+        self._handled_exceptions: Tuple[Type[Exception], ...] = (
             OSError,
             HTTPException,
             GatewayNotFound,
@@ -101,27 +112,28 @@ class Shard:
         )
 
     @property
-    def id(self):
-        return self.ws.shard_id
+    def id(self) -> int:
+        # DiscordWebSocket.shard_id is set in the from_client classmethod
+        return self.ws.shard_id  # type: ignore
 
-    def launch(self):
+    def launch(self) -> None:
         self._task = self.loop.create_task(self.worker())
 
-    def _cancel_task(self):
+    def _cancel_task(self) -> None:
         if self._task is not None and not self._task.done():
             self._task.cancel()
 
-    async def close(self):
+    async def close(self) -> None:
         self._cancel_task()
         await self.ws.close(code=1000)
 
-    async def disconnect(self):
+    async def disconnect(self) -> None:
         await self.close()
-        self._dispatch('shard_disconnect', self.id)
+        self._dispatch("shard_disconnect", self.id)
 
-    async def _handle_disconnect(self, e):
-        self._dispatch('disconnect')
-        self._dispatch('shard_disconnect', self.id)
+    async def _handle_disconnect(self, e: Exception) -> None:
+        self._dispatch("disconnect")
+        self._dispatch("shard_disconnect", self.id)
         if not self._reconnect:
             self._queue_put(EventItem(EventType.close, self, e))
             return
@@ -144,11 +156,11 @@ class Shard:
                 return
 
         retry = self._backoff.delay()
-        log.error('Attempting a reconnect for shard ID %s in %.2fs', self.id, retry, exc_info=e)
+        _log.error("Attempting a reconnect for shard ID %s in %.2fs", self.id, retry, exc_info=e)
         await asyncio.sleep(retry)
         self._queue_put(EventItem(EventType.reconnect, self, e))
 
-    async def worker(self):
+    async def worker(self) -> None:
         while not self._client.is_closed():
             try:
                 await self.ws.poll_event()
@@ -165,14 +177,19 @@ class Shard:
                 self._queue_put(EventItem(EventType.terminate, self, e))
                 break
 
-    async def reidentify(self, exc):
+    async def reidentify(self, exc: ReconnectWebSocket) -> None:
         self._cancel_task()
-        self._dispatch('disconnect')
-        self._dispatch('shard_disconnect', self.id)
-        log.info('Got a request to %s the websocket at Shard ID %s.', exc.op, self.id)
+        self._dispatch("disconnect")
+        self._dispatch("shard_disconnect", self.id)
+        _log.info("Got a request to %s the websocket at Shard ID %s.", exc.op, self.id)
         try:
-            coro = DiscordWebSocket.from_client(self._client, resume=exc.resume, shard_id=self.id,
-                                                session=self.ws.session_id, sequence=self.ws.sequence)
+            coro = DiscordWebSocket.from_client(
+                self._client,
+                resume=exc.resume,
+                shard_id=self.id,
+                session=self.ws.session_id,
+                sequence=self.ws.sequence,
+            )
             self.ws = await asyncio.wait_for(coro, timeout=60.0)
         except self._handled_exceptions as e:
             await self._handle_disconnect(e)
@@ -183,7 +200,7 @@ class Shard:
         else:
             self.launch()
 
-    async def reconnect(self):
+    async def reconnect(self) -> None:
         self._cancel_task()
         try:
             coro = DiscordWebSocket.from_client(self._client, shard_id=self.id)
@@ -197,6 +214,7 @@ class Shard:
         else:
             self.launch()
 
+
 class ShardInfo:
     """A class that gives information and control over a specific shard.
 
@@ -213,18 +231,18 @@ class ShardInfo:
         The shard count for this cluster. If this is ``None`` then the bot has not started yet.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_parent', 'id', 'shard_count')
+    __slots__ = ("_parent", "id", "shard_count")
 
-    def __init__(self, parent, shard_count):
-        self._parent = parent
-        self.id = parent.id
-        self.shard_count = shard_count
+    def __init__(self, parent: Shard, shard_count: Optional[int]) -> None:
+        self._parent: Shard = parent
+        self.id: int = parent.id
+        self.shard_count: Optional[int] = shard_count
 
-    def is_closed(self):
+    def is_closed(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: Whether the shard connection is currently closed."""
         return not self._parent.ws.open
 
-    async def disconnect(self):
+    async def disconnect(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Disconnects a shard. When this is called, the shard connection will no
@@ -237,7 +255,7 @@ class ShardInfo:
 
         await self._parent.disconnect()
 
-    async def reconnect(self):
+    async def reconnect(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Disconnects and then connects the shard again.
@@ -246,7 +264,7 @@ class ShardInfo:
             await self._parent.disconnect()
         await self._parent.reconnect()
 
-    async def connect(self):
+    async def connect(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Connects a shard. If the shard is already connected this does nothing.
@@ -257,11 +275,11 @@ class ShardInfo:
         await self._parent.reconnect()
 
     @property
-    def latency(self):
+    def latency(self) -> float:
         """:class:`float`: Measures latency between a HEARTBEAT and a HEARTBEAT_ACK in seconds for this shard."""
         return self._parent.ws.latency
 
-    def is_ws_ratelimited(self):
+    def is_ws_ratelimited(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: Whether the websocket is currently rate limited.
 
         This can be useful to know when deciding whether you should query members
@@ -271,6 +289,7 @@ class ShardInfo:
         """
         return self._parent.ws.is_ratelimited()
 
+
 class AutoShardedClient(Client):
     """A client similar to :class:`Client` except it handles the complications
     of sharding for the user into a more manageable and transparent single
@@ -297,16 +316,20 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
     shard_ids: Optional[List[:class:`int`]]
         An optional list of shard_ids to launch the shards with.
     """
-    def __init__(self, *args, loop=None, **kwargs):
-        kwargs.pop('shard_id', None)
-        self.shard_ids = kwargs.pop('shard_ids', None)
+
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        _connection: AutoShardedConnectionState
+
+    def __init__(self, *args: Any, loop: Optional[asyncio.AbstractEventLoop] = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+        kwargs.pop("shard_id", None)
+        self.shard_ids: Optional[List[int]] = kwargs.pop("shard_ids", None)
         super().__init__(*args, loop=loop, **kwargs)
 
         if self.shard_ids is not None:
             if self.shard_count is None:
-                raise ClientException('When passing manual shard_ids, you must provide a shard_count.')
+                raise ClientException("When passing manual shard_ids, you must provide a shard_count.")
             elif not isinstance(self.shard_ids, (list, tuple)):
-                raise ClientException('shard_ids parameter must be a list or a tuple.')
+                raise ClientException("shard_ids parameter must be a list or a tuple.")
 
         # instead of a single websocket, we have multiple
         # the key is the shard_id
@@ -315,18 +338,24 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
         self._connection._get_client = lambda: self
         self.__queue = asyncio.PriorityQueue()
 
-    def _get_websocket(self, guild_id=None, *, shard_id=None):
+    def _get_websocket(self, guild_id: Optional[int] = None, *, shard_id: Optional[int] = None) -> DiscordWebSocket:
         if shard_id is None:
-            shard_id = (guild_id >> 22) % self.shard_count
+            # guild_id won't be None if shard_id is None and shard_count won't be None here
+            shard_id = (guild_id >> 22) % self.shard_count  # type: ignore
         return self.__shards[shard_id].ws
 
-    def _get_state(self, **options):
-        return AutoShardedConnectionState(dispatch=self.dispatch,
-                                          handlers=self._handlers,
-                                          hooks=self._hooks, http=self.http, loop=self.loop, **options)
+    def _get_state(self, **options: Any) -> AutoShardedConnectionState:
+        return AutoShardedConnectionState(
+            dispatch=self.dispatch,
+            handlers=self._handlers,
+            hooks=self._hooks,
+            http=self.http,
+            loop=self.loop,
+            **options,
+        )
 
     @property
-    def latency(self):
+    def latency(self) -> float:
         """:class:`float`: Measures latency between a HEARTBEAT and a HEARTBEAT_ACK in seconds.
 
         This operates similarly to :meth:`Client.latency` except it uses the average
@@ -334,18 +363,18 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
         :attr:`latencies` property. Returns ``nan`` if there are no shards ready.
         """
         if not self.__shards:
-            return float('nan')
+            return float("nan")
         return sum(latency for _, latency in self.latencies) / len(self.__shards)
 
     @property
-    def latencies(self):
+    def latencies(self) -> List[Tuple[int, float]]:
         """List[Tuple[:class:`int`, :class:`float`]]: A list of latencies between a HEARTBEAT and a HEARTBEAT_ACK in seconds.
 
         This returns a list of tuples with elements ``(shard_id, latency)``.
         """
         return [(shard_id, shard.ws.latency) for shard_id, shard in self.__shards.items()]
 
-    def get_shard(self, shard_id):
+    def get_shard(self, shard_id: int) -> Optional[ShardInfo]:
         """Optional[:class:`ShardInfo`]: Gets the shard information at a given shard ID or ``None`` if not found."""
         try:
             parent = self.__shards[shard_id]
@@ -355,16 +384,16 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
             return ShardInfo(parent, self.shard_count)
 
     @property
-    def shards(self):
+    def shards(self) -> Dict[int, ShardInfo]:
         """Mapping[int, :class:`ShardInfo`]: Returns a mapping of shard IDs to their respective info object."""
-        return { shard_id: ShardInfo(parent, self.shard_count) for shard_id, parent in self.__shards.items() }
+        return {shard_id: ShardInfo(parent, self.shard_count) for shard_id, parent in self.__shards.items()}
 
-    async def launch_shard(self, gateway, shard_id, *, initial=False):
+    async def launch_shard(self, gateway: str, shard_id: int, *, initial: bool = False) -> None:
         try:
             coro = DiscordWebSocket.from_client(self, initial=initial, gateway=gateway, shard_id=shard_id)
             ws = await asyncio.wait_for(coro, timeout=180.0)
         except Exception:
-            log.exception('Failed to connect for shard_id: %s. Retrying...', shard_id)
+            _log.exception("Failed to connect for shard_id: %s. Retrying...", shard_id)
             await asyncio.sleep(5.0)
             return await self.launch_shard(gateway, shard_id)
 
@@ -372,7 +401,7 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
         self.__shards[shard_id] = ret = Shard(ws, self, self.__queue.put_nowait)
         ret.launch()
 
-    async def launch_shards(self):
+    async def launch_shards(self) -> None:
         if self.shard_count is None:
             self.shard_count, gateway = await self.http.get_bot_gateway()
         else:
@@ -389,7 +418,7 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
 
         self._connection.shards_launched.set()
 
-    async def connect(self, *, reconnect=True):
+    async def connect(self, *, reconnect: bool = True) -> None:
         self._reconnect = reconnect
         await self.launch_shards()
 
@@ -413,7 +442,7 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
             elif item.type == EventType.clean_close:
                 return
 
-    async def close(self):
+    async def close(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Closes the connection to Discord.
@@ -425,7 +454,7 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
 
         for vc in self.voice_clients:
             try:
-                await vc.disconnect()
+                await vc.disconnect(force=True)
             except Exception:
                 pass
 
@@ -436,7 +465,13 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
         await self.http.close()
         self.__queue.put_nowait(EventItem(EventType.clean_close, None, None))
 
-    async def change_presence(self, *, activity=None, status=None, afk=False, shard_id=None):
+    async def change_presence(
+        self,
+        *,
+        activity: Optional[BaseActivity] = None,
+        status: Optional[Status] = None,
+        shard_id: int = None,
+    ) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Changes the client's presence.
@@ -446,6 +481,9 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
             game = discord.Game("with the API")
             await client.change_presence(status=discord.Status.idle, activity=game)
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            Removed the ``afk`` keyword-only parameter.
+
         Parameters
         ----------
         activity: Optional[:class:`BaseActivity`]
@@ -453,10 +491,6 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
         status: Optional[:class:`Status`]
             Indicates what status to change to. If ``None``, then
             :attr:`Status.online` is used.
-        afk: :class:`bool`
-            Indicates if you are going AFK. This allows the discord
-            client to know how to handle push notifications better
-            for you in case you are actually idle and not lying.
         shard_id: Optional[:class:`int`]
             The shard_id to change the presence to. If not specified
             or ``None``, then it will change the presence of every
@@ -469,23 +503,23 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
         """
 
         if status is None:
-            status = 'online'
+            status_value = "online"
             status_enum = Status.online
         elif status is Status.offline:
-            status = 'invisible'
+            status_value = "invisible"
             status_enum = Status.offline
         else:
             status_enum = status
-            status = str(status)
+            status_value = str(status)
 
         if shard_id is None:
             for shard in self.__shards.values():
-                await shard.ws.change_presence(activity=activity, status=status, afk=afk)
+                await shard.ws.change_presence(activity=activity, status=status_value)
 
             guilds = self._connection.guilds
         else:
             shard = self.__shards[shard_id]
-            await shard.ws.change_presence(activity=activity, status=status, afk=afk)
+            await shard.ws.change_presence(activity=activity, status=status_value)
             guilds = [g for g in self._connection.guilds if g.shard_id == shard_id]
 
         activities = () if activity is None else (activity,)
@@ -494,10 +528,11 @@ class AutoShardedClient(Client):
             if me is None:
                 continue
 
-            me.activities = activities
+            # Member.activities is typehinted as Tuple[ActivityType, ...], we may be setting it as Tuple[BaseActivity, ...]
+            me.activities = activities  # type: ignore
             me.status = status_enum
 
-    def is_ws_ratelimited(self):
+    def is_ws_ratelimited(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: Whether the websocket is currently rate limited.
 
         This can be useful to know when deciding whether you should query members

discord/stage_instance.py

@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ from .mixins import Hashable
 from .errors import InvalidArgument
 from .enums import StagePrivacyLevel, try_enum
 
-__all__ = (
-    'StageInstance',
-)
+__all__ = ("StageInstance",)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .types.channel import StageInstance as StageInstancePayload
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ class StageInstance(Hashable):
 
         .. describe:: x == y
 
-            Checks if two stagea instances are equal.
+            Checks if two stage instances are equal.
 
         .. describe:: x != y
 
@@ -61,6 +59,10 @@ class StageInstance(Hashable):
 
             Returns the stage instance's hash.
 
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the stage instance's ID.
+
     Attributes
     -----------
     id: :class:`int`
@@ -74,18 +76,18 @@ class StageInstance(Hashable):
     privacy_level: :class:`StagePrivacyLevel`
         The privacy level of the stage instance.
     discoverable_disabled: :class:`bool`
-        Whether the stage instance is discoverable.
+        Whether discoverability for the stage instance is disabled.
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        '_state',
-        'id',
-        'guild',
-        'channel_id',
-        'topic',
-        'privacy_level',
-        'discoverable_disabled',
-        '_cs_channel',
+        "_state",
+        "id",
+        "guild",
+        "channel_id",
+        "topic",
+        "privacy_level",
+        "discoverable_disabled",
+        "_cs_channel",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, guild: Guild, data: StageInstancePayload) -> None:
@@ -94,24 +96,27 @@ class StageInstance(Hashable):
         self._update(data)
 
     def _update(self, data: StageInstancePayload):
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
-        self.channel_id: int = int(data['channel_id'])
-        self.topic: str = data['topic']
-        self.privacy_level = try_enum(StagePrivacyLevel, data['privacy_level'])
-        self.discoverable_disabled = data['discoverable_disabled']
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.channel_id: int = int(data["channel_id"])
+        self.topic: str = data["topic"]
+        self.privacy_level: StagePrivacyLevel = try_enum(StagePrivacyLevel, data["privacy_level"])
+        self.discoverable_disabled: bool = data.get("discoverable_disabled", False)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<StageInstance id={self.id} guild={self.guild!r} channel_id={self.channel_id} topic={self.topic!r}>'
+        return f"<StageInstance id={self.id} guild={self.guild!r} channel_id={self.channel_id} topic={self.topic!r}>"
 
-    @cached_slot_property('_cs_channel')
+    @cached_slot_property("_cs_channel")
     def channel(self) -> Optional[StageChannel]:
-        """Optional[:class:`StageChannel`: The guild that stage instance is running in."""
-        return self._state.get_channel(self.channel_id)
+        """Optional[:class:`StageChannel`]: The channel that stage instance is running in."""
+        # the returned channel will always be a StageChannel or None
+        return self._state.get_channel(self.channel_id)  # type: ignore
 
     def is_public(self) -> bool:
         return self.privacy_level is StagePrivacyLevel.public
 
-    async def edit(self, *, topic: str = MISSING, privacy_level: StagePrivacyLevel = MISSING) -> None:
+    async def edit(
+        self, *, topic: str = MISSING, privacy_level: StagePrivacyLevel = MISSING, reason: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Edits the stage instance.
@@ -125,6 +130,8 @@ class StageInstance(Hashable):
             The stage instance's new topic.
         privacy_level: :class:`StagePrivacyLevel`
             The stage instance's new privacy level.
+        reason: :class:`str`
+            The reason the stage instance was edited. Shows up on the audit log.
 
         Raises
         ------
@@ -139,18 +146,18 @@ class StageInstance(Hashable):
         payload = {}
 
         if topic is not MISSING:
-            payload['topic'] = topic
+            payload["topic"] = topic
 
         if privacy_level is not MISSING:
             if not isinstance(privacy_level, StagePrivacyLevel):
-                raise InvalidArgument('privacy_level field must be of type PrivacyLevel')
+                raise InvalidArgument("privacy_level field must be of type PrivacyLevel")
 
-            payload['privacy_level'] = privacy_level.value
+            payload["privacy_level"] = privacy_level.value
 
         if payload:
-            await self._state.http.edit_stage_instance(self.channel_id, **payload)
+            await self._state.http.edit_stage_instance(self.channel_id, **payload, reason=reason)
 
-    async def delete(self) -> None:
+    async def delete(self, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Deletes the stage instance.
@@ -158,6 +165,11 @@ class StageInstance(Hashable):
         You must have the :attr:`~Permissions.manage_channels` permission to
         use this.
 
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        reason: :class:`str`
+            The reason the stage instance was deleted. Shows up on the audit log.
+
         Raises
         ------
         Forbidden
@@ -165,4 +177,4 @@ class StageInstance(Hashable):
         HTTPException
             Deleting the stage instance failed.
         """
-        await self._state.http.delete_stage_instance(self.channel_id)
+        await self._state.http.delete_stage_instance(self.channel_id, reason=reason)

discord/sticker.py

@@ -23,24 +23,226 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional
+from typing import Literal, TYPE_CHECKING, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
+import unicodedata
 
 from .mixins import Hashable
-from .asset import Asset
-from .utils import snowflake_time
-from .enums import StickerType, try_enum
+from .asset import Asset, AssetMixin
+from .utils import cached_slot_property, find, snowflake_time, get, MISSING
+from .errors import InvalidData
+from .enums import StickerType, StickerFormatType, try_enum
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Sticker',
+    "StickerPack",
+    "StickerItem",
+    "Sticker",
+    "StandardSticker",
+    "GuildSticker",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import datetime
     from .state import ConnectionState
-    from .types.message import Sticker as StickerPayload
+    from .user import User
+    from .guild import Guild
+    from .types.sticker import (
+        StickerPack as StickerPackPayload,
+        StickerItem as StickerItemPayload,
+        Sticker as StickerPayload,
+        StandardSticker as StandardStickerPayload,
+        GuildSticker as GuildStickerPayload,
+        ListPremiumStickerPacks as ListPremiumStickerPacksPayload,
+        EditGuildSticker,
+    )
 
 
-class Sticker(Hashable):
+class StickerPack(Hashable):
+    """Represents a sticker pack.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. container:: operations
+
+        .. describe:: str(x)
+
+            Returns the name of the sticker pack.
+
+        .. describe:: hash(x)
+
+            Returns the hash of the sticker pack.
+
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the ID of the sticker pack.
+
+        .. describe:: x == y
+
+           Checks if the sticker pack is equal to another sticker pack.
+
+        .. describe:: x != y
+
+           Checks if the sticker pack is not equal to another sticker pack.
+
+    Attributes
+    -----------
+    name: :class:`str`
+        The name of the sticker pack.
+    description: :class:`str`
+        The description of the sticker pack.
+    id: :class:`int`
+        The id of the sticker pack.
+    stickers: List[:class:`StandardSticker`]
+        The stickers of this sticker pack.
+    sku_id: :class:`int`
+        The SKU ID of the sticker pack.
+    cover_sticker_id: :class:`int`
+         The ID of the sticker used for the cover of the sticker pack.
+    cover_sticker: :class:`StandardSticker`
+        The sticker used for the cover of the sticker pack.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "_state",
+        "id",
+        "stickers",
+        "name",
+        "sku_id",
+        "cover_sticker_id",
+        "cover_sticker",
+        "description",
+        "_banner",
+    )
+
+    def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: StickerPackPayload) -> None:
+        self._state: ConnectionState = state
+        self._from_data(data)
+
+    def _from_data(self, data: StickerPackPayload) -> None:
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        stickers = data["stickers"]
+        self.stickers: List[StandardSticker] = [
+            StandardSticker(state=self._state, data=sticker) for sticker in stickers
+        ]
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.sku_id: int = int(data["sku_id"])
+        self.cover_sticker_id: int = int(data["cover_sticker_id"])
+        self.cover_sticker: StandardSticker = get(self.stickers, id=self.cover_sticker_id)  # type: ignore
+        self.description: str = data["description"]
+        self._banner: int = int(data["banner_asset_id"])
+
+    @property
+    def banner(self) -> Asset:
+        """:class:`Asset`: The banner asset of the sticker pack."""
+        return Asset._from_sticker_banner(self._state, self._banner)
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<StickerPack id={self.id} name={self.name!r} description={self.description!r}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+
+class _StickerTag(Hashable, AssetMixin):
+    __slots__ = ()
+
+    id: int
+    format: StickerFormatType
+
+    async def read(self) -> bytes:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Retrieves the content of this sticker as a :class:`bytes` object.
+
+        .. note::
+
+            Stickers that use the :attr:`StickerFormatType.lottie` format cannot be read.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        HTTPException
+            Downloading the asset failed.
+        NotFound
+            The asset was deleted.
+        TypeError
+            The sticker is a lottie type.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        :class:`bytes`
+            The content of the asset.
+        """
+        if self.format is StickerFormatType.lottie:
+            raise TypeError('Cannot read stickers of format "lottie".')
+        return await super().read()
+
+
+class StickerItem(_StickerTag):
+    """Represents a sticker item.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. container:: operations
+
+        .. describe:: str(x)
+
+            Returns the name of the sticker item.
+
+        .. describe:: x == y
+
+           Checks if the sticker item is equal to another sticker item.
+
+        .. describe:: x != y
+
+           Checks if the sticker item is not equal to another sticker item.
+
+    Attributes
+    -----------
+    name: :class:`str`
+        The sticker's name.
+    id: :class:`int`
+        The id of the sticker.
+    format: :class:`StickerFormatType`
+        The format for the sticker's image.
+    url: :class:`str`
+        The URL for the sticker's image.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("_state", "name", "id", "format", "url")
+
+    def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: StickerItemPayload):
+        self._state: ConnectionState = state
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.format: StickerFormatType = try_enum(StickerFormatType, data["format_type"])
+        self.url: str = f"{Asset.BASE}/stickers/{self.id}.{self.format.file_extension}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<StickerItem id={self.id} name={self.name!r} format={self.format}>"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+    async def fetch(self) -> Union[Sticker, StandardSticker, GuildSticker]:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Attempts to retrieve the full sticker data of the sticker item.
+
+        Raises
+        --------
+        HTTPException
+            Retrieving the sticker failed.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        Union[:class:`StandardSticker`, :class:`GuildSticker`]
+            The retrieved sticker.
+        """
+        data: StickerPayload = await self._state.http.get_sticker(self.id)
+        cls, _ = _sticker_factory(data["type"])  # type: ignore
+        return cls(state=self._state, data=data)
+
+
+class Sticker(_StickerTag):
     """Represents a sticker.
 
     .. versionadded:: 1.6
@@ -69,30 +271,27 @@ class Sticker(Hashable):
         The description of the sticker.
     pack_id: :class:`int`
         The id of the sticker's pack.
-    format: :class:`StickerType`
+    format: :class:`StickerFormatType`
         The format for the sticker's image.
-    tags: List[:class:`str`]
-        A list of tags for the sticker.
+    url: :class:`str`
+        The URL for the sticker's image.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_state', 'id', 'name', 'description', 'pack_id', 'format', '_image', 'tags')
+    __slots__ = ("_state", "id", "name", "description", "format", "url")
 
-    def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: StickerPayload):
+    def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: StickerPayload) -> None:
         self._state: ConnectionState = state
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self.description: str = data['description']
-        self.pack_id: int = int(data['pack_id'])
-        self.format: StickerType = try_enum(StickerType, data['format_type'])
-        self._image: str = data['asset']
+        self._from_data(data)
 
-        try:
-            self.tags: List[str] = [tag.strip() for tag in data['tags'].split(',')]
-        except KeyError:
-            self.tags = []
+    def _from_data(self, data: StickerPayload) -> None:
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.description: str = data["description"]
+        self.format: StickerFormatType = try_enum(StickerFormatType, data["format_type"])
+        self.url: str = f"{Asset.BASE}/stickers/{self.id}.{self.format.file_extension}"
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r}>'
+        return f"<Sticker id={self.id} name={self.name!r}>"
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.name
@@ -102,19 +301,235 @@ class Sticker(Hashable):
         """:class:`datetime.datetime`: Returns the sticker's creation time in UTC."""
         return snowflake_time(self.id)
 
-    @property
-    def image(self) -> Optional[Asset]:
-        """Returns an :class:`Asset` for the sticker's image.
 
-        .. note::
-            This will return ``None`` if the format is ``StickerType.lottie``.
+class StandardSticker(Sticker):
+    """Represents a sticker that is found in a standard sticker pack.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. container:: operations
+
+        .. describe:: str(x)
+
+            Returns the name of the sticker.
+
+        .. describe:: x == y
+
+           Checks if the sticker is equal to another sticker.
+
+        .. describe:: x != y
+
+           Checks if the sticker is not equal to another sticker.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    name: :class:`str`
+        The sticker's name.
+    id: :class:`int`
+        The id of the sticker.
+    description: :class:`str`
+        The description of the sticker.
+    pack_id: :class:`int`
+        The id of the sticker's pack.
+    format: :class:`StickerFormatType`
+        The format for the sticker's image.
+    tags: List[:class:`str`]
+        A list of tags for the sticker.
+    sort_value: :class:`int`
+        The sticker's sort order within its pack.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("sort_value", "pack_id", "type", "tags")
+
+    def _from_data(self, data: StandardStickerPayload) -> None:
+        super()._from_data(data)
+        self.sort_value: int = data["sort_value"]
+        self.pack_id: int = int(data["pack_id"])
+        self.type: StickerType = StickerType.standard
+
+        try:
+            self.tags: List[str] = [tag.strip() for tag in data["tags"].split(",")]
+        except KeyError:
+            self.tags = []
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<StandardSticker id={self.id} name={self.name!r} pack_id={self.pack_id}>"
+
+    async def pack(self) -> StickerPack:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Retrieves the sticker pack that this sticker belongs to.
+
+        Raises
+        --------
+        InvalidData
+            The corresponding sticker pack was not found.
+        HTTPException
+            Retrieving the sticker pack failed.
 
         Returns
-        -------
-        Optional[:class:`Asset`]
-            The resulting CDN asset.
+        --------
+        :class:`StickerPack`
+            The retrieved sticker pack.
         """
-        if self.format is StickerType.lottie:
-            return None
+        data: ListPremiumStickerPacksPayload = await self._state.http.list_premium_sticker_packs()
+        packs = data["sticker_packs"]
+        pack = find(lambda d: int(d["id"]) == self.pack_id, packs)
 
-        return Asset._from_sticker(self._state, self.id, self._image)
+        if pack:
+            return StickerPack(state=self._state, data=pack)
+        raise InvalidData(f"Could not find corresponding sticker pack for {self!r}")
+
+
+class GuildSticker(Sticker):
+    """Represents a sticker that belongs to a guild.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. container:: operations
+
+        .. describe:: str(x)
+
+            Returns the name of the sticker.
+
+        .. describe:: x == y
+
+           Checks if the sticker is equal to another sticker.
+
+        .. describe:: x != y
+
+           Checks if the sticker is not equal to another sticker.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    name: :class:`str`
+        The sticker's name.
+    id: :class:`int`
+        The id of the sticker.
+    description: :class:`str`
+        The description of the sticker.
+    format: :class:`StickerFormatType`
+        The format for the sticker's image.
+    available: :class:`bool`
+        Whether this sticker is available for use.
+    guild_id: :class:`int`
+        The ID of the guild that this sticker is from.
+    user: Optional[:class:`User`]
+        The user that created this sticker. This can only be retrieved using :meth:`Guild.fetch_sticker` and
+        having the :attr:`~Permissions.manage_emojis_and_stickers` permission.
+    emoji: :class:`str`
+        The name of a unicode emoji that represents this sticker.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ("available", "guild_id", "user", "emoji", "type", "_cs_guild")
+
+    def _from_data(self, data: GuildStickerPayload) -> None:
+        super()._from_data(data)
+        self.available: bool = data["available"]
+        self.guild_id: int = int(data["guild_id"])
+        user = data.get("user")
+        self.user: Optional[User] = self._state.store_user(user) if user else None
+        self.emoji: str = data["tags"]
+        self.type: StickerType = StickerType.guild
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<GuildSticker name={self.name!r} id={self.id} guild_id={self.guild_id} user={self.user!r}>"
+
+    @cached_slot_property("_cs_guild")
+    def guild(self) -> Optional[Guild]:
+        """Optional[:class:`Guild`]: The guild that this sticker is from.
+        Could be ``None`` if the bot is not in the guild.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return self._state._get_guild(self.guild_id)
+
+    async def edit(
+        self,
+        *,
+        name: str = MISSING,
+        description: str = MISSING,
+        emoji: str = MISSING,
+        reason: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> GuildSticker:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Edits a :class:`GuildSticker` for the guild.
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        name: :class:`str`
+            The sticker's new name. Must be at least 2 characters.
+        description: Optional[:class:`str`]
+            The sticker's new description. Can be ``None``.
+        emoji: :class:`str`
+            The name of a unicode emoji that represents the sticker's expression.
+        reason: :class:`str`
+            The reason for editing this sticker. Shows up on the audit log.
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        Forbidden
+            You are not allowed to edit stickers.
+        HTTPException
+            An error occurred editing the sticker.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`GuildSticker`
+            The newly modified sticker.
+        """
+        payload: EditGuildSticker = {}
+
+        if name is not MISSING:
+            payload["name"] = name
+
+        if description is not MISSING:
+            payload["description"] = description
+
+        if emoji is not MISSING:
+            try:
+                emoji = unicodedata.name(emoji)
+            except TypeError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                emoji = emoji.replace(" ", "_")
+
+            payload["tags"] = emoji
+
+        data: GuildStickerPayload = await self._state.http.modify_guild_sticker(self.guild_id, self.id, payload, reason)
+        return GuildSticker(state=self._state, data=data)
+
+    async def delete(self, *, reason: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Deletes the custom :class:`Sticker` from the guild.
+
+        You must have :attr:`~Permissions.manage_emojis_and_stickers` permission to
+        do this.
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        reason: Optional[:class:`str`]
+            The reason for deleting this sticker. Shows up on the audit log.
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        Forbidden
+            You are not allowed to delete stickers.
+        HTTPException
+            An error occurred deleting the sticker.
+        """
+        await self._state.http.delete_guild_sticker(self.guild_id, self.id, reason)
+
+
+def _sticker_factory(
+    sticker_type: Literal[1, 2]
+) -> Tuple[Type[Union[StandardSticker, GuildSticker, Sticker]], StickerType]:
+    value = try_enum(StickerType, sticker_type)
+    if value == StickerType.standard:
+        return StandardSticker, value
+    elif value == StickerType.guild:
+        return GuildSticker, value
+    else:
+        return Sticker, value

discord/team.py

@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     )
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Team',
-    'TeamMember',
+    "Team",
+    "TeamMember",
 )
 
 
@@ -62,26 +62,26 @@ class Team:
         .. versionadded:: 1.3
     """
 
-    __slots__ = ('_state', 'id', 'name', '_icon', 'owner_id', 'members')
+    __slots__ = ("_state", "id", "name", "_icon", "owner_id", "members")
 
     def __init__(self, state: ConnectionState, data: TeamPayload):
         self._state: ConnectionState = state
 
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self._icon: Optional[str] = data['icon']
-        self.owner_id: Optional[int] = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, 'owner_user_id')
-        self.members: List[TeamMember] = [TeamMember(self, self._state, member) for member in data['members']]
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self._icon: Optional[str] = data["icon"]
+        self.owner_id: Optional[int] = utils._get_as_snowflake(data, "owner_user_id")
+        self.members: List[TeamMember] = [TeamMember(self, self._state, member) for member in data["members"]]
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name}>'
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name}>"
 
     @property
     def icon(self) -> Optional[Asset]:
         """Optional[:class:`.Asset`]: Retrieves the team's icon asset, if any."""
         if self._icon is None:
             return None
-        return Asset._from_icon(self._state, self.id, self._icon, path='team')
+        return Asset._from_icon(self._state, self.id, self._icon, path="team")
 
     @property
     def owner(self) -> Optional[TeamMember]:
@@ -130,16 +130,16 @@ class TeamMember(BaseUser):
         The membership state of the member (e.g. invited or accepted)
     """
 
-    __slots__ = BaseUser.__slots__ + ('team', 'membership_state', 'permissions')
+    __slots__ = ("team", "membership_state", "permissions")
 
     def __init__(self, team: Team, state: ConnectionState, data: TeamMemberPayload):
         self.team: Team = team
-        self.membership_state: TeamMembershipState = try_enum(TeamMembershipState, data['membership_state'])
-        self.permissions: List[str] = data['permissions']
-        super().__init__(state=state, data=data['user'])
+        self.membership_state: TeamMembershipState = try_enum(TeamMembershipState, data["membership_state"])
+        self.permissions: List[str] = data["permissions"]
+        super().__init__(state=state, data=data["user"])
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r} '
-            f'discriminator={self.discriminator!r} membership_state={self.membership_state!r}>'
+            f"<{self.__class__.__name__} id={self.id} name={self.name!r} "
+            f"discriminator={self.discriminator!r} membership_state={self.membership_state!r}>"
         )

discord/template.py

@@ -24,24 +24,25 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Any, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, overload
-from .utils import parse_time, _get_as_snowflake, _bytes_to_base64_data
+from typing import Any, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+from .utils import parse_time, _get_as_snowflake, _bytes_to_base64_data, MISSING
 from .enums import VoiceRegion
 from .guild import Guild
 
-__all__ = (
-    'Template',
-)
+__all__ = ("Template",)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import datetime
     from .types.template import Template as TemplatePayload
+    from .state import ConnectionState
+    from .user import User
 
 
 class _FriendlyHttpAttributeErrorHelper:
     __slots__ = ()
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
-        raise AttributeError('PartialTemplateState does not support http methods.')
+        raise AttributeError("PartialTemplateState does not support http methods.")
 
 
 class _PartialTemplateState:
@@ -74,11 +75,14 @@ class _PartialTemplateState:
     def _get_message(self, id):
         return None
 
-    async def query_members(self, **kwargs):
+    def _get_guild(self, id):
+        return self.__state._get_guild(id)
+
+    async def query_members(self, **kwargs: Any):
         return []
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
-        raise AttributeError(f'PartialTemplateState does not support {attr!r}.')
+        raise AttributeError(f"PartialTemplateState does not support {attr!r}.")
 
 
 class Template:
@@ -112,53 +116,55 @@ class Template:
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'code',
-        'uses',
-        'name',
-        'description',
-        'creator',
-        'created_at',
-        'updated_at',
-        'source_guild',
-        'is_dirty',
-        '_state',
+        "code",
+        "uses",
+        "name",
+        "description",
+        "creator",
+        "created_at",
+        "updated_at",
+        "source_guild",
+        "is_dirty",
+        "_state",
     )
 
-    def __init__(self, *, state, data: TemplatePayload):
+    def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: TemplatePayload) -> None:
         self._state = state
         self._store(data)
 
-    def _store(self, data: TemplatePayload):
-        self.code = data['code']
-        self.uses = data['usage_count']
-        self.name = data['name']
-        self.description = data['description']
-        creator_data = data.get('creator')
-        self.creator = None if creator_data is None else self._state.store_user(creator_data)
+    def _store(self, data: TemplatePayload) -> None:
+        self.code: str = data["code"]
+        self.uses: int = data["usage_count"]
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.description: Optional[str] = data["description"]
+        creator_data = data.get("creator")
+        self.creator: Optional[User] = None if creator_data is None else self._state.create_user(creator_data)
 
-        self.created_at = parse_time(data.get('created_at'))
-        self.updated_at = parse_time(data.get('updated_at'))
+        self.created_at: Optional[datetime.datetime] = parse_time(data.get("created_at"))
+        self.updated_at: Optional[datetime.datetime] = parse_time(data.get("updated_at"))
 
-        id = _get_as_snowflake(data, 'source_guild_id')
+        guild_id = int(data["source_guild_id"])
+        guild: Optional[Guild] = self._state._get_guild(guild_id)
 
-        guild = self._state._get_guild(id)
-
-        if guild is None and id:
-            source_serialised = data['serialized_source_guild']
-            source_serialised['id'] = id
+        self.source_guild: Guild
+        if guild is None:
+            source_serialised = data["serialized_source_guild"]
+            source_serialised["id"] = guild_id
             state = _PartialTemplateState(state=self._state)
-            guild = Guild(data=source_serialised, state=state)
+            # Guild expects a ConnectionState, we're passing a _PartialTemplateState
+            self.source_guild = Guild(data=source_serialised, state=state)  # type: ignore
+        else:
+            self.source_guild = guild
 
-        self.source_guild = guild
-        self.is_dirty = data.get('is_dirty', None)
+        self.is_dirty: Optional[bool] = data.get("is_dirty", None)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'<Template code={self.code!r} uses={self.uses} name={self.name!r}'
-            f' creator={self.creator!r} source_guild={self.source_guild!r} is_dirty={self.is_dirty}>'
+            f"<Template code={self.code!r} uses={self.uses} name={self.name!r}"
+            f" creator={self.creator!r} source_guild={self.source_guild!r} is_dirty={self.is_dirty}>"
         )
 
-    async def create_guild(self, name: str, region: Optional[VoiceRegion] = None, icon: Any = None):
+    async def create_guild(self, name: str, region: Optional[VoiceRegion] = None, icon: Any = None) -> Guild:
         """|coro|
 
         Creates a :class:`.Guild` using the template.
@@ -198,7 +204,7 @@ class Template:
         data = await self._state.http.create_from_template(self.code, name, region_value, icon)
         return Guild(data=data, state=self._state)
 
-    async def sync(self) -> None:
+    async def sync(self) -> Template:
         """|coro|
 
         Sync the template to the guild's current state.
@@ -208,6 +214,9 @@ class Template:
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.7
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The template is no longer edited in-place, instead it is returned.
+
         Raises
         -------
         HTTPException
@@ -216,25 +225,22 @@ class Template:
             You don't have permissions to edit the template.
         NotFound
             This template does not exist.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Template`
+            The newly edited template.
         """
 
         data = await self._state.http.sync_template(self.source_guild.id, self.code)
-        self._store(data)
+        return Template(state=self._state, data=data)
 
-    @overload
     async def edit(
         self,
         *,
-        name: Optional[str] = ...,
-        description: Optional[str] = ...,
-    ) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    @overload
-    async def edit(self) -> None:
-        ...
-
-    async def edit(self, **kwargs) -> None:
+        name: str = MISSING,
+        description: Optional[str] = MISSING,
+    ) -> Template:
         """|coro|
 
         Edit the template metadata.
@@ -244,12 +250,15 @@ class Template:
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.7
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The template is no longer edited in-place, instead it is returned.
+
         Parameters
         ------------
-        name: Optional[:class:`str`]
+        name: :class:`str`
             The template's new name.
         description: Optional[:class:`str`]
-            The template's description.
+            The template's new description.
 
         Raises
         -------
@@ -259,9 +268,21 @@ class Template:
             You don't have permissions to edit the template.
         NotFound
             This template does not exist.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Template`
+            The newly edited template.
         """
-        data = await self._state.http.edit_template(self.source_guild.id, self.code, kwargs)
-        self._store(data)
+        payload = {}
+
+        if name is not MISSING:
+            payload["name"] = name
+        if description is not MISSING:
+            payload["description"] = description
+
+        data = await self._state.http.edit_template(self.source_guild.id, self.code, payload)
+        return Template(state=self._state, data=data)
 
     async def delete(self) -> None:
         """|coro|
@@ -287,7 +308,7 @@ class Template:
     @property
     def url(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The template url.
-        
+
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
         """
-        return f'https://discord.new/{self.code}'
+        return f"https://discord.new/{self.code}"

discord/threads.py

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 from typing import Callable, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Union, TYPE_CHECKING
 import time
 import asyncio
@@ -34,8 +35,8 @@ from .errors import ClientException
 from .utils import MISSING, parse_time, _get_as_snowflake
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Thread',
-    'ThreadMember',
+    "Thread",
+    "ThreadMember",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -45,10 +46,11 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
         ThreadMetadata,
         ThreadArchiveDuration,
     )
+    from .types.snowflake import SnowflakeList
     from .guild import Guild
-    from .channel import TextChannel
+    from .channel import TextChannel, CategoryChannel
     from .member import Member
-    from .message import Message
+    from .message import Message, PartialMessage
     from .abc import Snowflake, SnowflakeTime
     from .role import Role
     from .permissions import Permissions
@@ -72,6 +74,10 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
 
             Returns the thread's hash.
 
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the thread's ID.
+
         .. describe:: str(x)
 
             Returns the thread's name.
@@ -109,6 +115,9 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
         Whether the thread is archived.
     locked: :class:`bool`
         Whether the thread is locked.
+    invitable: :class:`bool`
+        Whether non-moderators can add other non-moderators to this thread.
+        This is always ``True`` for public threads.
     archiver_id: Optional[:class:`int`]
         The user's ID that archived this thread.
     auto_archive_duration: :class:`int`
@@ -119,28 +128,29 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'name',
-        'id',
-        'guild',
-        '_type',
-        '_state',
-        '_members',
-        'owner_id',
-        'parent_id',
-        'last_message_id',
-        'message_count',
-        'member_count',
-        'slowmode_delay',
-        'me',
-        'locked',
-        'archived',
-        'archiver_id',
-        'auto_archive_duration',
-        'archive_timestamp',
+        "name",
+        "id",
+        "guild",
+        "_type",
+        "_state",
+        "_members",
+        "owner_id",
+        "parent_id",
+        "last_message_id",
+        "message_count",
+        "member_count",
+        "slowmode_delay",
+        "me",
+        "locked",
+        "archived",
+        "invitable",
+        "archiver_id",
+        "auto_archive_duration",
+        "archive_timestamp",
     )
 
-    def __init__(self, *, guild: Guild, data: ThreadPayload):
-        self._state: ConnectionState = guild._state
+    def __init__(self, *, guild: Guild, state: ConnectionState, data: ThreadPayload):
+        self._state: ConnectionState = state
         self.guild = guild
         self._members: Dict[int, ThreadMember] = {}
         self._from_data(data)
@@ -150,58 +160,83 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'<Thread id={self.id!r} name={self.name!r} parent={self.parent}'
-            f' owner_id={self.owner_id!r} locked={self.locked} archived={self.archived}>'
+            f"<Thread id={self.id!r} name={self.name!r} parent={self.parent}"
+            f" owner_id={self.owner_id!r} locked={self.locked} archived={self.archived}>"
         )
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.name
 
     def _from_data(self, data: ThreadPayload):
-        self.id = int(data['id'])
-        self.parent_id = int(data['parent_id'])
-        self.owner_id = int(data['owner_id'])
-        self.name = data['name']
-        self._type = try_enum(ChannelType, data['type'])
-        self.last_message_id = _get_as_snowflake(data, 'last_message_id')
-        self.slowmode_delay = data.get('rate_limit_per_user', 0)
-        self._unroll_metadata(data['thread_metadata'])
+        self.id = int(data["id"])
+        self.parent_id = int(data["parent_id"])
+        self.owner_id = int(data["owner_id"])
+        self.name = data["name"]
+        self._type = try_enum(ChannelType, data["type"])
+        self.last_message_id = _get_as_snowflake(data, "last_message_id")
+        self.slowmode_delay = data.get("rate_limit_per_user", 0)
+        self.message_count = data["message_count"]
+        self.member_count = data["member_count"]
+        self._unroll_metadata(data["thread_metadata"])
 
         try:
-            member = data['member']
+            member = data["member"]
         except KeyError:
             self.me = None
         else:
             self.me = ThreadMember(self, member)
 
     def _unroll_metadata(self, data: ThreadMetadata):
-        self.archived = data['archived']
-        self.archiver_id = _get_as_snowflake(data, 'archiver_id')
-        self.auto_archive_duration = data['auto_archive_duration']
-        self.archive_timestamp = parse_time(data['archive_timestamp'])
-        self.locked = data.get('locked', False)
+        self.archived = data["archived"]
+        self.archiver_id = _get_as_snowflake(data, "archiver_id")
+        self.auto_archive_duration = data["auto_archive_duration"]
+        self.archive_timestamp = parse_time(data["archive_timestamp"])
+        self.locked = data.get("locked", False)
+        self.invitable = data.get("invitable", True)
 
     def _update(self, data):
         try:
-            self.name = data['name']
+            self.name = data["name"]
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
+        self.slowmode_delay = data.get("rate_limit_per_user", 0)
+
         try:
-            self._unroll_metadata(data['thread_metadata'])
+            self._unroll_metadata(data["thread_metadata"])
         except KeyError:
             pass
 
+    @property
+    def type(self) -> ChannelType:
+        """:class:`ChannelType`: The channel's Discord type."""
+        return self._type
+
     @property
     def parent(self) -> Optional[TextChannel]:
         """Optional[:class:`TextChannel`]: The parent channel this thread belongs to."""
-        return self.guild.get_channel(self.parent_id)
+        return self.guild.get_channel(self.parent_id)  # type: ignore
 
     @property
     def owner(self) -> Optional[Member]:
         """Optional[:class:`Member`]: The member this thread belongs to."""
         return self.guild.get_member(self.owner_id)
 
+    @property
+    def mention(self) -> str:
+        """:class:`str`: The string that allows you to mention the thread."""
+        return f"<#{self.id}>"
+
+    @property
+    def members(self) -> List[ThreadMember]:
+        """List[:class:`ThreadMember`]: A list of thread members in this thread.
+
+        This requires :attr:`Intents.members` to be properly filled. Most of the time however,
+        this data is not provided by the gateway and a call to :meth:`fetch_members` is
+        needed.
+        """
+        return list(self._members.values())
+
     @property
     def last_message(self) -> Optional[Message]:
         """Fetches the last message from this channel in cache.
@@ -223,6 +258,26 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
         """
         return self._state._get_message(self.last_message_id) if self.last_message_id else None
 
+    @property
+    def category(self) -> Optional[CategoryChannel]:
+        """The category channel the parent channel belongs to, if applicable.
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        ClientException
+            The parent channel was not cached and returned ``None``.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Optional[:class:`CategoryChannel`]
+            The parent channel's category.
+        """
+
+        parent = self.parent
+        if parent is None:
+            raise ClientException("Parent channel not found")
+        return parent.category
+
     @property
     def category_id(self) -> Optional[int]:
         """The category channel ID the parent channel belongs to, if applicable.
@@ -240,7 +295,7 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
 
         parent = self.parent
         if parent is None:
-            raise ClientException('Parent channel not found')
+            raise ClientException("Parent channel not found")
         return parent.category_id
 
     def is_private(self) -> bool:
@@ -259,6 +314,15 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
         """
         return self._type is ChannelType.news_thread
 
+    def is_nsfw(self) -> bool:
+        """:class:`bool`: Whether the thread is NSFW or not.
+
+        An NSFW thread is a thread that has a parent that is an NSFW channel,
+        i.e. :meth:`.TextChannel.is_nsfw` is ``True``.
+        """
+        parent = self.parent
+        return parent is not None and parent.is_nsfw()
+
     def permissions_for(self, obj: Union[Member, Role], /) -> Permissions:
         """Handles permission resolution for the :class:`~discord.Member`
         or :class:`~discord.Role`.
@@ -288,7 +352,7 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
 
         parent = self.parent
         if parent is None:
-            raise ClientException('Parent channel not found')
+            raise ClientException("Parent channel not found")
         return parent.permissions_for(obj)
 
     async def delete_messages(self, messages: Iterable[Snowflake]) -> None:
@@ -338,15 +402,15 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
             return
 
         if len(messages) > 100:
-            raise ClientException('Can only bulk delete messages up to 100 messages')
+            raise ClientException("Can only bulk delete messages up to 100 messages")
 
-        message_ids = [m.id for m in messages]
+        message_ids: SnowflakeList = [m.id for m in messages]
         await self._state.http.delete_messages(self.id, message_ids)
 
     async def purge(
         self,
         *,
-        limit: int = 100,
+        limit: Optional[int] = 100,
         check: Callable[[Message], bool] = MISSING,
         before: Optional[SnowflakeTime] = None,
         after: Optional[SnowflakeTime] = None,
@@ -466,9 +530,10 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
         name: str = MISSING,
         archived: bool = MISSING,
         locked: bool = MISSING,
+        invitable: bool = MISSING,
         slowmode_delay: int = MISSING,
         auto_archive_duration: ThreadArchiveDuration = MISSING,
-    ):
+    ) -> Thread:
         """|coro|
 
         Edits the thread.
@@ -488,8 +553,11 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
             Whether to archive the thread or not.
         locked: :class:`bool`
             Whether to lock the thread or not.
+        invitable: :class:`bool`
+            Whether non-moderators can add other non-moderators to this thread.
+            Only available for private threads.
         auto_archive_duration: :class:`int`
-            The new duration to auto archive threads for inactivity.
+            The new duration in minutes before a thread is automatically archived for inactivity.
             Must be one of ``60``, ``1440``, ``4320``, or ``10080``.
         slowmode_delay: :class:`int`
             Specifies the slowmode rate limit for user in this thread, in seconds.
@@ -501,30 +569,37 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
             You do not have permissions to edit the thread.
         HTTPException
             Editing the thread failed.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Thread`
+            The newly edited thread.
         """
         payload = {}
         if name is not MISSING:
-            payload['name'] = str(name)
+            payload["name"] = str(name)
         if archived is not MISSING:
-            payload['archived'] = archived
+            payload["archived"] = archived
         if auto_archive_duration is not MISSING:
-            payload['auto_archive_duration'] = auto_archive_duration
+            payload["auto_archive_duration"] = auto_archive_duration
         if locked is not MISSING:
-            payload['locked'] = locked
+            payload["locked"] = locked
+        if invitable is not MISSING:
+            payload["invitable"] = invitable
         if slowmode_delay is not MISSING:
-            payload['rate_limit_per_user'] = slowmode_delay
+            payload["rate_limit_per_user"] = slowmode_delay
 
-        await self._state.http.edit_channel(self.id, **payload)
+        data = await self._state.http.edit_channel(self.id, **payload)
+        # The data payload will always be a Thread payload
+        return Thread(data=data, state=self._state, guild=self.guild)  # type: ignore
 
     async def join(self):
         """|coro|
 
         Joins this thread.
 
-        You must have :attr:`~Permissions.send_messages` and :attr:`~Permissions.use_threads`
-        to join a public thread. If the thread is private then :attr:`~Permissions.send_messages`
-        and either :attr:`~Permissions.use_private_threads` or :attr:`~Permissions.manage_messages`
-        is required to join the thread.
+        You must have :attr:`~Permissions.send_messages_in_threads` to join a thread.
+        If the thread is private, :attr:`~Permissions.manage_threads` is also needed.
 
         Raises
         -------
@@ -592,6 +667,28 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
         """
         await self._state.http.remove_user_from_thread(self.id, user.id)
 
+    async def fetch_members(self) -> List[ThreadMember]:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Retrieves all :class:`ThreadMember` that are in this thread.
+
+        This requires :attr:`Intents.members` to get information about members
+        other than yourself.
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        HTTPException
+            Retrieving the members failed.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        List[:class:`ThreadMember`]
+            All thread members in the thread.
+        """
+
+        members = await self._state.http.get_thread_members(self.id)
+        return [ThreadMember(parent=self, data=data) for data in members]
+
     async def delete(self):
         """|coro|
 
@@ -608,6 +705,29 @@ class Thread(Messageable, Hashable):
         """
         await self._state.http.delete_channel(self.id)
 
+    def get_partial_message(self, message_id: int, /) -> PartialMessage:
+        """Creates a :class:`PartialMessage` from the message ID.
+
+        This is useful if you want to work with a message and only have its ID without
+        doing an unnecessary API call.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        Parameters
+        ------------
+        message_id: :class:`int`
+            The message ID to create a partial message for.
+
+        Returns
+        ---------
+        :class:`PartialMessage`
+            The partial message.
+        """
+
+        from .message import PartialMessage
+
+        return PartialMessage(channel=self, id=message_id)
+
     def _add_member(self, member: ThreadMember) -> None:
         self._members[member.id] = member
 
@@ -632,6 +752,10 @@ class ThreadMember(Hashable):
 
             Returns the thread member's hash.
 
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the thread member's ID.
+
         .. describe:: str(x)
 
             Returns the thread member's name.
@@ -649,12 +773,12 @@ class ThreadMember(Hashable):
     """
 
     __slots__ = (
-        'id',
-        'thread_id',
-        'joined_at',
-        'flags',
-        '_state',
-        'parent',
+        "id",
+        "thread_id",
+        "joined_at",
+        "flags",
+        "_state",
+        "parent",
     )
 
     def __init__(self, parent: Thread, data: ThreadMemberPayload):
@@ -663,24 +787,60 @@ class ThreadMember(Hashable):
         self._from_data(data)
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<ThreadMember id={self.id} thread_id={self.thread_id} joined_at={self.joined_at!r}>'
+        return f"<ThreadMember id={self.id} thread_id={self.thread_id} joined_at={self.joined_at!r}>"
 
     def _from_data(self, data: ThreadMemberPayload):
         try:
-            self.id = int(data['user_id'])
+            self.id = int(data["user_id"])
         except KeyError:
             assert self._state.self_id is not None
             self.id = self._state.self_id
 
         try:
-            self.thread_id = int(data['id'])
+            self.thread_id = int(data["id"])
         except KeyError:
             self.thread_id = self.parent.id
 
-        self.joined_at = parse_time(data['join_timestamp'])
-        self.flags = data['flags']
+        self.joined_at = parse_time(data["join_timestamp"])
+        self.flags = data["flags"]
 
     @property
     def thread(self) -> Thread:
         """:class:`Thread`: The thread this member belongs to."""
         return self.parent
+
+    async def fetch_member(self) -> Member:
+        """|coro|
+
+        Retrieves a :class:`Member` from the ThreadMember object.
+
+        .. note::
+
+            This method is an API call. If you have :attr:`Intents.members` and member cache enabled, consider :meth:`get_member` instead.
+
+        Raises
+        -------
+        Forbidden
+            You do not have access to the guild.
+        HTTPException
+            Fetching the member failed.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`Member`
+            The member.
+        """
+
+        return await self.thread.guild.fetch_member(self.id)
+
+    def get_member(self) -> Optional[Member]:
+        """
+        Get the :class:`Member` from cache for the ThreadMember object.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        Optional[:class:`Member`]
+            The member or ``None`` if not found.
+        """
+
+        return self.thread.guild.get_member(self.id)

discord/types/activity.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ from .user import PartialUser
 from .snowflake import Snowflake
 
 
-StatusType = Literal['idle', 'dnd', 'online', 'offline']
+StatusType = Literal["idle", "dnd", "online", "offline"]
 
 
 class PartialPresenceUpdate(TypedDict):
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ class PartialPresenceUpdate(TypedDict):
 
 
 class ClientStatus(TypedDict, total=False):
-    desktop: bool
-    mobile: bool
-    web: bool
+    desktop: str
+    mobile: str
+    web: str
 
 
 class ActivityTimestamps(TypedDict, total=False):

discord/types/appinfo.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from .user import User
 from .team import Team
 from .snowflake import Snowflake
 
+
 class BaseAppInfo(TypedDict):
     id: Snowflake
     name: str
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ class BaseAppInfo(TypedDict):
     summary: str
     description: str
 
+
 class _AppInfoOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     team: Team
     guild_id: Snowflake
@@ -48,12 +50,14 @@ class _AppInfoOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     hook: bool
     max_participants: int
 
+
 class AppInfo(BaseAppInfo, _AppInfoOptional):
     rpc_origins: List[str]
     owner: User
     bot_public: bool
     bot_require_code_grant: bool
 
+
 class _PartialAppInfoOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     rpc_origins: List[str]
     cover_image: str
@@ -61,6 +65,8 @@ class _PartialAppInfoOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     terms_of_service_url: str
     privacy_policy_url: str
     max_participants: int
+    flags: int
+
 
 class PartialAppInfo(_PartialAppInfoOptional, BaseAppInfo):
     pass

discord/types/audit_log.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from .user import User
 from .snowflake import Snowflake
 from .role import Role
 from .channel import ChannelType, VideoQualityMode, PermissionOverwrite
+from .threads import Thread
 
 AuditLogEvent = Literal[
     1,
@@ -69,35 +70,54 @@ AuditLogEvent = Literal[
     80,
     81,
     82,
+    83,
+    84,
+    85,
+    90,
+    91,
+    92,
+    110,
+    111,
+    112,
 ]
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_Str(TypedDict):
     key: Literal[
-        'name', 'description', 'preferred_locale', 'vanity_url_code', 'topic', 'code', 'allow', 'deny', 'permissions'
+        "name",
+        "description",
+        "preferred_locale",
+        "vanity_url_code",
+        "topic",
+        "code",
+        "allow",
+        "deny",
+        "permissions",
+        "tags",
     ]
     new_value: str
     old_value: str
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_AssetHash(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['icon_hash', 'splash_hash', 'discovery_splash_hash', 'banner_hash', 'avatar_hash']
+    key: Literal["icon_hash", "splash_hash", "discovery_splash_hash", "banner_hash", "avatar_hash", "asset"]
     new_value: str
     old_value: str
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_Snowflake(TypedDict):
     key: Literal[
-        'id',
-        'owner_id',
-        'afk_channel_id',
-        'rules_channel_id',
-        'public_updates_channel_id',
-        'widget_channel_id',
-        'system_channel_id',
-        'application_id',
-        'channel_id',
-        'inviter_id',
+        "id",
+        "owner_id",
+        "afk_channel_id",
+        "rules_channel_id",
+        "public_updates_channel_id",
+        "widget_channel_id",
+        "system_channel_id",
+        "application_id",
+        "channel_id",
+        "inviter_id",
+        "guild_id",
     ]
     new_value: Snowflake
     old_value: Snowflake
@@ -105,17 +125,20 @@ class _AuditLogChange_Snowflake(TypedDict):
 
 class _AuditLogChange_Bool(TypedDict):
     key: Literal[
-        'widget_enabled',
-        'nsfw',
-        'hoist',
-        'mentionable',
-        'temporary',
-        'deaf',
-        'mute',
-        'nick',
-        'enabled_emoticons',
-        'region',
-        'rtc_region',
+        "widget_enabled",
+        "nsfw",
+        "hoist",
+        "mentionable",
+        "temporary",
+        "deaf",
+        "mute",
+        "nick",
+        "enabled_emoticons",
+        "region",
+        "rtc_region",
+        "available",
+        "archived",
+        "locked",
     ]
     new_value: bool
     old_value: bool
@@ -123,70 +146,72 @@ class _AuditLogChange_Bool(TypedDict):
 
 class _AuditLogChange_Int(TypedDict):
     key: Literal[
-        'afk_timeout',
-        'prune_delete_days',
-        'position',
-        'bitrate',
-        'rate_limit_per_user',
-        'color',
-        'max_uses',
-        'max_age',
-        'user_limit',
+        "afk_timeout",
+        "prune_delete_days",
+        "position",
+        "bitrate",
+        "rate_limit_per_user",
+        "color",
+        "max_uses",
+        "max_age",
+        "user_limit",
+        "auto_archive_duration",
+        "default_auto_archive_duration",
     ]
     new_value: int
     old_value: int
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_ListRole(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['$add', '$remove']
+    key: Literal["$add", "$remove"]
     new_value: List[Role]
     old_value: List[Role]
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_MFALevel(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['mfa_level']
+    key: Literal["mfa_level"]
     new_value: MFALevel
     old_value: MFALevel
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_VerificationLevel(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['verification_level']
+    key: Literal["verification_level"]
     new_value: VerificationLevel
     old_value: VerificationLevel
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_ExplicitContentFilter(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['explicit_content_filter']
+    key: Literal["explicit_content_filter"]
     new_value: ExplicitContentFilterLevel
     old_value: ExplicitContentFilterLevel
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_DefaultMessageNotificationLevel(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['default_message_notifications']
+    key: Literal["default_message_notifications"]
     new_value: DefaultMessageNotificationLevel
     old_value: DefaultMessageNotificationLevel
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_ChannelType(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['type']
+    key: Literal["type"]
     new_value: ChannelType
     old_value: ChannelType
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_IntegrationExpireBehaviour(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['expire_behavior']
+    key: Literal["expire_behavior"]
     new_value: IntegrationExpireBehavior
     old_value: IntegrationExpireBehavior
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_VideoQualityMode(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['video_quality_mode']
+    key: Literal["video_quality_mode"]
     new_value: VideoQualityMode
     old_value: VideoQualityMode
 
 
 class _AuditLogChange_Overwrites(TypedDict):
-    key: Literal['permission_overwrites']
+    key: Literal["permission_overwrites"]
     new_value: List[PermissionOverwrite]
     old_value: List[PermissionOverwrite]
 
@@ -216,7 +241,7 @@ class AuditEntryInfo(TypedDict):
     message_id: Snowflake
     count: str
     id: Snowflake
-    type: Literal['0', '1']
+    type: Literal["0", "1"]
     role_name: str
 
 
@@ -238,3 +263,4 @@ class AuditLog(TypedDict):
     users: List[User]
     audit_log_entries: List[AuditLogEntry]
     integrations: List[PartialIntegration]
+    threads: List[Thread]

discord/types/channel.py

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 from typing import List, Literal, Optional, TypedDict, Union
 from .user import PartialUser
 from .snowflake import Snowflake
-from .threads import ThreadMetadata, ThreadMember
+from .threads import ThreadMetadata, ThreadMember, ThreadArchiveDuration
 
 
 OverwriteType = Literal[0, 1]
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ class _TextChannelOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     last_message_id: Optional[Snowflake]
     last_pin_timestamp: str
     rate_limit_per_user: int
+    default_auto_archive_duration: ThreadArchiveDuration
 
 
 class TextChannel(_BaseGuildChannel, _TextChannelOptional):
@@ -78,13 +79,13 @@ VideoQualityMode = Literal[1, 2]
 
 class _VoiceChannelOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     rtc_region: Optional[str]
-    bitrate: int
-    user_limit: int
     video_quality_mode: VideoQualityMode
 
 
 class VoiceChannel(_BaseGuildChannel, _VoiceChannelOptional):
     type: Literal[2]
+    bitrate: int
+    user_limit: int
 
 
 class CategoryChannel(_BaseGuildChannel):
@@ -97,13 +98,13 @@ class StoreChannel(_BaseGuildChannel):
 
 class _StageChannelOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     rtc_region: Optional[str]
-    bitrate: int
-    user_limit: int
     topic: str
 
 
 class StageChannel(_BaseGuildChannel, _StageChannelOptional):
     type: Literal[13]
+    bitrate: int
+    user_limit: int
 
 
 class _ThreadChannelOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
@@ -115,7 +116,7 @@ class _ThreadChannelOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
 
 
 class ThreadChannel(_BaseChannel, _ThreadChannelOptional):
-    type: Literal[11, 12]
+    type: Literal[10, 11, 12]
     guild_id: Snowflake
     parent_id: Snowflake
     owner_id: Snowflake

discord/types/components.py

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ class _SelectMenuOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     placeholder: str
     min_values: int
     max_values: int
+    disabled: bool
 
 
 class _SelectOptionsOptional(TypedDict, total=False):

discord/types/embed.py

@@ -24,49 +24,60 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 
 from typing import List, Literal, TypedDict
 
+
 class _EmbedFooterOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     icon_url: str
     proxy_icon_url: str
 
+
 class EmbedFooter(_EmbedFooterOptional):
     text: str
 
+
 class _EmbedFieldOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     inline: bool
 
+
 class EmbedField(_EmbedFieldOptional):
     name: str
     value: str
 
+
 class EmbedThumbnail(TypedDict, total=False):
     url: str
     proxy_url: str
     height: int
     width: int
 
+
 class EmbedVideo(TypedDict, total=False):
     url: str
     proxy_url: str
     height: int
     width: int
 
+
 class EmbedImage(TypedDict, total=False):
     url: str
     proxy_url: str
     height: int
     width: int
 
+
 class EmbedProvider(TypedDict, total=False):
     name: str
     url: str
 
+
 class EmbedAuthor(TypedDict, total=False):
     name: str
     url: str
     icon_url: str
     proxy_icon_url: str
 
-EmbedType = Literal['rich', 'image', 'video', 'gifv', 'article', 'link']
+
+EmbedType = Literal["rich", "image", "video", "gifv", "article", "link"]
+
 
 class Embed(TypedDict, total=False):
     title: str

discord/types/guild.py

@@ -75,21 +75,28 @@ VerificationLevel = Literal[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
 NSFWLevel = Literal[0, 1, 2, 3]
 PremiumTier = Literal[0, 1, 2, 3]
 GuildFeature = Literal[
-    'INVITE_SPLASH',
-    'VIP_REGIONS',
-    'VANITY_URL',
-    'VERIFIED',
-    'PARTNERED',
-    'COMMUNITY',
-    'COMMERCE',
-    'NEWS',
-    'DISCOVERABLE',
-    'FEATURABLE',
-    'ANIMATED_ICON',
-    'BANNER',
-    'WELCOME_SCREEN_ENABLED',
-    'MEMBER_VERIFICATION_GATE_ENABLED',
-    'PREVIEW_ENABLED',
+    "ANIMATED_ICON",
+    "BANNER",
+    "COMMERCE",
+    "COMMUNITY",
+    "DISCOVERABLE",
+    "FEATURABLE",
+    "INVITE_SPLASH",
+    "MEMBER_VERIFICATION_GATE_ENABLED",
+    "MONETIZATION_ENABLED",
+    "MORE_EMOJI",
+    "MORE_STICKERS",
+    "NEWS",
+    "PARTNERED",
+    "PREVIEW_ENABLED",
+    "PRIVATE_THREADS",
+    "SEVEN_DAY_THREAD_ARCHIVE",
+    "THREE_DAY_THREAD_ARCHIVE",
+    "TICKETED_EVENTS_ENABLED",
+    "VANITY_URL",
+    "VERIFIED",
+    "VIP_REGIONS",
+    "WELCOME_SCREEN_ENABLED",
 ]
 
 
@@ -152,8 +159,10 @@ class ChannelPositionUpdate(TypedDict):
     lock_permissions: Optional[bool]
     parent_id: Optional[Snowflake]
 
+
 class _RolePositionRequired(TypedDict):
     id: Snowflake
 
+
 class RolePositionUpdate(_RolePositionRequired, total=False):
     position: Optional[Snowflake]

discord/types/integration.py

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class PartialIntegration(TypedDict):
     account: IntegrationAccount
 
 
-IntegrationType = Literal['twitch', 'youtube', 'discord']
+IntegrationType = Literal["twitch", "youtube", "discord"]
 
 
 class BaseIntegration(PartialIntegration):
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class BaseIntegration(PartialIntegration):
 
 
 class StreamIntegration(BaseIntegration):
-    role_id: Snowflake
+    role_id: Optional[Snowflake]
     enable_emoticons: bool
     subscriber_count: int
     revoked: bool

discord/types/interactions.py

@@ -37,8 +37,12 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .message import AllowedMentions, Message
 
 
+ApplicationCommandType = Literal[1, 2, 3]
+
+
 class _ApplicationCommandOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     options: List[ApplicationCommandOption]
+    type: ApplicationCommandType
 
 
 class ApplicationCommand(_ApplicationCommandOptional):
@@ -53,7 +57,7 @@ class _ApplicationCommandOptionOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     options: List[ApplicationCommandOption]
 
 
-ApplicationCommandOptionType = Literal[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
+ApplicationCommandOptionType = Literal[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
 
 
 class ApplicationCommandOption(_ApplicationCommandOptionOptional):
@@ -93,16 +97,48 @@ class GuildApplicationCommandPermissions(PartialGuildApplicationCommandPermissio
 InteractionType = Literal[1, 2, 3]
 
 
-class _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
-    value: ApplicationCommandOptionType
+class _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption(TypedDict):
+    name: str
+
+
+class _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionSubcommand(_ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption):
+    type: Literal[1, 2]
     options: List[ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption]
 
 
-class ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption(
-    _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionOptional
-):
-    name: str
-    type: ApplicationCommandOptionType
+class _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionString(_ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption):
+    type: Literal[3]
+    value: str
+
+
+class _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionInteger(_ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption):
+    type: Literal[4]
+    value: int
+
+
+class _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionBoolean(_ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption):
+    type: Literal[5]
+    value: bool
+
+
+class _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionSnowflake(_ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption):
+    type: Literal[6, 7, 8, 9]
+    value: Snowflake
+
+
+class _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionNumber(_ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption):
+    type: Literal[10]
+    value: float
+
+
+ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption = Union[
+    _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionString,
+    _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionInteger,
+    _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionSubcommand,
+    _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionBoolean,
+    _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionSnowflake,
+    _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptionNumber,
+]
 
 
 class ApplicationCommandResolvedPartialChannel(TypedDict):
@@ -122,6 +158,8 @@ class ApplicationCommandInteractionDataResolved(TypedDict, total=False):
 class _ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     options: List[ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOption]
     resolved: ApplicationCommandInteractionDataResolved
+    target_id: Snowflake
+    type: ApplicationCommandType
 
 
 class ApplicationCommandInteractionData(_ApplicationCommandInteractionDataOptional):
@@ -138,8 +176,11 @@ class ComponentInteractionData(_ComponentInteractionDataOptional):
     component_type: ComponentType
 
 
+InteractionData = Union[ApplicationCommandInteractionData, ComponentInteractionData]
+
+
 class _InteractionOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
-    data: Union[ApplicationCommandInteractionData, ComponentInteractionData]
+    data: InteractionData
     guild_id: Snowflake
     channel_id: Snowflake
     member: Member
@@ -182,8 +223,12 @@ class MessageInteraction(TypedDict):
     user: User
 
 
-class EditApplicationCommand(TypedDict):
-    name: str
+class _EditApplicationCommandOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     description: str
     options: Optional[List[ApplicationCommandOption]]
+    type: ApplicationCommandType
     default_permission: bool
+
+
+class EditApplicationCommand(_EditApplicationCommandOptional):
+    name: str

discord/types/member.py

@@ -39,8 +39,25 @@ class PartialMember(TypedDict):
 
 
 class Member(PartialMember, total=False):
+    avatar: str
     user: User
     nick: str
     premium_since: str
     pending: bool
     permissions: str
+
+
+class _OptionalMemberWithUser(PartialMember, total=False):
+    avatar: str
+    nick: str
+    premium_since: str
+    pending: bool
+    permissions: str
+
+
+class MemberWithUser(_OptionalMemberWithUser):
+    user: User
+
+
+class UserWithMember(User, total=False):
+    member: _OptionalMemberWithUser

discord/types/message.py

@@ -26,13 +26,14 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import List, Literal, Optional, TypedDict, Union
 from .snowflake import Snowflake, SnowflakeList
-from .member import Member
+from .member import Member, UserWithMember
 from .user import User
 from .emoji import PartialEmoji
 from .embed import Embed
 from .channel import ChannelType
 from .components import Component
 from .interactions import MessageInteraction
+from .sticker import StickerItem
 
 
 class ChannelMention(TypedDict):
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ class _AttachmentOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     height: Optional[int]
     width: Optional[int]
     content_type: str
+    ephemeral: bool
     spoiler: bool
 
 
@@ -89,22 +91,6 @@ class MessageReference(TypedDict, total=False):
     fail_if_not_exists: bool
 
 
-class _StickerOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
-    tags: str
-
-
-StickerFormatType = Literal[1, 2, 3]
-
-
-class Sticker(_StickerOptional):
-    id: Snowflake
-    pack_id: Snowflake
-    name: str
-    description: str
-    asset: str
-    format_type: StickerFormatType
-
-
 class _MessageOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     guild_id: Snowflake
     member: Member
@@ -117,7 +103,7 @@ class _MessageOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     application_id: Snowflake
     message_reference: MessageReference
     flags: int
-    stickers: List[Sticker]
+    sticker_items: List[StickerItem]
     referenced_message: Optional[Message]
     interaction: MessageInteraction
     components: List[Component]
@@ -135,7 +121,7 @@ class Message(_MessageOptional):
     edited_timestamp: Optional[str]
     tts: bool
     mention_everyone: bool
-    mentions: List[User]
+    mentions: List[UserWithMember]
     mention_roles: SnowflakeList
     attachments: List[Attachment]
     embeds: List[Embed]
@@ -143,7 +129,7 @@ class Message(_MessageOptional):
     type: MessageType
 
 
-AllowedMentionType = Literal['roles', 'users', 'everyone']
+AllowedMentionType = Literal["roles", "users", "everyone"]
 
 
 class AllowedMentions(TypedDict):

discord/types/raw_models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"""
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015-present Rapptz
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+from typing import TypedDict, List
+from .snowflake import Snowflake
+from .member import Member
+from .emoji import PartialEmoji
+
+
+class _MessageEventOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
+    guild_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class MessageDeleteEvent(_MessageEventOptional):
+    id: Snowflake
+    channel_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class BulkMessageDeleteEvent(_MessageEventOptional):
+    ids: List[Snowflake]
+    channel_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class _ReactionActionEventOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
+    guild_id: Snowflake
+    member: Member
+
+
+class MessageUpdateEvent(_MessageEventOptional):
+    id: Snowflake
+    channel_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class ReactionActionEvent(_ReactionActionEventOptional):
+    user_id: Snowflake
+    channel_id: Snowflake
+    message_id: Snowflake
+    emoji: PartialEmoji
+
+
+class _ReactionClearEventOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
+    guild_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class ReactionClearEvent(_ReactionClearEventOptional):
+    channel_id: Snowflake
+    message_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class _ReactionClearEmojiEventOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
+    guild_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class ReactionClearEmojiEvent(_ReactionClearEmojiEventOptional):
+    channel_id: int
+    message_id: int
+    emoji: PartialEmoji
+
+
+class _IntegrationDeleteEventOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
+    application_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class IntegrationDeleteEvent(_IntegrationDeleteEventOptional):
+    id: Snowflake
+    guild_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class _TypingEventOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
+    guild_id: Snowflake
+    member: Member
+
+
+class TypingEvent(_TypingEventOptional):
+    channel_id: Snowflake
+    user_id: Snowflake
+    timestamp: int

discord/types/sticker.py

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+"""
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2015-present Rapptz
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS
+OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import List, Literal, TypedDict, Union
+from .snowflake import Snowflake
+from .user import User
+
+StickerFormatType = Literal[1, 2, 3]
+
+
+class StickerItem(TypedDict):
+    id: Snowflake
+    name: str
+    format_type: StickerFormatType
+
+
+class BaseSticker(TypedDict):
+    id: Snowflake
+    name: str
+    description: str
+    tags: str
+    format_type: StickerFormatType
+
+
+class StandardSticker(BaseSticker):
+    type: Literal[1]
+    sort_value: int
+    pack_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class _GuildStickerOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
+    user: User
+
+
+class GuildSticker(BaseSticker, _GuildStickerOptional):
+    type: Literal[2]
+    available: bool
+    guild_id: Snowflake
+
+
+Sticker = Union[BaseSticker, StandardSticker, GuildSticker]
+
+
+class StickerPack(TypedDict):
+    id: Snowflake
+    stickers: List[StandardSticker]
+    name: str
+    sku_id: Snowflake
+    cover_sticker_id: Snowflake
+    description: str
+    banner_asset_id: Snowflake
+
+
+class _CreateGuildStickerOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
+    description: str
+
+
+class CreateGuildSticker(_CreateGuildStickerOptional):
+    name: str
+    tags: str
+
+
+class EditGuildSticker(TypedDict, total=False):
+    name: str
+    tags: str
+    description: str
+
+
+class ListPremiumStickerPacks(TypedDict):
+    sticker_packs: List[StickerPack]

discord/types/team.py

@@ -29,12 +29,14 @@ from typing import TypedDict, List, Optional
 from .user import PartialUser
 from .snowflake import Snowflake
 
+
 class TeamMember(TypedDict):
     user: PartialUser
     membership_state: int
     permissions: List[str]
     team_id: Snowflake
 
+
 class Team(TypedDict):
     id: Snowflake
     name: str

discord/types/threads.py

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ class ThreadMember(TypedDict):
 class _ThreadMetadataOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
     archiver_id: Snowflake
     locked: bool
+    invitable: bool
 
 
 class ThreadMetadata(_ThreadMetadataOptional):

discord/types/voice.py

@@ -22,13 +22,16 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
-from typing import Optional, TypedDict
+from typing import Optional, TypedDict, List, Literal
 from .snowflake import Snowflake
-from .member import Member
+from .member import MemberWithUser
+
+
+SupportedModes = Literal["xsalsa20_poly1305_lite", "xsalsa20_poly1305_suffix", "xsalsa20_poly1305"]
 
 
 class _PartialVoiceStateOptional(TypedDict, total=False):
-    member: Member
+    member: MemberWithUser
     self_stream: bool
 
 
@@ -59,3 +62,24 @@ class VoiceRegion(TypedDict):
     optimal: bool
     deprecated: bool
     custom: bool
+
+
+class VoiceServerUpdate(TypedDict):
+    token: str
+    guild_id: Snowflake
+    endpoint: Optional[str]
+
+
+class VoiceIdentify(TypedDict):
+    server_id: Snowflake
+    user_id: Snowflake
+    session_id: str
+    token: str
+
+
+class VoiceReady(TypedDict):
+    ssrc: int
+    ip: str
+    port: int
+    modes: List[SupportedModes]
+    heartbeat_interval: int

discord/ui/button.py

@@ -35,16 +35,16 @@ from ..partial_emoji import PartialEmoji, _EmojiTag
 from ..components import Button as ButtonComponent
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Button',
-    'button',
+    "Button",
+    "button",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from .view import View
     from ..emoji import Emoji
 
-B = TypeVar('B', bound='Button')
-V = TypeVar('V', bound='View', covariant=True)
+B = TypeVar("B", bound="Button")
+V = TypeVar("V", bound="View", covariant=True)
 
 
 class Button(Item[V]):
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class Button(Item[V]):
         Whether the button is disabled or not.
     label: Optional[:class:`str`]
         The label of the button, if any.
-    emoji: Optional[Union[:class:`PartialEmoji`, :class:`Emoji`, :class:`str`]]
+    emoji: Optional[Union[:class:`.PartialEmoji`, :class:`.Emoji`, :class:`str`]]
         The emoji of the button, if available.
     row: Optional[:class:`int`]
         The relative row this button belongs to. A Discord component can only have 5
@@ -76,18 +76,18 @@ class Button(Item[V]):
     """
 
     __item_repr_attributes__: Tuple[str, ...] = (
-        'style',
-        'url',
-        'disabled',
-        'label',
-        'emoji',
-        'row',
+        "style",
+        "url",
+        "disabled",
+        "label",
+        "emoji",
+        "row",
     )
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         *,
-        style: ButtonStyle,
+        style: ButtonStyle = ButtonStyle.secondary,
         label: Optional[str] = None,
         disabled: bool = False,
         custom_id: Optional[str] = None,
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class Button(Item[V]):
     ):
         super().__init__()
         if custom_id is not None and url is not None:
-            raise TypeError('cannot mix both url and custom_id with Button')
+            raise TypeError("cannot mix both url and custom_id with Button")
 
         self._provided_custom_id = custom_id is not None
         if url is None and custom_id is None:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class Button(Item[V]):
             elif isinstance(emoji, _EmojiTag):
                 emoji = emoji._to_partial()
             else:
-                raise TypeError(f'expected emoji to be str, Emoji, or PartialEmoji not {emoji.__class__}')
+                raise TypeError(f"expected emoji to be str, Emoji, or PartialEmoji not {emoji.__class__}")
 
         self._underlying = ButtonComponent._raw_construct(
             type=ComponentType.button,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class Button(Item[V]):
     @custom_id.setter
     def custom_id(self, value: Optional[str]):
         if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
-            raise TypeError('custom_id must be None or str')
+            raise TypeError("custom_id must be None or str")
 
         self._underlying.custom_id = value
 
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ class Button(Item[V]):
     @url.setter
     def url(self, value: Optional[str]):
         if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
-            raise TypeError('url must be None or str')
+            raise TypeError("url must be None or str")
         self._underlying.url = value
 
     @property
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ class Button(Item[V]):
 
     @property
     def emoji(self) -> Optional[PartialEmoji]:
-        """Optional[:class:`PartialEmoji`]: The emoji of the button, if available."""
+        """Optional[:class:`.PartialEmoji`]: The emoji of the button, if available."""
         return self._underlying.emoji
 
     @emoji.setter
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class Button(Item[V]):
             elif isinstance(value, _EmojiTag):
                 self._underlying.emoji = value._to_partial()
             else:
-                raise TypeError(f'expected str, Emoji, or PartialEmoji, received {value.__class__} instead')
+                raise TypeError(f"expected str, Emoji, or PartialEmoji, received {value.__class__} instead")
         else:
             self._underlying.emoji = None
 
@@ -217,6 +217,11 @@ class Button(Item[V]):
     def is_dispatchable(self) -> bool:
         return self.custom_id is not None
 
+    def is_persistent(self) -> bool:
+        if self.style is ButtonStyle.link:
+            return self.url is not None
+        return super().is_persistent()
+
     def refresh_component(self, button: ButtonComponent) -> None:
         self._underlying = button
 
@@ -251,13 +256,13 @@ def button(
     custom_id: Optional[:class:`str`]
         The ID of the button that gets received during an interaction.
         It is recommended not to set this parameter to prevent conflicts.
-    style: :class:`ButtonStyle`
-        The style of the button. Defaults to :attr:`ButtonStyle.grey`.
+    style: :class:`.ButtonStyle`
+        The style of the button. Defaults to :attr:`.ButtonStyle.grey`.
     disabled: :class:`bool`
         Whether the button is disabled or not. Defaults to ``False``.
-    emoji: Optional[Union[:class:`str`, :class:`Emoji`, :class:`PartialEmoji`]]
-        The emoji of the button. This can be in string form or a :class:`PartialEmoji`
-        or a full :class:`Emoji`.
+    emoji: Optional[Union[:class:`str`, :class:`.Emoji`, :class:`.PartialEmoji`]]
+        The emoji of the button. This can be in string form or a :class:`.PartialEmoji`
+        or a full :class:`.Emoji`.
     row: Optional[:class:`int`]
         The relative row this button belongs to. A Discord component can only have 5
         rows. By default, items are arranged automatically into those 5 rows. If you'd
@@ -267,20 +272,18 @@ def button(
     """
 
     def decorator(func: ItemCallbackType) -> ItemCallbackType:
-        nonlocal custom_id
         if not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func):
-            raise TypeError('button function must be a coroutine function')
+            raise TypeError("button function must be a coroutine function")
 
-        custom_id = custom_id or os.urandom(32).hex()
         func.__discord_ui_model_type__ = Button
         func.__discord_ui_model_kwargs__ = {
-            'style': style,
-            'custom_id': custom_id,
-            'url': None,
-            'disabled': disabled,
-            'label': label,
-            'emoji': emoji,
-            'row': row,
+            "style": style,
+            "custom_id": custom_id,
+            "url": None,
+            "disabled": disabled,
+            "label": label,
+            "emoji": emoji,
+            "row": row,
         }
         return func
 

discord/ui/item.py

@@ -28,17 +28,15 @@ from typing import Any, Callable, Coroutine, Dict, Generic, Optional, TYPE_CHECK
 
 from ..interactions import Interaction
 
-__all__ = (
-    'Item',
-)
+__all__ = ("Item",)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ..enums import ComponentType
     from .view import View
     from ..components import Component
 
-I = TypeVar('I', bound='Item')
-V = TypeVar('V', bound='View', covariant=True)
+I = TypeVar("I", bound="Item")
+V = TypeVar("V", bound="View", covariant=True)
 ItemCallbackType = Callable[[Any, I, Interaction], Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]]
 
 
@@ -48,9 +46,12 @@ class Item(Generic[V]):
     The current UI items supported are:
 
     - :class:`discord.ui.Button`
+    - :class:`discord.ui.Select`
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
     """
 
-    __item_repr_attributes__: Tuple[str, ...] = ('row',)
+    __item_repr_attributes__: Tuple[str, ...] = ("row",)
 
     def __init__(self):
         self._view: Optional[V] = None
@@ -88,8 +89,8 @@ class Item(Generic[V]):
         return self._provided_custom_id
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        attrs = ' '.join(f'{key}={getattr(self, key)!r}' for key in self.__item_repr_attributes__)
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} {attrs}>'
+        attrs = " ".join(f"{key}={getattr(self, key)!r}" for key in self.__item_repr_attributes__)
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {attrs}>"
 
     @property
     def row(self) -> Optional[int]:
@@ -102,11 +103,10 @@ class Item(Generic[V]):
         elif 5 > value >= 0:
             self._row = value
         else:
-            raise ValueError('row cannot be negative or greater than or equal to 5')
+            raise ValueError("row cannot be negative or greater than or equal to 5")
 
     @property
     def width(self) -> int:
-        """:class:`int`: The width of the item."""
         return 1
 
     @property
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ class Item(Generic[V]):
 
         Parameters
         -----------
-        interaction: :class:`Interaction`
+        interaction: :class:`.Interaction`
             The interaction that triggered this UI item.
         """
         pass

discord/ui/select.py

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ from ..components import (
 )
 
 __all__ = (
-    'Select',
-    'select',
+    "Select",
+    "select",
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -50,8 +50,8 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
         ComponentInteractionData,
     )
 
-S = TypeVar('S', bound='Select')
-V = TypeVar('V', bound='View', covariant=True)
+S = TypeVar("S", bound="Select")
+V = TypeVar("V", bound="View", covariant=True)
 
 
 class Select(Item[V]):
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
 
     This is usually represented as a drop down menu.
 
+    In order to get the selected items that the user has chosen, use :attr:`Select.values`.
+
     .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
     Parameters
@@ -76,6 +78,8 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
         Defaults to 1 and must be between 1 and 25.
     options: List[:class:`discord.SelectOption`]
         A list of options that can be selected in this menu.
+    disabled: :class:`bool`
+        Whether the select is disabled or not.
     row: Optional[:class:`int`]
         The relative row this select menu belongs to. A Discord component can only have 5
         rows. By default, items are arranged automatically into those 5 rows. If you'd
@@ -85,10 +89,11 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
     """
 
     __item_repr_attributes__: Tuple[str, ...] = (
-        'placeholder',
-        'min_values',
-        'max_values',
-        'options',
+        "placeholder",
+        "min_values",
+        "max_values",
+        "options",
+        "disabled",
     )
 
     def __init__(
@@ -99,8 +104,10 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
         min_values: int = 1,
         max_values: int = 1,
         options: List[SelectOption] = MISSING,
+        disabled: bool = False,
         row: Optional[int] = None,
     ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
         self._selected_values: List[str] = []
         self._provided_custom_id = custom_id is not MISSING
         custom_id = os.urandom(16).hex() if custom_id is MISSING else custom_id
@@ -112,6 +119,7 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
             min_values=min_values,
             max_values=max_values,
             options=options,
+            disabled=disabled,
         )
         self.row = row
 
@@ -123,7 +131,7 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
     @custom_id.setter
     def custom_id(self, value: str):
         if not isinstance(value, str):
-            raise TypeError('custom_id must be None or str')
+            raise TypeError("custom_id must be None or str")
 
         self._underlying.custom_id = value
 
@@ -135,7 +143,7 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
     @placeholder.setter
     def placeholder(self, value: Optional[str]):
         if value is not None and not isinstance(value, str):
-            raise TypeError('placeholder must be None or str')
+            raise TypeError("placeholder must be None or str")
 
         self._underlying.placeholder = value
 
@@ -165,9 +173,9 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
     @options.setter
     def options(self, value: List[SelectOption]):
         if not isinstance(value, list):
-            raise TypeError('options must be a list of SelectOption')
+            raise TypeError("options must be a list of SelectOption")
         if not all(isinstance(obj, SelectOption) for obj in value):
-            raise TypeError('all list items must subclass SelectOption')
+            raise TypeError("all list items must subclass SelectOption")
 
         self._underlying.options = value
 
@@ -189,16 +197,16 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
         -----------
         label: :class:`str`
             The label of the option. This is displayed to users.
-            Can only be up to 25 characters.
+            Can only be up to 100 characters.
         value: :class:`str`
             The value of the option. This is not displayed to users.
             If not given, defaults to the label. Can only be up to 100 characters.
         description: Optional[:class:`str`]
             An additional description of the option, if any.
-            Can only be up to 50 characters.
-        emoji: Optional[Union[:class:`str`, :class:`Emoji`, :class:`PartialEmoji`]]
+            Can only be up to 100 characters.
+        emoji: Optional[Union[:class:`str`, :class:`.Emoji`, :class:`.PartialEmoji`]]
             The emoji of the option, if available. This can either be a string representing
-            the custom or unicode emoji or an instance of :class:`PartialEmoji` or :class:`Emoji`.
+            the custom or unicode emoji or an instance of :class:`.PartialEmoji` or :class:`.Emoji`.
         default: :class:`bool`
             Whether this option is selected by default.
 
@@ -216,7 +224,6 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
             default=default,
         )
 
-
         self.append_option(option)
 
     def append_option(self, option: SelectOption):
@@ -234,10 +241,19 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
         """
 
         if len(self._underlying.options) > 25:
-            raise ValueError('maximum number of options already provided')
+            raise ValueError("maximum number of options already provided")
 
         self._underlying.options.append(option)
 
+    @property
+    def disabled(self) -> bool:
+        """:class:`bool`: Whether the select is disabled or not."""
+        return self._underlying.disabled
+
+    @disabled.setter
+    def disabled(self, value: bool):
+        self._underlying.disabled = bool(value)
+
     @property
     def values(self) -> List[str]:
         """List[:class:`str`]: A list of values that have been selected by the user."""
@@ -255,7 +271,7 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
 
     def refresh_state(self, interaction: Interaction) -> None:
         data: ComponentInteractionData = interaction.data  # type: ignore
-        self._selected_values = data.get('values', [])
+        self._selected_values = data.get("values", [])
 
     @classmethod
     def from_component(cls: Type[S], component: SelectMenu) -> S:
@@ -265,6 +281,7 @@ class Select(Item[V]):
             min_values=component.min_values,
             max_values=component.max_values,
             options=component.options,
+            disabled=component.disabled,
             row=None,
         )
 
@@ -283,6 +300,7 @@ def select(
     min_values: int = 1,
     max_values: int = 1,
     options: List[SelectOption] = MISSING,
+    disabled: bool = False,
     row: Optional[int] = None,
 ) -> Callable[[ItemCallbackType], ItemCallbackType]:
     """A decorator that attaches a select menu to a component.
@@ -291,6 +309,8 @@ def select(
     the :class:`discord.ui.View`, the :class:`discord.ui.Select` being pressed and
     the :class:`discord.Interaction` you receive.
 
+    In order to get the selected items that the user has chosen within the callback
+    use :attr:`Select.values`.
 
     Parameters
     ------------
@@ -313,20 +333,23 @@ def select(
         Defaults to 1 and must be between 1 and 25.
     options: List[:class:`discord.SelectOption`]
         A list of options that can be selected in this menu.
+    disabled: :class:`bool`
+        Whether the select is disabled or not. Defaults to ``False``.
     """
 
     def decorator(func: ItemCallbackType) -> ItemCallbackType:
         if not inspect.iscoroutinefunction(func):
-            raise TypeError('button function must be a coroutine function')
+            raise TypeError("select function must be a coroutine function")
 
         func.__discord_ui_model_type__ = Select
         func.__discord_ui_model_kwargs__ = {
-            'placeholder': placeholder,
-            'custom_id': custom_id,
-            'row': row,
-            'min_values': min_values,
-            'max_values': max_values,
-            'options': options,
+            "placeholder": placeholder,
+            "custom_id": custom_id,
+            "row": row,
+            "min_values": min_values,
+            "max_values": max_values,
+            "options": options,
+            "disabled": disabled,
         }
         return func
 

discord/ui/view.py

@@ -33,21 +33,20 @@ import sys
 import time
 import os
 from .item import Item, ItemCallbackType
-from ..enums import ComponentType
 from ..components import (
     Component,
     ActionRow as ActionRowComponent,
     _component_factory,
     Button as ButtonComponent,
+    SelectMenu as SelectComponent,
 )
 
-__all__ = (
-    'View',
-)
+__all__ = ("View",)
 
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ..interactions import Interaction
+    from ..message import Message
     from ..types.components import Component as ComponentPayload
     from ..state import ConnectionState
 
@@ -65,13 +64,15 @@ def _component_to_item(component: Component) -> Item:
         from .button import Button
 
         return Button.from_component(component)
+    if isinstance(component, SelectComponent):
+        from .select import Select
+
+        return Select.from_component(component)
     return Item.from_component(component)
 
 
 class _ViewWeights:
-    __slots__ = (
-        'weights',
-    )
+    __slots__ = ("weights",)
 
     def __init__(self, children: List[Item]):
         self.weights: List[int] = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
@@ -87,13 +88,13 @@ class _ViewWeights:
             if weight + item.width <= 5:
                 return index
 
-        raise ValueError('could not find open space for item')
+        raise ValueError("could not find open space for item")
 
     def add_item(self, item: Item) -> None:
         if item.row is not None:
             total = self.weights[item.row] + item.width
             if total > 5:
-                raise ValueError(f'item would not fit at row {item.row} ({total} > 5 width)')
+                raise ValueError(f"item would not fit at row {item.row} ({total} > 5 width)")
             self.weights[item.row] = total
             item._rendered_row = item.row
         else:
@@ -109,15 +110,18 @@ class _ViewWeights:
     def clear(self) -> None:
         self.weights = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
 
+
 class View:
     """Represents a UI view.
 
     This object must be inherited to create a UI within Discord.
 
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
     Parameters
     -----------
     timeout: Optional[:class:`float`]
-        Timeout from last interaction with the UI before no longer accepting input.
+        Timeout in seconds from last interaction with the UI before no longer accepting input.
         If ``None`` then there is no timeout.
 
     Attributes
@@ -136,15 +140,15 @@ class View:
         children: List[ItemCallbackType] = []
         for base in reversed(cls.__mro__):
             for member in base.__dict__.values():
-                if hasattr(member, '__discord_ui_model_type__'):
+                if hasattr(member, "__discord_ui_model_type__"):
                     children.append(member)
 
         if len(children) > 25:
-            raise TypeError('View cannot have more than 25 children')
+            raise TypeError("View cannot have more than 25 children")
 
         cls.__view_children_items__ = children
 
-    def __init__(self, timeout: Optional[float] = 180.0):
+    def __init__(self, *, timeout: Optional[float] = 180.0):
         self.timeout = timeout
         self.children: List[Item] = []
         for func in self.__view_children_items__:
@@ -156,13 +160,31 @@ class View:
 
         self.__weights = _ViewWeights(self.children)
         loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-        self.id = os.urandom(16).hex()
-        self._cancel_callback: Optional[Callable[[View], None]] = None
-        self._timeout_handler: Optional[asyncio.TimerHandle] = None
-        self._stopped = loop.create_future()
+        self.id: str = os.urandom(16).hex()
+        self.__cancel_callback: Optional[Callable[[View], None]] = None
+        self.__timeout_expiry: Optional[float] = None
+        self.__timeout_task: Optional[asyncio.Task[None]] = None
+        self.__stopped: asyncio.Future[bool] = loop.create_future()
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<{self.__class__.__name__} timeout={self.timeout} children={len(self.children)}>'
+        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} timeout={self.timeout} children={len(self.children)}>"
+
+    async def __timeout_task_impl(self) -> None:
+        while True:
+            # Guard just in case someone changes the value of the timeout at runtime
+            if self.timeout is None:
+                return
+
+            if self.__timeout_expiry is None:
+                return self._dispatch_timeout()
+
+            # Check if we've elapsed our currently set timeout
+            now = time.monotonic()
+            if now >= self.__timeout_expiry:
+                return self._dispatch_timeout()
+
+            # Wait N seconds to see if timeout data has been refreshed
+            await asyncio.sleep(self.__timeout_expiry - now)
 
     def to_components(self) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
         def key(item: Item) -> int:
@@ -177,13 +199,40 @@ class View:
 
             components.append(
                 {
-                    'type': 1,
-                    'components': children,
+                    "type": 1,
+                    "components": children,
                 }
             )
 
         return components
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_message(cls, message: Message, /, *, timeout: Optional[float] = 180.0) -> View:
+        """Converts a message's components into a :class:`View`.
+
+        The :attr:`.Message.components` of a message are read-only
+        and separate types from those in the ``discord.ui`` namespace.
+        In order to modify and edit message components they must be
+        converted into a :class:`View` first.
+
+        Parameters
+        -----------
+        message: :class:`discord.Message`
+            The message with components to convert into a view.
+        timeout: Optional[:class:`float`]
+            The timeout of the converted view.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`View`
+            The converted view. This always returns a :class:`View` and not
+            one of its subclasses.
+        """
+        view = View(timeout=timeout)
+        for component in _walk_all_components(message.components):
+            view.add_item(_component_to_item(component))
+        return view
+
     @property
     def _expires_at(self) -> Optional[float]:
         if self.timeout:
@@ -208,10 +257,10 @@ class View:
         """
 
         if len(self.children) > 25:
-            raise ValueError('maximum number of children exceeded')
+            raise ValueError("maximum number of children exceeded")
 
         if not isinstance(item, Item):
-            raise TypeError(f'expected Item not {item.__class__!r}')
+            raise TypeError(f"expected Item not {item.__class__!r}")
 
         self.__weights.add_item(item)
 
@@ -252,9 +301,8 @@ class View:
 
         .. note::
 
-            If an exception occurs within the body then the interaction
-            check then :meth:`on_error` is called and it is considered
-            a failure.
+            If an exception occurs within the body then the check
+            is considered a failure and :meth:`on_error` is called.
 
         Parameters
         -----------
@@ -292,36 +340,46 @@ class View:
         interaction: :class:`~discord.Interaction`
             The interaction that led to the failure.
         """
-        print(f'Ignoring exception in view {self} for item {item}:', file=sys.stderr)
+        print(f"Ignoring exception in view {self} for item {item}:", file=sys.stderr)
         traceback.print_exception(error.__class__, error, error.__traceback__, file=sys.stderr)
 
-    async def _scheduled_task(self, state: Any, item: Item, interaction: Interaction):
+    async def _scheduled_task(self, item: Item, interaction: Interaction):
         try:
+            if self.timeout:
+                self.__timeout_expiry = time.monotonic() + self.timeout
+
             allow = await self.interaction_check(interaction)
             if not allow:
                 return
 
             await item.callback(interaction)
-            if not interaction.response._responded:
+            if not interaction.response.is_done():
                 await interaction.response.defer()
         except Exception as e:
             return await self.on_error(e, item, interaction)
 
-    def _start_listening(self, store: ViewStore) -> None:
-        self._cancel_callback = partial(store.remove_view)
+    def _start_listening_from_store(self, store: ViewStore) -> None:
+        self.__cancel_callback = partial(store.remove_view)
         if self.timeout:
             loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
-            self._timeout_handler = loop.call_later(self.timeout, self.dispatch_timeout)
+            if self.__timeout_task is not None:
+                self.__timeout_task.cancel()
 
-    def dispatch_timeout(self):
-        if self._stopped.done():
+            self.__timeout_expiry = time.monotonic() + self.timeout
+            self.__timeout_task = loop.create_task(self.__timeout_task_impl())
+
+    def _dispatch_timeout(self):
+        if self.__stopped.done():
             return
 
-        self._stopped.set_result(True)
-        asyncio.create_task(self.on_timeout(), name=f'discord-ui-view-timeout-{self.id}')
+        self.__stopped.set_result(True)
+        asyncio.create_task(self.on_timeout(), name=f"discord-ui-view-timeout-{self.id}")
 
-    def dispatch(self, state: Any, item: Item, interaction: Interaction):
-        asyncio.create_task(self._scheduled_task(state, item, interaction), name=f'discord-ui-view-dispatch-{self.id}')
+    def _dispatch_item(self, item: Item, interaction: Interaction):
+        if self.__stopped.done():
+            return
+
+        asyncio.create_task(self._scheduled_task(item, interaction), name=f"discord-ui-view-dispatch-{self.id}")
 
     def refresh(self, components: List[Component]):
         # This is pretty hacky at the moment
@@ -349,23 +407,25 @@ class View:
 
         This operation cannot be undone.
         """
-        if not self._stopped.done():
-            self._stopped.set_result(False)
+        if not self.__stopped.done():
+            self.__stopped.set_result(False)
 
-        if self._timeout_handler:
-            self._timeout_handler.cancel()
+        self.__timeout_expiry = None
+        if self.__timeout_task is not None:
+            self.__timeout_task.cancel()
+            self.__timeout_task = None
 
-        if self._cancel_callback:
-            self._cancel_callback(self)
-            self._cancel_callback = None
+        if self.__cancel_callback:
+            self.__cancel_callback(self)
+            self.__cancel_callback = None
 
     def is_finished(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: Whether the view has finished interacting."""
-        return self._stopped.done()
+        return self.__stopped.done()
 
     def is_dispatching(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: Whether the view has been added for dispatching purposes."""
-        return self._cancel_callback is not None
+        return self.__cancel_callback is not None
 
     def is_persistent(self) -> bool:
         """:class:`bool`: Whether the view is set up as persistent.
@@ -387,31 +447,32 @@ class View:
             If ``True``, then the view timed out. If ``False`` then
             the view finished normally.
         """
-        return await self._stopped
+        return await self.__stopped
 
 
 class ViewStore:
     def __init__(self, state: ConnectionState):
-        # (component_type, custom_id): (View, Item, Expiry)
-        self._views: Dict[Tuple[int, str], Tuple[View, Item, Optional[float]]] = {}
+        # (component_type, message_id, custom_id): (View, Item)
+        self._views: Dict[Tuple[int, Optional[int], str], Tuple[View, Item]] = {}
         # message_id: View
         self._synced_message_views: Dict[int, View] = {}
         self._state: ConnectionState = state
 
     @property
     def persistent_views(self) -> Sequence[View]:
+        # fmt: off
         views = {
             view.id: view
-            for (_, (view, _, _)) in self._views.items()
+            for (_, (view, _)) in self._views.items()
             if view.is_persistent()
         }
+        # fmt: on
         return list(views.values())
 
     def __verify_integrity(self):
-        to_remove: List[Tuple[int, str]] = []
-        now = time.monotonic()
-        for (k, (_, _, expiry)) in self._views.items():
-            if expiry is not None and now >= expiry:
+        to_remove: List[Tuple[int, Optional[int], str]] = []
+        for (k, (view, _)) in self._views.items():
+            if view.is_finished():
                 to_remove.append(k)
 
         for k in to_remove:
@@ -420,11 +481,10 @@ class ViewStore:
     def add_view(self, view: View, message_id: Optional[int] = None):
         self.__verify_integrity()
 
-        expiry = view._expires_at
-        view._start_listening(self)
+        view._start_listening_from_store(self)
         for item in view.children:
             if item.is_dispatchable():
-                self._views[(item.type.value, item.custom_id)] = (view, item, expiry)  # type: ignore
+                self._views[(item.type.value, message_id, item.custom_id)] = (view, item)  # type: ignore
 
         if message_id is not None:
             self._synced_message_views[message_id] = view
@@ -441,15 +501,17 @@ class ViewStore:
 
     def dispatch(self, component_type: int, custom_id: str, interaction: Interaction):
         self.__verify_integrity()
-        key = (component_type, custom_id)
-        value = self._views.get(key)
+        message_id: Optional[int] = interaction.message and interaction.message.id
+        key = (component_type, message_id, custom_id)
+        # Fallback to None message_id searches in case a persistent view
+        # was added without an associated message_id
+        value = self._views.get(key) or self._views.get((component_type, None, custom_id))
         if value is None:
             return
 
-        view, item, _ = value
-        self._views[key] = (view, item, view._expires_at)
+        view, item = value
         item.refresh_state(interaction)
-        view.dispatch(self._state, item, interaction)
+        view._dispatch_item(item, interaction)
 
     def is_message_tracked(self, message_id: int):
         return message_id in self._synced_message_views

discord/user.py

@@ -22,24 +22,54 @@ FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 """
 
-from typing import Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Type, TypeVar, TYPE_CHECKING
+
 import discord.abc
-from .flags import PublicUserFlags
-from .utils import snowflake_time, _bytes_to_base64_data
-from .enums import DefaultAvatar
-from .colour import Colour
 from .asset import Asset
+from .colour import Colour
+from .enums import DefaultAvatar
+from .flags import PublicUserFlags
+from .utils import snowflake_time, _bytes_to_base64_data, MISSING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from datetime import datetime
+
+    from .channel import DMChannel
+    from .guild import Guild
+    from .message import Message
+    from .state import ConnectionState
+    from .types.channel import DMChannel as DMChannelPayload
+    from .types.user import User as UserPayload
+
 
 __all__ = (
-    'User',
-    'ClientUser',
+    "User",
+    "ClientUser",
 )
 
-_BaseUser = discord.abc.User
+BU = TypeVar("BU", bound="BaseUser")
 
 
-class BaseUser(_BaseUser):
-    __slots__ = ('name', 'id', 'discriminator', '_avatar', 'bot', 'system', '_public_flags', '_state')
+class _UserTag:
+    __slots__ = ()
+    id: int
+
+
+class BaseUser(_UserTag):
+    __slots__ = (
+        "name",
+        "id",
+        "discriminator",
+        "_avatar",
+        "_banner",
+        "_accent_colour",
+        "bot",
+        "system",
+        "_public_flags",
+        "_state",
+    )
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         name: str
@@ -47,84 +77,150 @@ class BaseUser(_BaseUser):
         discriminator: str
         bot: bool
         system: bool
+        _state: ConnectionState
+        _avatar: Optional[str]
+        _banner: Optional[str]
+        _accent_colour: Optional[int]
+        _public_flags: int
 
-    def __init__(self, *, state, data):
+    def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: UserPayload) -> None:
         self._state = state
         self._update(data)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
             f"<BaseUser id={self.id} name={self.name!r} discriminator={self.discriminator!r}"
             f" bot={self.bot} system={self.system}>"
         )
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return f'{self.name}#{self.discriminator}'
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.name}#{self.discriminator}"
 
-    def __eq__(self, other):
-        return isinstance(other, _BaseUser) and other.id == self.id
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
+        return self.id
 
-    def __ne__(self, other):
+    def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
+        return isinstance(other, _UserTag) and other.id == self.id
+
+    def __ne__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
         return not self.__eq__(other)
 
-    def __hash__(self):
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return self.id >> 22
 
-    def _update(self, data):
-        self.name = data['username']
-        self.id = int(data['id'])
-        self.discriminator = data['discriminator']
-        self._avatar = data['avatar']
-        self._public_flags = data.get('public_flags', 0)
-        self.bot = data.get('bot', False)
-        self.system = data.get('system', False)
+    def _update(self, data: UserPayload) -> None:
+        self.name = data["username"]
+        self.id = int(data["id"])
+        self.discriminator = data["discriminator"]
+        self._avatar = data["avatar"]
+        self._banner = data.get("banner", None)
+        self._accent_colour = data.get("accent_color", None)
+        self._public_flags = data.get("public_flags", 0)
+        self.bot = data.get("bot", False)
+        self.system = data.get("system", False)
 
     @classmethod
-    def _copy(cls, user):
+    def _copy(cls: Type[BU], user: BU) -> BU:
         self = cls.__new__(cls)  # bypass __init__
 
         self.name = user.name
         self.id = user.id
         self.discriminator = user.discriminator
         self._avatar = user._avatar
+        self._banner = user._banner
+        self._accent_colour = user._accent_colour
         self.bot = user.bot
         self._state = user._state
         self._public_flags = user._public_flags
 
         return self
 
-    def _to_minimal_user_json(self):
+    def _to_minimal_user_json(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         return {
-            'username': self.name,
-            'id': self.id,
-            'avatar': self._avatar,
-            'discriminator': self.discriminator,
-            'bot': self.bot,
+            "username": self.name,
+            "id": self.id,
+            "avatar": self._avatar,
+            "discriminator": self.discriminator,
+            "bot": self.bot,
         }
 
     @property
-    def public_flags(self):
+    def public_flags(self) -> PublicUserFlags:
         """:class:`PublicUserFlags`: The publicly available flags the user has."""
         return PublicUserFlags._from_value(self._public_flags)
 
     @property
-    def avatar(self):
-        """:class:`Asset`: Returns an :class:`Asset` for the avatar the user has.
+    def avatar(self) -> Optional[Asset]:
+        """Optional[:class:`Asset`]: Returns an :class:`Asset` for the avatar the user has.
 
-        If the user does not have a traditional avatar, an asset for
-        the default avatar is returned instead.
+        If the user does not have a traditional avatar, ``None`` is returned.
+        If you want the avatar that a user has displayed, consider :attr:`display_avatar`.
         """
-        if self._avatar is None:
-            return Asset._from_default_avatar(self._state, int(self.discriminator) % len(DefaultAvatar))
-        else:
+        if self._avatar is not None:
             return Asset._from_avatar(self._state, self.id, self._avatar)
+        return None
+
     @property
-    def default_avatar(self):
+    def default_avatar(self) -> Asset:
         """:class:`Asset`: Returns the default avatar for a given user. This is calculated by the user's discriminator."""
         return Asset._from_default_avatar(self._state, int(self.discriminator) % len(DefaultAvatar))
 
     @property
-    def colour(self):
+    def display_avatar(self) -> Asset:
+        """:class:`Asset`: Returns the user's display avatar.
+
+        For regular users this is just their default avatar or uploaded avatar.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+        """
+        return self.avatar or self.default_avatar
+
+    @property
+    def banner(self) -> Optional[Asset]:
+        """Optional[:class:`Asset`]: Returns the user's banner asset, if available.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+
+        .. note::
+            This information is only available via :meth:`Client.fetch_user`.
+        """
+        if self._banner is None:
+            return None
+        return Asset._from_user_banner(self._state, self.id, self._banner)
+
+    @property
+    def accent_colour(self) -> Optional[Colour]:
+        """Optional[:class:`Colour`]: Returns the user's accent colour, if applicable.
+
+        There is an alias for this named :attr:`accent_color`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        .. note::
+
+            This information is only available via :meth:`Client.fetch_user`.
+        """
+        if self._accent_colour is None:
+            return None
+        return Colour(self._accent_colour)
+
+    @property
+    def accent_color(self) -> Optional[Colour]:
+        """Optional[:class:`Colour`]: Returns the user's accent color, if applicable.
+
+        There is an alias for this named :attr:`accent_colour`.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        .. note::
+
+            This information is only available via :meth:`Client.fetch_user`.
+        """
+        return self.accent_colour
+
+    @property
+    def colour(self) -> Colour:
         """:class:`Colour`: A property that returns a colour denoting the rendered colour
         for the user. This always returns :meth:`Colour.default`.
 
@@ -133,7 +229,7 @@ class BaseUser(_BaseUser):
         return Colour.default()
 
     @property
-    def color(self):
+    def color(self) -> Colour:
         """:class:`Colour`: A property that returns a color denoting the rendered color
         for the user. This always returns :meth:`Colour.default`.
 
@@ -142,12 +238,12 @@ class BaseUser(_BaseUser):
         return self.colour
 
     @property
-    def mention(self):
+    def mention(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: Returns a string that allows you to mention the given user."""
-        return f'<@{self.id}>'
+        return f"<@{self.id}>"
 
     @property
-    def created_at(self):
+    def created_at(self) -> datetime:
         """:class:`datetime.datetime`: Returns the user's creation time in UTC.
 
         This is when the user's Discord account was created.
@@ -155,7 +251,7 @@ class BaseUser(_BaseUser):
         return snowflake_time(self.id)
 
     @property
-    def display_name(self):
+    def display_name(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: Returns the user's display name.
 
         For regular users this is just their username, but
@@ -164,7 +260,7 @@ class BaseUser(_BaseUser):
         """
         return self.name
 
-    def mentioned_in(self, message):
+    def mentioned_in(self, message: Message) -> bool:
         """Checks if the user is mentioned in the specified message.
 
         Parameters
@@ -228,26 +324,32 @@ class ClientUser(BaseUser):
         Specifies if the user has MFA turned on and working.
     """
 
-    __slots__ = BaseUser.__slots__ + ('locale', '_flags', 'verified', 'mfa_enabled', '__weakref__')
+    __slots__ = ("locale", "_flags", "verified", "mfa_enabled", "__weakref__")
 
-    def __init__(self, *, state, data):
+    if TYPE_CHECKING:
+        verified: bool
+        locale: Optional[str]
+        mfa_enabled: bool
+        _flags: int
+
+    def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: UserPayload) -> None:
         super().__init__(state=state, data=data)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
         return (
-            f'<ClientUser id={self.id} name={self.name!r} discriminator={self.discriminator!r}'
-            f' bot={self.bot} verified={self.verified} mfa_enabled={self.mfa_enabled}>'
+            f"<ClientUser id={self.id} name={self.name!r} discriminator={self.discriminator!r}"
+            f" bot={self.bot} verified={self.verified} mfa_enabled={self.mfa_enabled}>"
         )
 
-    def _update(self, data):
+    def _update(self, data: UserPayload) -> None:
         super()._update(data)
         # There's actually an Optional[str] phone field as well but I won't use it
-        self.verified = data.get('verified', False)
-        self.locale = data.get('locale')
-        self._flags = data.get('flags', 0)
-        self.mfa_enabled = data.get('mfa_enabled', False)
+        self.verified = data.get("verified", False)
+        self.locale = data.get("locale")
+        self._flags = data.get("flags", 0)
+        self.mfa_enabled = data.get("mfa_enabled", False)
 
-    async def edit(self, *, username: str = None, avatar:  Optional[bytes] = None) -> None:
+    async def edit(self, *, username: str = MISSING, avatar: bytes = MISSING) -> ClientUser:
         """|coro|
 
         Edits the current profile of the client.
@@ -261,6 +363,9 @@ class ClientUser(BaseUser):
 
             The only image formats supported for uploading is JPEG and PNG.
 
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+            The edit is no longer in-place, instead the newly edited client user is returned.
+
         Parameters
         -----------
         username: :class:`str`
@@ -275,13 +380,21 @@ class ClientUser(BaseUser):
             Editing your profile failed.
         InvalidArgument
             Wrong image format passed for ``avatar``.
+
+        Returns
+        ---------
+        :class:`ClientUser`
+            The newly edited client user.
         """
+        payload: Dict[str, Any] = {}
+        if username is not MISSING:
+            payload["username"] = username
 
-        if avatar is not None:
-            avatar = _bytes_to_base64_data(avatar)
+        if avatar is not MISSING:
+            payload["avatar"] = _bytes_to_base64_data(avatar)
 
-        data = await self._state.http.edit_profile(username=username, avatar=avatar)
-        self._update(data)
+        data: UserPayload = await self._state.http.edit_profile(payload)
+        return ClientUser(state=self._state, data=data)
 
 
 class User(BaseUser, discord.abc.Messageable):
@@ -305,6 +418,10 @@ class User(BaseUser, discord.abc.Messageable):
 
             Returns the user's name with discriminator.
 
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the user's ID.
+
     Attributes
     -----------
     name: :class:`str`
@@ -319,17 +436,34 @@ class User(BaseUser, discord.abc.Messageable):
         Specifies if the user is a system user (i.e. represents Discord officially).
     """
 
-    __slots__ = BaseUser.__slots__ + ('__weakref__',)
+    __slots__ = ("_stored",)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<User id={self.id} name={self.name!r} discriminator={self.discriminator!r} bot={self.bot}>'
+    def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: UserPayload) -> None:
+        super().__init__(state=state, data=data)
+        self._stored: bool = False
 
-    async def _get_channel(self):
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"<User id={self.id} name={self.name!r} discriminator={self.discriminator!r} bot={self.bot}>"
+
+    def __del__(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            if self._stored:
+                self._state.deref_user(self.id)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _copy(cls, user: User):
+        self = super()._copy(user)
+        self._stored = False
+        return self
+
+    async def _get_channel(self) -> DMChannel:
         ch = await self.create_dm()
         return ch
 
     @property
-    def dm_channel(self):
+    def dm_channel(self) -> Optional[DMChannel]:
         """Optional[:class:`DMChannel`]: Returns the channel associated with this user if it exists.
 
         If this returns ``None``, you can create a DM channel by calling the
@@ -338,7 +472,7 @@ class User(BaseUser, discord.abc.Messageable):
         return self._state._get_private_channel_by_user(self.id)
 
     @property
-    def mutual_guilds(self):
+    def mutual_guilds(self) -> List[Guild]:
         """List[:class:`Guild`]: The guilds that the user shares with the client.
 
         .. note::
@@ -349,7 +483,7 @@ class User(BaseUser, discord.abc.Messageable):
         """
         return [guild for guild in self._state._guilds.values() if guild.get_member(self.id)]
 
-    async def create_dm(self):
+    async def create_dm(self) -> DMChannel:
         """|coro|
 
         Creates a :class:`DMChannel` with this user.
@@ -367,5 +501,5 @@ class User(BaseUser, discord.abc.Messageable):
             return found
 
         state = self._state
-        data = await state.http.start_private_message(self.id)
+        data: DMChannelPayload = await state.http.start_private_message(self.id)
         return state.add_dm_channel(data)

discord/utils.py

@@ -63,18 +63,27 @@ import warnings
 
 from .errors import InvalidArgument
 
+try:
+    import orjson
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    HAS_ORJSON = False
+else:
+    HAS_ORJSON = True
+
+
 __all__ = (
-    'oauth_url',
-    'snowflake_time',
-    'time_snowflake',
-    'find',
-    'get',
-    'sleep_until',
-    'utcnow',
-    'remove_markdown',
-    'escape_markdown',
-    'escape_mentions',
-    'as_chunks',
+    "oauth_url",
+    "snowflake_time",
+    "time_snowflake",
+    "find",
+    "get",
+    "sleep_until",
+    "utcnow",
+    "remove_markdown",
+    "escape_markdown",
+    "escape_mentions",
+    "as_chunks",
+    "format_dt",
 )
 
 DISCORD_EPOCH = 1420070400000
@@ -88,7 +97,7 @@ class _MissingSentinel:
         return False
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return '...'
+        return "..."
 
 
 MISSING: Any = _MissingSentinel()
@@ -97,7 +106,7 @@ MISSING: Any = _MissingSentinel()
 class _cached_property:
     def __init__(self, function):
         self.function = function
-        self.__doc__ = getattr(function, '__doc__')
+        self.__doc__ = getattr(function, "__doc__")
 
     def __get__(self, instance, owner):
         if instance is None:
@@ -111,6 +120,9 @@ class _cached_property:
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from functools import cached_property as cached_property
+
+    from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
+
     from .permissions import Permissions
     from .abc import Snowflake
     from .invite import Invite
@@ -119,13 +131,14 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     class _RequestLike(Protocol):
         headers: Mapping[str, Any]
 
+    P = ParamSpec("P")
 
 else:
     cached_property = _cached_property
 
 
-T = TypeVar('T')
-T_co = TypeVar('T_co', covariant=True)
+T = TypeVar("T")
+T_co = TypeVar("T_co", covariant=True)
 _Iter = Union[Iterator[T], AsyncIterator[T]]
 
 
@@ -133,7 +146,7 @@ class CachedSlotProperty(Generic[T, T_co]):
     def __init__(self, name: str, function: Callable[[T], T_co]) -> None:
         self.name = name
         self.function = function
-        self.__doc__ = getattr(function, '__doc__')
+        self.__doc__ = getattr(function, "__doc__")
 
     @overload
     def __get__(self, instance: None, owner: Type[T]) -> CachedSlotProperty[T, T_co]:
@@ -163,7 +176,7 @@ class classproperty(Generic[T_co]):
         return self.fget(owner)
 
     def __set__(self, instance, value) -> None:
-        raise AttributeError('cannot set attribute')
+        raise AttributeError("cannot set attribute")
 
 
 def cached_slot_property(name: str) -> Callable[[Callable[[T], T_co]], CachedSlotProperty[T, T_co]]:
@@ -222,8 +235,8 @@ def parse_time(timestamp: Optional[str]) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]:
     return None
 
 
-def copy_doc(original: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Callable[..., Any]]:
-    def decorator(overriden: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+def copy_doc(original: Callable) -> Callable[[T], T]:
+    def decorator(overriden: T) -> T:
         overriden.__doc__ = original.__doc__
         overriden.__signature__ = _signature(original)  # type: ignore
         return overriden
@@ -231,18 +244,18 @@ def copy_doc(original: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Cal
     return decorator
 
 
-def deprecated(instead: Optional[str] = None) -> Callable[[Callable[..., T]], Callable[..., T]]:
-    def actual_decorator(func: Callable[..., T]) -> Callable[..., T]:
+def deprecated(instead: Optional[str] = None) -> Callable[[Callable[P, T]], Callable[P, T]]:
+    def actual_decorator(func: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]:
         @functools.wraps(func)
-        def decorated(*args, **kwargs) -> T:
-            warnings.simplefilter('always', DeprecationWarning)  # turn off filter
+        def decorated(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
+            warnings.simplefilter("always", DeprecationWarning)  # turn off filter
             if instead:
                 fmt = "{0.__name__} is deprecated, use {1} instead."
             else:
-                fmt = '{0.__name__} is deprecated.'
+                fmt = "{0.__name__} is deprecated."
 
             warnings.warn(fmt.format(func, instead), stacklevel=3, category=DeprecationWarning)
-            warnings.simplefilter('default', DeprecationWarning)  # reset filter
+            warnings.simplefilter("default", DeprecationWarning)  # reset filter
             return func(*args, **kwargs)
 
         return decorated
@@ -251,18 +264,20 @@ def deprecated(instead: Optional[str] = None) -> Callable[[Callable[..., T]], Ca
 
 
 def oauth_url(
-    client_id: str,
-    permissions: Optional[Permissions] = None,
-    guild: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
-    redirect_uri: Optional[str] = None,
-    scopes: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
-):
+    client_id: Union[int, str],
+    *,
+    permissions: Permissions = MISSING,
+    guild: Snowflake = MISSING,
+    redirect_uri: str = MISSING,
+    scopes: Iterable[str] = MISSING,
+    disable_guild_select: bool = False,
+) -> str:
     """A helper function that returns the OAuth2 URL for inviting the bot
     into guilds.
 
     Parameters
     -----------
-    client_id: :class:`str`
+    client_id: Union[:class:`int`, :class:`str`]
         The client ID for your bot.
     permissions: :class:`~discord.Permissions`
         The permissions you're requesting. If not given then you won't be requesting any
@@ -275,22 +290,28 @@ def oauth_url(
         An optional valid list of scopes. Defaults to ``('bot',)``.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.7
+    disable_guild_select: :class:`bool`
+        Whether to disallow the user from changing the guild dropdown.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
     Returns
     --------
     :class:`str`
         The OAuth2 URL for inviting the bot into guilds.
     """
-    url = f'https://discord.com/oauth2/authorize?client_id={client_id}'
-    url = url + '&scope=' + '+'.join(scopes or ('bot',))
-    if permissions is not None:
-        url = url + '&permissions=' + str(permissions.value)
-    if guild is not None:
-        url = url + "&guild_id=" + str(guild.id)
-    if redirect_uri is not None:
+    url = f"https://discord.com/oauth2/authorize?client_id={client_id}"
+    url += "&scope=" + "+".join(scopes or ("bot",))
+    if permissions is not MISSING:
+        url += f"&permissions={permissions.value}"
+    if guild is not MISSING:
+        url += f"&guild_id={guild.id}"
+    if redirect_uri is not MISSING:
         from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
-        url = url + "&response_type=code&" + urlencode({'redirect_uri': redirect_uri})
+        url += "&response_type=code&" + urlencode({"redirect_uri": redirect_uri})
+    if disable_guild_select:
+        url += "&disable_guild_select=true"
     return url
 
 
@@ -307,7 +328,7 @@ def snowflake_time(id: int) -> datetime.datetime:
         An aware datetime in UTC representing the creation time of the snowflake.
     """
     timestamp = ((id >> 22) + DISCORD_EPOCH) / 1000
-    return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(timestamp).replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+    return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
 
 
 def time_snowflake(dt: datetime.datetime, high: bool = False) -> int:
@@ -413,13 +434,13 @@ def get(iterable: Iterable[T], **attrs: Any) -> Optional[T]:
     # Special case the single element call
     if len(attrs) == 1:
         k, v = attrs.popitem()
-        pred = attrget(k.replace('__', '.'))
+        pred = attrget(k.replace("__", "."))
         for elem in iterable:
             if pred(elem) == v:
                 return elem
         return None
 
-    converted = [(attrget(attr.replace('__', '.')), value) for attr, value in attrs.items()]
+    converted = [(attrget(attr.replace("__", ".")), value) for attr, value in attrs.items()]
 
     for elem in iterable:
         if _all(pred(elem) == value for pred, value in converted):
@@ -441,35 +462,46 @@ def _get_as_snowflake(data: Any, key: str) -> Optional[int]:
 
 
 def _get_mime_type_for_image(data: bytes):
-    if data.startswith(b'\x89\x50\x4E\x47\x0D\x0A\x1A\x0A'):
-        return 'image/png'
-    elif data[0:3] == b'\xff\xd8\xff' or data[6:10] in (b'JFIF', b'Exif'):
-        return 'image/jpeg'
-    elif data.startswith((b'\x47\x49\x46\x38\x37\x61', b'\x47\x49\x46\x38\x39\x61')):
-        return 'image/gif'
-    elif data.startswith(b'RIFF') and data[8:12] == b'WEBP':
-        return 'image/webp'
+    if data.startswith(b"\x89\x50\x4E\x47\x0D\x0A\x1A\x0A"):
+        return "image/png"
+    elif data[0:3] == b"\xff\xd8\xff" or data[6:10] in (b"JFIF", b"Exif"):
+        return "image/jpeg"
+    elif data.startswith((b"\x47\x49\x46\x38\x37\x61", b"\x47\x49\x46\x38\x39\x61")):
+        return "image/gif"
+    elif data.startswith(b"RIFF") and data[8:12] == b"WEBP":
+        return "image/webp"
     else:
-        raise InvalidArgument('Unsupported image type given')
+        raise InvalidArgument("Unsupported image type given")
 
 
 def _bytes_to_base64_data(data: bytes) -> str:
-    fmt = 'data:{mime};base64,{data}'
+    fmt = "data:{mime};base64,{data}"
     mime = _get_mime_type_for_image(data)
-    b64 = b64encode(data).decode('ascii')
+    b64 = b64encode(data).decode("ascii")
     return fmt.format(mime=mime, data=b64)
 
 
-def to_json(obj: Any) -> str:
-    return json.dumps(obj, separators=(',', ':'), ensure_ascii=True)
+if HAS_ORJSON:
+
+    def _to_json(obj: Any) -> str:  # type: ignore
+        return orjson.dumps(obj).decode("utf-8")
+
+    _from_json = orjson.loads  # type: ignore
+
+else:
+
+    def _to_json(obj: Any) -> str:
+        return json.dumps(obj, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=True)
+
+    _from_json = json.loads
 
 
 def _parse_ratelimit_header(request: Any, *, use_clock: bool = False) -> float:
-    reset_after: Optional[str] = request.headers.get('X-Ratelimit-Reset-After')
+    reset_after: Optional[str] = request.headers.get("X-Ratelimit-Reset-After")
     if use_clock or not reset_after:
         utc = datetime.timezone.utc
         now = datetime.datetime.now(utc)
-        reset = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(float(request.headers['X-Ratelimit-Reset']), utc)
+        reset = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(float(request.headers["X-Ratelimit-Reset"]), utc)
         return (reset - now).total_seconds()
     else:
         return float(reset_after)
@@ -579,7 +611,7 @@ class SnowflakeList(array.array):
             ...
 
     def __new__(cls, data: Iterable[int], *, is_sorted: bool = False):
-        return array.array.__new__(cls, 'Q', data if is_sorted else sorted(data))  # type: ignore
+        return array.array.__new__(cls, "Q", data if is_sorted else sorted(data))  # type: ignore
 
     def add(self, element: int) -> None:
         i = bisect_left(self, element)
@@ -594,7 +626,7 @@ class SnowflakeList(array.array):
         return i != len(self) and self[i] == element
 
 
-_IS_ASCII = re.compile(r'^[\x00-\x7f]+$')
+_IS_ASCII = re.compile(r"^[\x00-\x7f]+$")
 
 
 def _string_width(string: str, *, _IS_ASCII=_IS_ASCII) -> int:
@@ -603,7 +635,7 @@ def _string_width(string: str, *, _IS_ASCII=_IS_ASCII) -> int:
     if match:
         return match.endpos
 
-    UNICODE_WIDE_CHAR_TYPE = 'WFA'
+    UNICODE_WIDE_CHAR_TYPE = "WFA"
     func = unicodedata.east_asian_width
     return sum(2 if func(char) in UNICODE_WIDE_CHAR_TYPE else 1 for char in string)
 
@@ -627,7 +659,7 @@ def resolve_invite(invite: Union[Invite, str]) -> str:
     if isinstance(invite, Invite):
         return invite.code
     else:
-        rx = r'(?:https?\:\/\/)?discord(?:\.gg|(?:app)?\.com\/invite)\/(.+)'
+        rx = r"(?:https?\:\/\/)?discord(?:\.gg|(?:app)?\.com\/invite)\/(.+)"
         m = re.match(rx, invite)
         if m:
             return m.group(1)
@@ -655,22 +687,24 @@ def resolve_template(code: Union[Template, str]) -> str:
     if isinstance(code, Template):
         return code.code
     else:
-        rx = r'(?:https?\:\/\/)?discord(?:\.new|(?:app)?\.com\/template)\/(.+)'
+        rx = r"(?:https?\:\/\/)?discord(?:\.new|(?:app)?\.com\/template)\/(.+)"
         m = re.match(rx, code)
         if m:
             return m.group(1)
     return code
 
 
-_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_SUBREGEX = '|'.join(r'\{0}(?=([\s\S]*((?<!\{0})\{0})))'.format(c) for c in ('*', '`', '_', '~', '|'))
+_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_SUBREGEX = "|".join(r"\{0}(?=([\s\S]*((?<!\{0})\{0})))".format(c) for c in ("*", "`", "_", "~", "|"))
 
-_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_COMMON = r'^>(?:>>)?\s|\[.+\]\(.+\)'
+_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_COMMON = r"^>(?:>>)?\s|\[.+\]\(.+\)"
 
-_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_REGEX = re.compile(fr'(?P<markdown>{_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_SUBREGEX}|{_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_COMMON})', re.MULTILINE)
+_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_REGEX = re.compile(
+    fr"(?P<markdown>{_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_SUBREGEX}|{_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_COMMON})", re.MULTILINE
+)
 
-_URL_REGEX = r'(?P<url><[^: >]+:\/[^ >]+>|(?:https?|steam):\/\/[^\s<]+[^<.,:;\"\'\]\s])'
+_URL_REGEX = r"(?P<url><[^: >]+:\/[^ >]+>|(?:https?|steam):\/\/[^\s<]+[^<.,:;\"\'\]\s])"
 
-_MARKDOWN_STOCK_REGEX = fr'(?P<markdown>[_\\~|\*`]|{_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_COMMON})'
+_MARKDOWN_STOCK_REGEX = fr"(?P<markdown>[_\\~|\*`]|{_MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_COMMON})"
 
 
 def remove_markdown(text: str, *, ignore_links: bool = True) -> str:
@@ -699,11 +733,11 @@ def remove_markdown(text: str, *, ignore_links: bool = True) -> str:
 
     def replacement(match):
         groupdict = match.groupdict()
-        return groupdict.get('url', '')
+        return groupdict.get("url", "")
 
     regex = _MARKDOWN_STOCK_REGEX
     if ignore_links:
-        regex = f'(?:{_URL_REGEX}|{regex})'
+        regex = f"(?:{_URL_REGEX}|{regex})"
     return re.sub(regex, replacement, text, 0, re.MULTILINE)
 
 
@@ -736,18 +770,18 @@ def escape_markdown(text: str, *, as_needed: bool = False, ignore_links: bool =
 
         def replacement(match):
             groupdict = match.groupdict()
-            is_url = groupdict.get('url')
+            is_url = groupdict.get("url")
             if is_url:
                 return is_url
-            return '\\' + groupdict['markdown']
+            return "\\" + groupdict["markdown"]
 
         regex = _MARKDOWN_STOCK_REGEX
         if ignore_links:
-            regex = f'(?:{_URL_REGEX}|{regex})'
+            regex = f"(?:{_URL_REGEX}|{regex})"
         return re.sub(regex, replacement, text, 0, re.MULTILINE)
     else:
-        text = re.sub(r'\\', r'\\\\', text)
-        return _MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_REGEX.sub(r'\\\1', text)
+        text = re.sub(r"\\", r"\\\\", text)
+        return _MARKDOWN_ESCAPE_REGEX.sub(r"\\\1", text)
 
 
 def escape_mentions(text: str) -> str:
@@ -773,7 +807,7 @@ def escape_mentions(text: str) -> str:
     :class:`str`
         The text with the mentions removed.
     """
-    return re.sub(r'@(everyone|here|[!&]?[0-9]{17,20})', '@\u200b\\1', text)
+    return re.sub(r"@(everyone|here|[!&]?[0-9]{17,20})", "@\u200b\\1", text)
 
 
 def _chunk(iterator: Iterator[T], max_size: int) -> Iterator[List[T]]:
@@ -837,7 +871,7 @@ def as_chunks(iterator: _Iter[T], max_size: int) -> _Iter[List[T]]:
         A new iterator which yields chunks of a given size.
     """
     if max_size <= 0:
-        raise ValueError('Chunk sizes must be greater than 0.')
+        raise ValueError("Chunk sizes must be greater than 0.")
 
     if isinstance(iterator, AsyncIterator):
         return _achunk(iterator, max_size)
@@ -883,12 +917,12 @@ def evaluate_annotation(
         cache[tp] = evaluated
         return evaluate_annotation(evaluated, globals, locals, cache)
 
-    if hasattr(tp, '__args__'):
+    if hasattr(tp, "__args__"):
         implicit_str = True
         is_literal = False
         args = tp.__args__
-        if not hasattr(tp, '__origin__'):
-            if PY_310 and tp.__class__ is types.Union:
+        if not hasattr(tp, "__origin__"):
+            if PY_310 and tp.__class__ is types.UnionType:  # type: ignore
                 converted = Union[args]  # type: ignore
                 return evaluate_annotation(converted, globals, locals, cache)
 
@@ -905,10 +939,12 @@ def evaluate_annotation(
             implicit_str = False
             is_literal = True
 
-        evaluated_args = tuple(evaluate_annotation(arg, globals, locals, cache, implicit_str=implicit_str) for arg in args)
+        evaluated_args = tuple(
+            evaluate_annotation(arg, globals, locals, cache, implicit_str=implicit_str) for arg in args
+        )
 
         if is_literal and not all(isinstance(x, (str, int, bool, type(None))) for x in evaluated_args):
-            raise TypeError('Literal arguments must be of type str, int, bool, or NoneType.')
+            raise TypeError("Literal arguments must be of type str, int, bool, or NoneType.")
 
         if evaluated_args == args:
             return tp
@@ -936,3 +972,51 @@ def resolve_annotation(
     if cache is None:
         cache = {}
     return evaluate_annotation(annotation, globalns, locals, cache)
+
+
+TimestampStyle = Literal["f", "F", "d", "D", "t", "T", "R"]
+
+
+def format_dt(dt: datetime.datetime, /, style: Optional[TimestampStyle] = None) -> str:
+    """A helper function to format a :class:`datetime.datetime` for presentation within Discord.
+
+    This allows for a locale-independent way of presenting data using Discord specific Markdown.
+
+    +-------------+----------------------------+-----------------+
+    |    Style    |       Example Output       |   Description   |
+    +=============+============================+=================+
+    | t           | 22:57                      | Short Time      |
+    +-------------+----------------------------+-----------------+
+    | T           | 22:57:58                   | Long Time       |
+    +-------------+----------------------------+-----------------+
+    | d           | 17/05/2016                 | Short Date      |
+    +-------------+----------------------------+-----------------+
+    | D           | 17 May 2016                | Long Date       |
+    +-------------+----------------------------+-----------------+
+    | f (default) | 17 May 2016 22:57          | Short Date Time |
+    +-------------+----------------------------+-----------------+
+    | F           | Tuesday, 17 May 2016 22:57 | Long Date Time  |
+    +-------------+----------------------------+-----------------+
+    | R           | 5 years ago                | Relative Time   |
+    +-------------+----------------------------+-----------------+
+
+    Note that the exact output depends on the user's locale setting in the client. The example output
+    presented is using the ``en-GB`` locale.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    Parameters
+    -----------
+    dt: :class:`datetime.datetime`
+        The datetime to format.
+    style: :class:`str`
+        The style to format the datetime with.
+
+    Returns
+    --------
+    :class:`str`
+        The formatted string.
+    """
+    if style is None:
+        return f"<t:{int(dt.timestamp())}>"
+    return f"<t:{int(dt.timestamp())}:{style}>"

discord/voice_client.py

@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
-"""
 
-"""Some documentation to refer to:
+
+Some documentation to refer to:
 
 - Our main web socket (mWS) sends opcode 4 with a guild ID and channel ID.
 - The mWS receives VOICE_STATE_UPDATE and VOICE_SERVER_UPDATE.
@@ -37,31 +37,54 @@ DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 - Finally we can transmit data to endpoint:port.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import socket
 import logging
 import struct
 import threading
-from typing import Any, Callable
+from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING, Tuple
 
 from . import opus, utils
 from .backoff import ExponentialBackoff
 from .gateway import *
 from .errors import ClientException, ConnectionClosed
 from .player import AudioPlayer, AudioSource
+from .utils import MISSING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .client import Client
+    from .guild import Guild
+    from .state import ConnectionState
+    from .user import ClientUser
+    from .opus import Encoder
+    from . import abc
+
+    from .types.voice import (
+        GuildVoiceState as GuildVoiceStatePayload,
+        VoiceServerUpdate as VoiceServerUpdatePayload,
+        SupportedModes,
+    )
+
+
+has_nacl: bool
 
 try:
-    import nacl.secret
+    import nacl.secret  # type: ignore
+
     has_nacl = True
 except ImportError:
     has_nacl = False
 
 __all__ = (
-    'VoiceProtocol',
-    'VoiceClient',
+    "VoiceProtocol",
+    "VoiceClient",
 )
 
-log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
 
 class VoiceProtocol:
     """A class that represents the Discord voice protocol.
@@ -84,11 +107,11 @@ class VoiceProtocol:
         The voice channel that is being connected to.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, client, channel):
-        self.client = client
-        self.channel = channel
+    def __init__(self, client: Client, channel: abc.Connectable) -> None:
+        self.client: Client = client
+        self.channel: abc.Connectable = channel
 
-    async def on_voice_state_update(self, data):
+    async def on_voice_state_update(self, data: GuildVoiceStatePayload) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         An abstract method that is called when the client's voice state
@@ -105,7 +128,7 @@ class VoiceProtocol:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    async def on_voice_server_update(self, data):
+    async def on_voice_server_update(self, data: VoiceServerUpdatePayload) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         An abstract method that is called when initially connecting to voice.
@@ -122,7 +145,7 @@ class VoiceProtocol:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    async def connect(self, *, timeout: float, reconnect: bool):
+    async def connect(self, *, timeout: float, reconnect: bool) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         An abstract method called when the client initiates the connection request.
@@ -145,7 +168,7 @@ class VoiceProtocol:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    async def disconnect(self, *, force: bool):
+    async def disconnect(self, *, force: bool) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         An abstract method called when the client terminates the connection.
@@ -159,7 +182,7 @@ class VoiceProtocol:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def cleanup(self):
+    def cleanup(self) -> None:
         """This method *must* be called to ensure proper clean-up during a disconnect.
 
         It is advisable to call this from within :meth:`disconnect` when you are
@@ -172,6 +195,7 @@ class VoiceProtocol:
         key_id, _ = self.channel._get_voice_client_key()
         self.client._connection._remove_voice_client(key_id)
 
+
 class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
     """Represents a Discord voice connection.
 
@@ -198,48 +222,57 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
     loop: :class:`asyncio.AbstractEventLoop`
         The event loop that the voice client is running on.
     """
-    def __init__(self, client, channel):
+
+    endpoint_ip: str
+    voice_port: int
+    secret_key: List[int]
+    ssrc: int
+
+    def __init__(self, client: Client, channel: abc.Connectable):
         if not has_nacl:
             raise RuntimeError("PyNaCl library needed in order to use voice")
 
         super().__init__(client, channel)
         state = client._connection
-        self.token = None
-        self.socket = None
-        self.loop = state.loop
-        self._state = state
+        self.token: str = MISSING
+        self.socket = MISSING
+        self.loop: asyncio.AbstractEventLoop = state.loop
+        self._state: ConnectionState = state
         # this will be used in the AudioPlayer thread
-        self._connected = threading.Event()
+        self._connected: threading.Event = threading.Event()
 
-        self._handshaking = False
-        self._potentially_reconnecting = False
-        self._voice_state_complete = asyncio.Event()
-        self._voice_server_complete = asyncio.Event()
+        self._handshaking: bool = False
+        self._potentially_reconnecting: bool = False
+        self._voice_state_complete: asyncio.Event = asyncio.Event()
+        self._voice_server_complete: asyncio.Event = asyncio.Event()
 
-        self.mode = None
-        self._connections = 0
-        self.sequence = 0
-        self.timestamp = 0
-        self._runner = None
-        self._player = None
-        self.encoder = None
-        self._lite_nonce = 0
-        self.ws = None
+        self.mode: str = MISSING
+        self._connections: int = 0
+        self.sequence: int = 0
+        self.timestamp: int = 0
+        self.timeout: float = 0
+        self._runner: asyncio.Task = MISSING
+        self._player: Optional[AudioPlayer] = None
+        self.encoder: Encoder = MISSING
+        self._lite_nonce: int = 0
+        self.ws: DiscordVoiceWebSocket = MISSING
+        self.ip: str = MISSING
+        self.port: Tuple[Any, ...] = MISSING
 
     warn_nacl = not has_nacl
-    supported_modes = (
-        'xsalsa20_poly1305_lite',
-        'xsalsa20_poly1305_suffix',
-        'xsalsa20_poly1305',
+    supported_modes: Tuple[SupportedModes, ...] = (
+        "xsalsa20_poly1305_lite",
+        "xsalsa20_poly1305_suffix",
+        "xsalsa20_poly1305",
     )
 
     @property
-    def guild(self):
+    def guild(self) -> Optional[Guild]:
         """Optional[:class:`Guild`]: The guild we're connected to, if applicable."""
-        return getattr(self.channel, 'guild', None)
+        return getattr(self.channel, "guild", None)
 
     @property
-    def user(self):
+    def user(self) -> ClientUser:
         """:class:`ClientUser`: The user connected to voice (i.e. ourselves)."""
         return self._state.user
 
@@ -252,9 +285,9 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
 
     # connection related
 
-    async def on_voice_state_update(self, data):
-        self.session_id = data['session_id']
-        channel_id = data['channel_id']
+    async def on_voice_state_update(self, data: GuildVoiceStatePayload) -> None:
+        self.session_id = data["session_id"]
+        channel_id = data["channel_id"]
 
         if not self._handshaking or self._potentially_reconnecting:
             # If we're done handshaking then we just need to update ourselves
@@ -265,31 +298,33 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
                 await self.disconnect()
             else:
                 guild = self.guild
-                self.channel = channel_id and guild and guild.get_channel(int(channel_id))
+                self.channel = channel_id and guild and guild.get_channel(int(channel_id))  # type: ignore
         else:
             self._voice_state_complete.set()
 
-    async def on_voice_server_update(self, data):
+    async def on_voice_server_update(self, data: VoiceServerUpdatePayload) -> None:
         if self._voice_server_complete.is_set():
-            log.info('Ignoring extraneous voice server update.')
+            _log.info("Ignoring extraneous voice server update.")
             return
 
-        self.token = data.get('token')
-        self.server_id = int(data['guild_id'])
-        endpoint = data.get('endpoint')
+        self.token = data.get("token")
+        self.server_id = int(data["guild_id"])
+        endpoint = data.get("endpoint")
 
         if endpoint is None or self.token is None:
-            log.warning('Awaiting endpoint... This requires waiting. ' \
-                        'If timeout occurred considering raising the timeout and reconnecting.')
+            _log.warning(
+                "Awaiting endpoint... This requires waiting. "
+                "If timeout occurred considering raising the timeout and reconnecting."
+            )
             return
 
-        self.endpoint, _, _ = endpoint.rpartition(':')
-        if self.endpoint.startswith('wss://'):
+        self.endpoint, _, _ = endpoint.rpartition(":")
+        if self.endpoint.startswith("wss://"):
             # Just in case, strip it off since we're going to add it later
             self.endpoint = self.endpoint[6:]
 
         # This gets set later
-        self.endpoint_ip = None
+        self.endpoint_ip = MISSING
 
         self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
         self.socket.setblocking(False)
@@ -301,27 +336,29 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
 
         self._voice_server_complete.set()
 
-    async def voice_connect(self):
+    async def voice_connect(self) -> None:
         await self.channel.guild.change_voice_state(channel=self.channel)
 
-    async def voice_disconnect(self):
-        log.info('The voice handshake is being terminated for Channel ID %s (Guild ID %s)', self.channel.id, self.guild.id)
+    async def voice_disconnect(self) -> None:
+        _log.info(
+            "The voice handshake is being terminated for Channel ID %s (Guild ID %s)", self.channel.id, self.guild.id
+        )
         await self.channel.guild.change_voice_state(channel=None)
 
-    def prepare_handshake(self):
+    def prepare_handshake(self) -> None:
         self._voice_state_complete.clear()
         self._voice_server_complete.clear()
         self._handshaking = True
-        log.info('Starting voice handshake... (connection attempt %d)', self._connections + 1)
+        _log.info("Starting voice handshake... (connection attempt %d)", self._connections + 1)
         self._connections += 1
 
-    def finish_handshake(self):
-        log.info('Voice handshake complete. Endpoint found %s', self.endpoint)
+    def finish_handshake(self) -> None:
+        _log.info("Voice handshake complete. Endpoint found %s", self.endpoint)
         self._handshaking = False
         self._voice_server_complete.clear()
         self._voice_state_complete.clear()
 
-    async def connect_websocket(self):
+    async def connect_websocket(self) -> DiscordVoiceWebSocket:
         ws = await DiscordVoiceWebSocket.from_client(self)
         self._connected.clear()
         while ws.secret_key is None:
@@ -329,8 +366,8 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         self._connected.set()
         return ws
 
-    async def connect(self, *, reconnect: bool, timeout: bool):
-        log.info('Connecting to voice...')
+    async def connect(self, *, reconnect: bool, timeout: float) -> None:
+        _log.info("Connecting to voice...")
         self.timeout = timeout
 
         for i in range(5):
@@ -358,17 +395,17 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
                 break
             except (ConnectionClosed, asyncio.TimeoutError):
                 if reconnect:
-                    log.exception('Failed to connect to voice... Retrying...')
+                    _log.exception("Failed to connect to voice... Retrying...")
                     await asyncio.sleep(1 + i * 2.0)
                     await self.voice_disconnect()
                     continue
                 else:
                     raise
 
-        if self._runner is None:
+        if self._runner is MISSING:
             self._runner = self.loop.create_task(self.poll_voice_ws(reconnect))
 
-    async def potential_reconnect(self):
+    async def potential_reconnect(self) -> bool:
         # Attempt to stop the player thread from playing early
         self._connected.clear()
         self.prepare_handshake()
@@ -391,7 +428,7 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
             return True
 
     @property
-    def latency(self):
+    def latency(self) -> float:
         """:class:`float`: Latency between a HEARTBEAT and a HEARTBEAT_ACK in seconds.
 
         This could be referred to as the Discord Voice WebSocket latency and is
@@ -403,7 +440,7 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         return float("inf") if not ws else ws.latency
 
     @property
-    def average_latency(self):
+    def average_latency(self) -> float:
         """:class:`float`: Average of most recent 20 HEARTBEAT latencies in seconds.
 
         .. versionadded:: 1.4
@@ -411,7 +448,7 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         ws = self.ws
         return float("inf") if not ws else ws.average_latency
 
-    async def poll_voice_ws(self, reconnect):
+    async def poll_voice_ws(self, reconnect: bool) -> None:
         backoff = ExponentialBackoff()
         while True:
             try:
@@ -423,14 +460,14 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
                     # 4014 - voice channel has been deleted.
                     # 4015 - voice server has crashed
                     if exc.code in (1000, 4015):
-                        log.info('Disconnecting from voice normally, close code %d.', exc.code)
+                        _log.info("Disconnecting from voice normally, close code %d.", exc.code)
                         await self.disconnect()
                         break
                     if exc.code == 4014:
-                        log.info('Disconnected from voice by force... potentially reconnecting.')
+                        _log.info("Disconnected from voice by force... potentially reconnecting.")
                         successful = await self.potential_reconnect()
                         if not successful:
-                            log.info('Reconnect was unsuccessful, disconnecting from voice normally...')
+                            _log.info("Reconnect was unsuccessful, disconnecting from voice normally...")
                             await self.disconnect()
                             break
                         else:
@@ -441,7 +478,7 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
                     raise
 
                 retry = backoff.delay()
-                log.exception('Disconnected from voice... Reconnecting in %.2fs.', retry)
+                _log.exception("Disconnected from voice... Reconnecting in %.2fs.", retry)
                 self._connected.clear()
                 await asyncio.sleep(retry)
                 await self.voice_disconnect()
@@ -449,10 +486,10 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
                     await self.connect(reconnect=True, timeout=self.timeout)
                 except asyncio.TimeoutError:
                     # at this point we've retried 5 times... let's continue the loop.
-                    log.warning('Could not connect to voice... Retrying...')
+                    _log.warning("Could not connect to voice... Retrying...")
                     continue
 
-    async def disconnect(self, *, force: bool = False):
+    async def disconnect(self, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Disconnects this voice client from voice.
@@ -473,7 +510,7 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
             if self.socket:
                 self.socket.close()
 
-    async def move_to(self, channel):
+    async def move_to(self, channel: abc.Snowflake) -> None:
         """|coro|
 
         Moves you to a different voice channel.
@@ -485,7 +522,7 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         """
         await self.channel.guild.change_voice_state(channel=channel)
 
-    def is_connected(self):
+    def is_connected(self) -> bool:
         """Indicates if the voice client is connected to voice."""
         return self._connected.is_set()
 
@@ -497,36 +534,36 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         # Formulate rtp header
         header[0] = 0x80
         header[1] = 0x78
-        struct.pack_into('>H', header, 2, self.sequence)
-        struct.pack_into('>I', header, 4, self.timestamp)
-        struct.pack_into('>I', header, 8, self.ssrc)
+        struct.pack_into(">H", header, 2, self.sequence)
+        struct.pack_into(">I", header, 4, self.timestamp)
+        struct.pack_into(">I", header, 8, self.ssrc)
 
-        encrypt_packet = getattr(self, '_encrypt_' + self.mode)
+        encrypt_packet = getattr(self, "_encrypt_" + self.mode)
         return encrypt_packet(header, data)
 
-    def _encrypt_xsalsa20_poly1305(self, header, data):
+    def _encrypt_xsalsa20_poly1305(self, header: bytes, data) -> bytes:
         box = nacl.secret.SecretBox(bytes(self.secret_key))
         nonce = bytearray(24)
         nonce[:12] = header
 
         return header + box.encrypt(bytes(data), bytes(nonce)).ciphertext
 
-    def _encrypt_xsalsa20_poly1305_suffix(self, header, data):
+    def _encrypt_xsalsa20_poly1305_suffix(self, header: bytes, data) -> bytes:
         box = nacl.secret.SecretBox(bytes(self.secret_key))
         nonce = nacl.utils.random(nacl.secret.SecretBox.NONCE_SIZE)
 
         return header + box.encrypt(bytes(data), nonce).ciphertext + nonce
 
-    def _encrypt_xsalsa20_poly1305_lite(self, header, data):
+    def _encrypt_xsalsa20_poly1305_lite(self, header: bytes, data) -> bytes:
         box = nacl.secret.SecretBox(bytes(self.secret_key))
         nonce = bytearray(24)
 
-        nonce[:4] = struct.pack('>I', self._lite_nonce)
-        self.checked_add('_lite_nonce', 1, 4294967295)
+        nonce[:4] = struct.pack(">I", self._lite_nonce)
+        self.checked_add("_lite_nonce", 1, 4294967295)
 
         return header + box.encrypt(bytes(data), bytes(nonce)).ciphertext + nonce[:4]
 
-    def play(self, source: AudioSource, *, after: Callable[[Exception], Any]=None):
+    def play(self, source: AudioSource, *, after: Callable[[Optional[Exception]], Any] = None) -> None:
         """Plays an :class:`AudioSource`.
 
         The finalizer, ``after`` is called after the source has been exhausted
@@ -540,7 +577,7 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         -----------
         source: :class:`AudioSource`
             The audio source we're reading from.
-        after: Callable[[:class:`Exception`], Any]
+        after: Callable[[Optional[:class:`Exception`]], Any]
             The finalizer that is called after the stream is exhausted.
             This function must have a single parameter, ``error``, that
             denotes an optional exception that was raised during playing.
@@ -556,13 +593,13 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         """
 
         if not self.is_connected():
-            raise ClientException('Not connected to voice.')
+            raise ClientException("Not connected to voice.")
 
         if self.is_playing():
-            raise ClientException('Already playing audio.')
+            raise ClientException("Already playing audio.")
 
         if not isinstance(source, AudioSource):
-            raise TypeError(f'source must an AudioSource not {source.__class__.__name__}')
+            raise TypeError(f"source must be an AudioSource not {source.__class__.__name__}")
 
         if not self.encoder and not source.is_opus():
             self.encoder = opus.Encoder()
@@ -570,32 +607,32 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         self._player = AudioPlayer(source, self, after=after)
         self._player.start()
 
-    def is_playing(self):
+    def is_playing(self) -> bool:
         """Indicates if we're currently playing audio."""
         return self._player is not None and self._player.is_playing()
 
-    def is_paused(self):
+    def is_paused(self) -> bool:
         """Indicates if we're playing audio, but if we're paused."""
         return self._player is not None and self._player.is_paused()
 
-    def stop(self):
+    def stop(self) -> None:
         """Stops playing audio."""
         if self._player:
             self._player.stop()
             self._player = None
 
-    def pause(self):
+    def pause(self) -> None:
         """Pauses the audio playing."""
         if self._player:
             self._player.pause()
 
-    def resume(self):
+    def resume(self) -> None:
         """Resumes the audio playing."""
         if self._player:
             self._player.resume()
 
     @property
-    def source(self):
+    def source(self) -> Optional[AudioSource]:
         """Optional[:class:`AudioSource`]: The audio source being played, if playing.
 
         This property can also be used to change the audio source currently being played.
@@ -603,16 +640,16 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         return self._player.source if self._player else None
 
     @source.setter
-    def source(self, value):
+    def source(self, value: AudioSource) -> None:
         if not isinstance(value, AudioSource):
-            raise TypeError(f'expected AudioSource not {value.__class__.__name__}.')
+            raise TypeError(f"expected AudioSource not {value.__class__.__name__}.")
 
         if self._player is None:
-            raise ValueError('Not playing anything.')
+            raise ValueError("Not playing anything.")
 
         self._player._set_source(value)
 
-    def send_audio_packet(self, data, *, encode=True):
+    def send_audio_packet(self, data: bytes, *, encode: bool = True) -> None:
         """Sends an audio packet composed of the data.
 
         You must be connected to play audio.
@@ -632,7 +669,7 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
             Encoding the data failed.
         """
 
-        self.checked_add('sequence', 1, 65535)
+        self.checked_add("sequence", 1, 65535)
         if encode:
             encoded_data = self.encoder.encode(data, self.encoder.SAMPLES_PER_FRAME)
         else:
@@ -641,6 +678,6 @@ class VoiceClient(VoiceProtocol):
         try:
             self.socket.sendto(packet, (self.endpoint_ip, self.voice_port))
         except BlockingIOError:
-            log.warning('A packet has been dropped (seq: %s, timestamp: %s)', self.sequence, self.timestamp)
+            _log.warning("A packet has been dropped (seq: %s, timestamp: %s)", self.sequence, self.timestamp)
 
-        self.checked_add('timestamp', opus.Encoder.SAMPLES_PER_FRAME, 4294967295)
+        self.checked_add("timestamp", opus.Encoder.SAMPLES_PER_FRAME, 4294967295)

discord/webhook/sync.py

@@ -43,16 +43,16 @@ from .. import utils
 from ..errors import InvalidArgument, HTTPException, Forbidden, NotFound, DiscordServerError
 from ..message import Message
 from ..http import Route
-from ..object import Object
+from ..channel import PartialMessageable
 
 from .async_ import BaseWebhook, handle_message_parameters, _WebhookState
 
 __all__ = (
-    'SyncWebhook',
-    'SyncWebhookMessage',
+    "SyncWebhook",
+    "SyncWebhookMessage",
 )
 
-log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from ..file import File
@@ -116,14 +116,14 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
             self._locks[bucket] = lock = threading.Lock()
 
         if payload is not None:
-            headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
-            to_send = utils.to_json(payload)
+            headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
+            to_send = utils._to_json(payload)
 
         if auth_token is not None:
-            headers['Authorization'] = f'Bot {auth_token}'
+            headers["Authorization"] = f"Bot {auth_token}"
 
         if reason is not None:
-            headers['X-Audit-Log-Reason'] = urlquote(reason, safe='/ ')
+            headers["X-Audit-Log-Reason"] = urlquote(reason, safe="/ ")
 
         response: Optional[Response] = None
         data: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], str]] = None
@@ -140,34 +140,38 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
                 if multipart:
                     file_data = {}
                     for p in multipart:
-                        name = p['name']
-                        if name == 'payload_json':
-                            to_send = { 'payload_json': p['value'] }
+                        name = p["name"]
+                        if name == "payload_json":
+                            to_send = {"payload_json": p["value"]}
                         else:
-                            file_data[name] = (p['filename'], p['value'], p['content_type'])
+                            file_data[name] = (p["filename"], p["value"], p["content_type"])
 
                 try:
-                    with session.request(method, url, data=to_send, files=file_data, headers=headers, params=params) as response:
-                        log.debug(
-                            'Webhook ID %s with %s %s has returned status code %s',
+                    with session.request(
+                        method, url, data=to_send, files=file_data, headers=headers, params=params
+                    ) as response:
+                        _log.debug(
+                            "Webhook ID %s with %s %s has returned status code %s",
                             webhook_id,
                             method,
                             url,
                             response.status_code,
                         )
-                        response.encoding = 'utf-8'
+                        response.encoding = "utf-8"
                         # Compatibility with aiohttp
                         response.status = response.status_code  # type: ignore
 
                         data = response.text or None
-                        if data and response.headers['Content-Type'] == 'application/json':
+                        if data and response.headers["Content-Type"] == "application/json":
                             data = json.loads(data)
 
-                        remaining = response.headers.get('X-Ratelimit-Remaining')
-                        if remaining == '0' and response.status_code != 429:
+                        remaining = response.headers.get("X-Ratelimit-Remaining")
+                        if remaining == "0" and response.status_code != 429:
                             delta = utils._parse_ratelimit_header(response)
-                            log.debug(
-                                'Webhook ID %s has been pre-emptively rate limited, waiting %.2f seconds', webhook_id, delta
+                            _log.debug(
+                                "Webhook ID %s has been pre-emptively rate limited, waiting %.2f seconds",
+                                webhook_id,
+                                delta,
                             )
                             lock.delay_by(delta)
 
@@ -175,11 +179,13 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
                             return data
 
                         if response.status_code == 429:
-                            if not response.headers.get('Via'):
+                            if not response.headers.get("Via"):
                                 raise HTTPException(response, data)
 
-                            retry_after: float = data['retry_after']  # type: ignore
-                            log.warning('Webhook ID %s is rate limited. Retrying in %.2f seconds', webhook_id, retry_after)
+                            retry_after: float = data["retry_after"]  # type: ignore
+                            _log.warning(
+                                "Webhook ID %s is rate limited. Retrying in %.2f seconds", webhook_id, retry_after
+                            )
                             time.sleep(retry_after)
                             continue
 
@@ -205,7 +211,7 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
                     raise DiscordServerError(response, data)
                 raise HTTPException(response, data)
 
-            raise RuntimeError('Unreachable code in HTTP handling.')
+            raise RuntimeError("Unreachable code in HTTP handling.")
 
     def delete_webhook(
         self,
@@ -215,7 +221,7 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         session: Session,
         reason: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
-        route = Route('DELETE', '/webhooks/{webhook_id}', webhook_id=webhook_id)
+        route = Route("DELETE", "/webhooks/{webhook_id}", webhook_id=webhook_id)
         return self.request(route, session, reason=reason, auth_token=token)
 
     def delete_webhook_with_token(
@@ -226,7 +232,7 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         session: Session,
         reason: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
-        route = Route('DELETE', '/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}', webhook_id=webhook_id, webhook_token=token)
+        route = Route("DELETE", "/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}", webhook_id=webhook_id, webhook_token=token)
         return self.request(route, session, reason=reason)
 
     def edit_webhook(
@@ -238,7 +244,7 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         session: Session,
         reason: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
-        route = Route('PATCH', '/webhooks/{webhook_id}', webhook_id=webhook_id)
+        route = Route("PATCH", "/webhooks/{webhook_id}", webhook_id=webhook_id)
         return self.request(route, session, reason=reason, payload=payload, auth_token=token)
 
     def edit_webhook_with_token(
@@ -250,7 +256,7 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         session: Session,
         reason: Optional[str] = None,
     ):
-        route = Route('PATCH', '/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}', webhook_id=webhook_id, webhook_token=token)
+        route = Route("PATCH", "/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}", webhook_id=webhook_id, webhook_token=token)
         return self.request(route, session, reason=reason, payload=payload)
 
     def execute_webhook(
@@ -265,10 +271,10 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         thread_id: Optional[int] = None,
         wait: bool = False,
     ):
-        params = {'wait': int(wait)}
+        params = {"wait": int(wait)}
         if thread_id:
-            params['thread_id'] = thread_id
-        route = Route('POST', '/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}', webhook_id=webhook_id, webhook_token=token)
+            params["thread_id"] = thread_id
+        route = Route("POST", "/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}", webhook_id=webhook_id, webhook_token=token)
         return self.request(route, session, payload=payload, multipart=multipart, files=files, params=params)
 
     def get_webhook_message(
@@ -280,8 +286,8 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         session: Session,
     ):
         route = Route(
-            'GET',
-            '/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}/messages/{message_id}',
+            "GET",
+            "/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}/messages/{message_id}",
             webhook_id=webhook_id,
             webhook_token=token,
             message_id=message_id,
@@ -300,8 +306,8 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         files: Optional[List[File]] = None,
     ):
         route = Route(
-            'PATCH',
-            '/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}/messages/{message_id}',
+            "PATCH",
+            "/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}/messages/{message_id}",
             webhook_id=webhook_id,
             webhook_token=token,
             message_id=message_id,
@@ -317,8 +323,8 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         session: Session,
     ):
         route = Route(
-            'DELETE',
-            '/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}/messages/{message_id}',
+            "DELETE",
+            "/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}/messages/{message_id}",
             webhook_id=webhook_id,
             webhook_token=token,
             message_id=message_id,
@@ -332,7 +338,7 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         *,
         session: Session,
     ):
-        route = Route('GET', '/webhooks/{webhook_id}', webhook_id=webhook_id)
+        route = Route("GET", "/webhooks/{webhook_id}", webhook_id=webhook_id)
         return self.request(route, session=session, auth_token=token)
 
     def fetch_webhook_with_token(
@@ -342,12 +348,21 @@ class WebhookAdapter:
         *,
         session: Session,
     ):
-        route = Route('GET', '/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}', webhook_id=webhook_id, webhook_token=token)
+        route = Route("GET", "/webhooks/{webhook_id}/{webhook_token}", webhook_id=webhook_id, webhook_token=token)
         return self.request(route, session=session)
 
 
-_context = threading.local()
-_context.adapter = WebhookAdapter()
+class _WebhookContext(threading.local):
+    adapter: Optional[WebhookAdapter] = None
+
+
+_context = _WebhookContext()
+
+
+def _get_webhook_adapter() -> WebhookAdapter:
+    if _context.adapter is None:
+        _context.adapter = WebhookAdapter()
+    return _context.adapter
 
 
 class SyncWebhookMessage(Message):
@@ -362,6 +377,8 @@ class SyncWebhookMessage(Message):
     .. versionadded:: 2.0
     """
 
+    _state: _WebhookState
+
     def edit(
         self,
         content: Optional[str] = MISSING,
@@ -370,7 +387,7 @@ class SyncWebhookMessage(Message):
         file: File = MISSING,
         files: List[File] = MISSING,
         allowed_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = None,
-    ):
+    ) -> SyncWebhookMessage:
         """Edits the message.
 
         Parameters
@@ -403,8 +420,13 @@ class SyncWebhookMessage(Message):
             The length of ``embeds`` was invalid
         InvalidArgument
             There was no token associated with this webhook.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`SyncWebhookMessage`
+            The newly edited message.
         """
-        self._state._webhook.edit_message(
+        return self._state._webhook.edit_message(
             self.id,
             content=content,
             embeds=embeds,
@@ -457,6 +479,10 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
 
             Returns the webhooks's hash.
 
+        .. describe:: int(x)
+
+            Returns the webhooks's ID.
+
     .. versionchanged:: 1.4
         Webhooks are now comparable and hashable.
 
@@ -494,22 +520,24 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
     """
 
-    __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = BaseWebhook.__slots__ + ('session',)
+    __slots__: Tuple[str, ...] = ("session",)
 
     def __init__(self, data: WebhookPayload, session: Session, token: Optional[str] = None, state=None):
         super().__init__(data, token, state)
         self.session = session
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return f'<Webhook id={self.id!r}>'
+        return f"<Webhook id={self.id!r}>"
 
     @property
-    def url(self):
+    def url(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str` : Returns the webhook's url."""
-        return f'https://discord.com/api/webhooks/{self.id}/{self.token}'
+        return f"https://discord.com/api/webhooks/{self.id}/{self.token}"
 
     @classmethod
-    def partial(cls, id: int, token: str, *, session: Session = MISSING, bot_token: Optional[str] = None):
+    def partial(
+        cls, id: int, token: str, *, session: Session = MISSING, bot_token: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> SyncWebhook:
         """Creates a partial :class:`Webhook`.
 
         Parameters
@@ -534,21 +562,21 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
             A partial webhook is just a webhook object with an ID and a token.
         """
         data: WebhookPayload = {
-            'id': id,
-            'type': 1,
-            'token': token,
+            "id": id,
+            "type": 1,
+            "token": token,
         }
         import requests
 
         if session is not MISSING:
             if not isinstance(session, requests.Session):
-                raise TypeError(f'expected requests.Session not {session.__class__!r}')
+                raise TypeError(f"expected requests.Session not {session.__class__!r}")
         else:
             session = requests  # type: ignore
         return cls(data, session, token=bot_token)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_url(cls, url: str, *, session: Session = MISSING, bot_token: Optional[str] = None):
+    def from_url(cls, url: str, *, session: Session = MISSING, bot_token: Optional[str] = None) -> SyncWebhook:
         """Creates a partial :class:`Webhook` from a webhook URL.
 
         Parameters
@@ -575,17 +603,17 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
             A partial :class:`Webhook`.
             A partial webhook is just a webhook object with an ID and a token.
         """
-        m = re.search(r'discord(?:app)?.com/api/webhooks/(?P<id>[0-9]{17,20})/(?P<token>[A-Za-z0-9\.\-\_]{60,68})', url)
+        m = re.search(r"discord(?:app)?.com/api/webhooks/(?P<id>[0-9]{17,20})/(?P<token>[A-Za-z0-9\.\-\_]{60,68})", url)
         if m is None:
-            raise InvalidArgument('Invalid webhook URL given.')
+            raise InvalidArgument("Invalid webhook URL given.")
 
         data: Dict[str, Any] = m.groupdict()
-        data['type'] = 1
+        data["type"] = 1
         import requests
 
         if session is not MISSING:
             if not isinstance(session, requests.Session):
-                raise TypeError(f'expected requests.Session not {session.__class__!r}')
+                raise TypeError(f"expected requests.Session not {session.__class__!r}")
         else:
             session = requests  # type: ignore
         return cls(data, session, token=bot_token)  # type: ignore
@@ -621,18 +649,18 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         :class:`SyncWebhook`
             The fetched webhook.
         """
-        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _context.adapter
+        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _get_webhook_adapter()
 
         if prefer_auth and self.auth_token:
             data = adapter.fetch_webhook(self.id, self.auth_token, session=self.session)
         elif self.token:
             data = adapter.fetch_webhook_with_token(self.id, self.token, session=self.session)
         else:
-            raise InvalidArgument('This webhook does not have a token associated with it')
+            raise InvalidArgument("This webhook does not have a token associated with it")
 
         return SyncWebhook(data, self.session, token=self.auth_token, state=self._state)
 
-    def delete(self, *, reason: Optional[str] = None, prefer_auth: bool = True):
+    def delete(self, *, reason: Optional[str] = None, prefer_auth: bool = True) -> None:
         """Deletes this Webhook.
 
         Parameters
@@ -657,9 +685,9 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
             This webhook does not have a token associated with it.
         """
         if self.token is None and self.auth_token is None:
-            raise InvalidArgument('This webhook does not have a token associated with it')
+            raise InvalidArgument("This webhook does not have a token associated with it")
 
-        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _context.adapter
+        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _get_webhook_adapter()
 
         if prefer_auth and self.auth_token:
             adapter.delete_webhook(self.id, token=self.auth_token, session=self.session, reason=reason)
@@ -674,7 +702,7 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         avatar: Optional[bytes] = MISSING,
         channel: Optional[Snowflake] = None,
         prefer_auth: bool = True,
-    ):
+    ) -> SyncWebhook:
         """Edits this Webhook.
 
         Parameters
@@ -702,40 +730,51 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         InvalidArgument
             This webhook does not have a token associated with it
             or it tried editing a channel without authentication.
+
+        Returns
+        --------
+        :class:`SyncWebhook`
+            The newly edited webhook.
         """
         if self.token is None and self.auth_token is None:
-            raise InvalidArgument('This webhook does not have a token associated with it')
+            raise InvalidArgument("This webhook does not have a token associated with it")
 
         payload = {}
         if name is not MISSING:
-            payload['name'] = str(name) if name is not None else None
+            payload["name"] = str(name) if name is not None else None
 
         if avatar is not MISSING:
-            payload['avatar'] = utils._bytes_to_base64_data(avatar) if avatar is not None else None
+            payload["avatar"] = utils._bytes_to_base64_data(avatar) if avatar is not None else None
 
-        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _context.adapter
+        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _get_webhook_adapter()
 
+        data: Optional[WebhookPayload] = None
         # If a channel is given, always use the authenticated endpoint
         if channel is not None:
             if self.auth_token is None:
-                raise InvalidArgument('Editing channel requires authenticated webhook')
+                raise InvalidArgument("Editing channel requires authenticated webhook")
 
-            payload['channel_id'] = channel.id
+            payload["channel_id"] = channel.id
             data = adapter.edit_webhook(self.id, self.auth_token, payload=payload, session=self.session, reason=reason)
-            self._update(data)
-            return
 
         if prefer_auth and self.auth_token:
             data = adapter.edit_webhook(self.id, self.auth_token, payload=payload, session=self.session, reason=reason)
-            self._update(data)
         elif self.token:
-            data = adapter.edit_webhook_with_token(self.id, self.token, payload=payload, session=self.session, reason=reason)
-            self._update(data)
+            data = adapter.edit_webhook_with_token(
+                self.id, self.token, payload=payload, session=self.session, reason=reason
+            )
+
+        if data is None:
+            raise RuntimeError("Unreachable code hit: data was not assigned")
+
+        return SyncWebhook(data=data, session=self.session, token=self.auth_token, state=self._state)
 
     def _create_message(self, data):
         state = _WebhookState(self, parent=self._state)
-        channel = self.channel or Object(id=int(data['channel_id']))
-        return SyncWebhookMessage(data=data, state=state, channel=channel)
+        # state may be artificial (unlikely at this point...)
+        channel = self.channel or PartialMessageable(state=self._state, id=int(data["channel_id"]))  # type: ignore
+        # state is artificial
+        return SyncWebhookMessage(data=data, state=state, channel=channel)  # type: ignore
 
     @overload
     def send(
@@ -743,7 +782,7 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         content: str = MISSING,
         *,
         username: str = MISSING,
-        avatar_url: str = MISSING,
+        avatar_url: Any = MISSING,
         tts: bool = MISSING,
         file: File = MISSING,
         files: List[File] = MISSING,
@@ -760,7 +799,7 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         content: str = MISSING,
         *,
         username: str = MISSING,
-        avatar_url: str = MISSING,
+        avatar_url: Any = MISSING,
         tts: bool = MISSING,
         file: File = MISSING,
         files: List[File] = MISSING,
@@ -776,7 +815,7 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         content: str = MISSING,
         *,
         username: str = MISSING,
-        avatar_url: str = MISSING,
+        avatar_url: Any = MISSING,
         tts: bool = False,
         file: File = MISSING,
         files: List[File] = MISSING,
@@ -808,9 +847,10 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         username: :class:`str`
             The username to send with this message. If no username is provided
             then the default username for the webhook is used.
-        avatar_url: Union[:class:`str`, :class:`Asset`]
+        avatar_url: :class:`str`
             The avatar URL to send with this message. If no avatar URL is provided
-            then the default avatar for the webhook is used.
+            then the default avatar for the webhook is used. If this is not a
+            string then it is explicitly cast using ``str``.
         tts: :class:`bool`
             Indicates if the message should be sent using text-to-speech.
         file: :class:`File`
@@ -855,9 +895,9 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         """
 
         if self.token is None:
-            raise InvalidArgument('This webhook does not have a token associated with it')
+            raise InvalidArgument("This webhook does not have a token associated with it")
 
-        previous_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = getattr(self._state, 'allowed_mentions', None)
+        previous_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = getattr(self._state, "allowed_mentions", None)
         if content is None:
             content = MISSING
 
@@ -873,7 +913,7 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
             allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
             previous_allowed_mentions=previous_mentions,
         )
-        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _context.adapter
+        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _get_webhook_adapter()
         thread_id: Optional[int] = None
         if thread is not MISSING:
             thread_id = thread.id
@@ -891,7 +931,7 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         if wait:
             return self._create_message(data)
 
-    def fetch_message(self, id: int) -> SyncWebhookMessage:
+    def fetch_message(self, id: int, /) -> SyncWebhookMessage:
         """Retrieves a single :class:`~discord.SyncWebhookMessage` owned by this webhook.
 
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
@@ -919,9 +959,9 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         """
 
         if self.token is None:
-            raise InvalidArgument('This webhook does not have a token associated with it')
+            raise InvalidArgument("This webhook does not have a token associated with it")
 
-        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _context.adapter
+        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _get_webhook_adapter()
         data = adapter.get_webhook_message(
             self.id,
             self.token,
@@ -940,7 +980,7 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         file: File = MISSING,
         files: List[File] = MISSING,
         allowed_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = None,
-    ):
+    ) -> SyncWebhookMessage:
         """Edits a message owned by this webhook.
 
         This is a lower level interface to :meth:`WebhookMessage.edit` in case
@@ -983,9 +1023,9 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
         """
 
         if self.token is None:
-            raise InvalidArgument('This webhook does not have a token associated with it')
+            raise InvalidArgument("This webhook does not have a token associated with it")
 
-        previous_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = getattr(self._state, 'allowed_mentions', None)
+        previous_mentions: Optional[AllowedMentions] = getattr(self._state, "allowed_mentions", None)
         params = handle_message_parameters(
             content=content,
             file=file,
@@ -995,8 +1035,8 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
             allowed_mentions=allowed_mentions,
             previous_allowed_mentions=previous_mentions,
         )
-        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _context.adapter
-        adapter.edit_webhook_message(
+        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _get_webhook_adapter()
+        data = adapter.edit_webhook_message(
             self.id,
             self.token,
             message_id,
@@ -1005,8 +1045,9 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
             multipart=params.multipart,
             files=params.files,
         )
+        return self._create_message(data)
 
-    def delete_message(self, message_id: int):
+    def delete_message(self, message_id: int, /) -> None:
         """Deletes a message owned by this webhook.
 
         This is a lower level interface to :meth:`WebhookMessage.delete` in case
@@ -1027,9 +1068,9 @@ class SyncWebhook(BaseWebhook):
             Deleted a message that is not yours.
         """
         if self.token is None:
-            raise InvalidArgument('This webhook does not have a token associated with it')
+            raise InvalidArgument("This webhook does not have a token associated with it")
 
-        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _context.adapter
+        adapter: WebhookAdapter = _get_webhook_adapter()
         adapter.delete_webhook_message(
             self.id,
             self.token,

discord/widget.py

@@ -41,11 +41,12 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     )
 
 __all__ = (
-    'WidgetChannel',
-    'WidgetMember',
-    'Widget',
+    "WidgetChannel",
+    "WidgetMember",
+    "Widget",
 )
 
+
 class WidgetChannel:
     """Represents a "partial" widget channel.
 
@@ -76,7 +77,8 @@ class WidgetChannel:
     position: :class:`int`
         The channel's position
     """
-    __slots__ = ('id', 'name', 'position')
+
+    __slots__ = ("id", "name", "position")
 
     def __init__(self, id: int, name: str, position: int) -> None:
         self.id: int = id
@@ -87,18 +89,19 @@ class WidgetChannel:
         return self.name
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<WidgetChannel id={self.id} name={self.name!r} position={self.position!r}>'
+        return f"<WidgetChannel id={self.id} name={self.name!r} position={self.position!r}>"
 
     @property
     def mention(self) -> str:
         """:class:`str`: The string that allows you to mention the channel."""
-        return f'<#{self.id}>'
+        return f"<#{self.id}>"
 
     @property
     def created_at(self) -> datetime.datetime:
         """:class:`datetime.datetime`: Returns the channel's creation time in UTC."""
         return snowflake_time(self.id)
 
+
 class WidgetMember(BaseUser):
     """Represents a "partial" member of the widget's guild.
 
@@ -147,29 +150,37 @@ class WidgetMember(BaseUser):
     connected_channel: Optional[:class:`WidgetChannel`]
         Which channel the member is connected to.
     """
-    __slots__ = ('name', 'status', 'nick', 'avatar', 'discriminator',
-                 'id', 'bot', 'activity', 'deafened', 'suppress', 'muted',
-                 'connected_channel')
+
+    __slots__ = (
+        "name",
+        "status",
+        "nick",
+        "avatar",
+        "discriminator",
+        "id",
+        "bot",
+        "activity",
+        "deafened",
+        "suppress",
+        "muted",
+        "connected_channel",
+    )
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         activity: Optional[Union[BaseActivity, Spotify]]
 
     def __init__(
-        self,
-        *,
-        state: ConnectionState,
-        data: WidgetMemberPayload,
-        connected_channel: Optional[WidgetChannel] = None
+        self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: WidgetMemberPayload, connected_channel: Optional[WidgetChannel] = None
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(state=state, data=data)
-        self.nick: Optional[str] = data.get('nick')
-        self.status: Status = try_enum(Status, data.get('status'))
-        self.deafened: Optional[bool] = data.get('deaf', False) or data.get('self_deaf', False)
-        self.muted: Optional[bool] = data.get('mute', False) or data.get('self_mute', False)
-        self.suppress: Optional[bool] = data.get('suppress', False)
+        self.nick: Optional[str] = data.get("nick")
+        self.status: Status = try_enum(Status, data.get("status"))
+        self.deafened: Optional[bool] = data.get("deaf", False) or data.get("self_deaf", False)
+        self.muted: Optional[bool] = data.get("mute", False) or data.get("self_mute", False)
+        self.suppress: Optional[bool] = data.get("suppress", False)
 
         try:
-            game = data['game']
+            game = data["game"]
         except KeyError:
             activity = None
         else:
@@ -190,6 +201,7 @@ class WidgetMember(BaseUser):
         """:class:`str`: Returns the member's display name."""
         return self.nick or self.name
 
+
 class Widget:
     """Represents a :class:`Guild` widget.
 
@@ -227,27 +239,28 @@ class Widget:
             retrieved is capped.
 
     """
-    __slots__ = ('_state', 'channels', '_invite', 'id', 'members', 'name')
+
+    __slots__ = ("_state", "channels", "_invite", "id", "members", "name")
 
     def __init__(self, *, state: ConnectionState, data: WidgetPayload) -> None:
         self._state = state
-        self._invite = data['instant_invite']
-        self.name: str = data['name']
-        self.id: int = int(data['id'])
+        self._invite = data["instant_invite"]
+        self.name: str = data["name"]
+        self.id: int = int(data["id"])
 
         self.channels: List[WidgetChannel] = []
-        for channel in data.get('channels', []):
-            _id = int(channel['id'])
-            self.channels.append(WidgetChannel(id=_id, name=channel['name'], position=channel['position']))
+        for channel in data.get("channels", []):
+            _id = int(channel["id"])
+            self.channels.append(WidgetChannel(id=_id, name=channel["name"], position=channel["position"]))
 
         self.members: List[WidgetMember] = []
         channels = {channel.id: channel for channel in self.channels}
-        for member in data.get('members', []):
-            connected_channel = _get_as_snowflake(member, 'channel_id')
+        for member in data.get("members", []):
+            connected_channel = _get_as_snowflake(member, "channel_id")
             if connected_channel in channels:
                 connected_channel = channels[connected_channel]  # type: ignore
             elif connected_channel:
-                connected_channel = WidgetChannel(id=connected_channel, name='', position=0)
+                connected_channel = WidgetChannel(id=connected_channel, name="", position=0)
 
             self.members.append(WidgetMember(state=self._state, data=member, connected_channel=connected_channel))  # type: ignore
 
@@ -260,7 +273,7 @@ class Widget:
         return False
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f'<Widget id={self.id} name={self.name!r} invite_url={self.invite_url!r}>'
+        return f"<Widget id={self.id} name={self.name!r} invite_url={self.invite_url!r}>"
 
     @property
     def created_at(self) -> datetime.datetime:

docs/_static/style.css

@@ -772,8 +772,7 @@ li > blockquote {
 
 /* admonitions */
 div.admonition {
-  padding: 0 0.8em;
-  padding-bottom: 0.8em;
+  padding: 0 0.8em 0.8em 0.8em !important;
   margin: 0.8em 0;
   border-radius: 2.5px;
   border-left-width: 6px;
@@ -783,7 +782,7 @@ div.admonition {
 
 p.admonition-title {
   font-weight: bold;
-  margin: 0 -0.8rem;
+  margin: 0 -0.8rem !important;
   padding: 0.4rem 0.6rem 0.4rem 2.5rem;
   position: relative;
   -moz-user-select: none;
@@ -1041,12 +1040,18 @@ dl.function > dt,
 dl.attribute > dt,
 dl.classmethod > dt,
 dl.method > dt,
+dl.property > dt,
 dl.class > dt,
 dl.exception > dt {
   background-color: var(--api-entry-background);
   padding: 1px 10px;
 }
 
+/* bug in sphinx: https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/9384 */
+dl.property > dt > span.descname + em.property {
+  display: none;
+}
+
 dd {
   margin-top: 0.5em;
   margin-bottom: 0.5em;
@@ -1142,6 +1147,10 @@ table.docutils tbody tr td ol.last {
   margin-bottom: 0;
 }
 
+.align-default {
+  text-align: left !important;
+}
+
 /* hide the welcome text */
 section#welcome-to-discord-py > h1 {
   display: none;

docs/_templates/layout.html

@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@
   {%- block extrahead %} {% endblock %}
   <!-- end extra head -->
   <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/icon?family=Material+Icons" rel="stylesheet">
-  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto('_static/style.css', 1)|e }}" type="text/css" />
-  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto('_static/codeblocks.css', 1) }}" type="text/css" />
-  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto('_static/icons.css', 1)|e }}" type="text/css" />
   {%- block css %}
   {%- for css in css_files %}
     {%- if css|attr("filename") %}
@@ -19,6 +16,9 @@
     {%- endif %}
   {%- endfor %}
   {%- endblock %}
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto('_static/style.css', 1)|e }}" type="text/css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto('_static/codeblocks.css', 1) }}" type="text/css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto('_static/icons.css', 1)|e }}" type="text/css" />
   {%- block scripts %}
   <script id="documentation_options" data-url_root="{{ pathto('', 1) }}" src="{{ pathto('_static/documentation_options.js', 1) }}"></script>
   {%- for js in script_files %}

docs/api.rst

@@ -40,7 +40,10 @@ Client
 
 .. autoclass:: Client
     :members:
-    :exclude-members: fetch_guilds
+    :exclude-members: fetch_guilds, event
+
+    .. automethod:: Client.event()
+        :decorator:
 
     .. automethod:: Client.fetch_guilds
         :async-for:
@@ -98,6 +101,7 @@ VoiceClient
 
 .. autoclass:: VoiceClient()
     :members:
+    :exclude-members: connect, on_voice_state_update, on_voice_server_update
 
 VoiceProtocol
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -294,24 +298,36 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
     :param kwargs: The keyword arguments for the event that raised the
         exception.
 
+.. function:: on_socket_event_type(event_type)
+
+    Called whenever a websocket event is received from the WebSocket.
+
+    This is mainly useful for logging how many events you are receiving
+    from the Discord gateway.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param event_type: The event type from Discord that is received, e.g. ``'READY'``.
+    :type event_type: :class:`str`
+
 .. function:: on_socket_raw_receive(msg)
 
-    Called whenever a message is received from the WebSocket, before
-    it's processed. This event is always dispatched when a message is
-    received and the passed data is not processed in any way.
+    Called whenever a message is completely received from the WebSocket, before
+    it's processed and parsed. This event is always dispatched when a
+    complete message is received and the passed data is not parsed in any way.
 
     This is only really useful for grabbing the WebSocket stream and
     debugging purposes.
 
+    This requires setting the ``enable_debug_events`` setting in the :class:`Client`.
+
     .. note::
 
         This is only for the messages received from the client
         WebSocket. The voice WebSocket will not trigger this event.
 
     :param msg: The message passed in from the WebSocket library.
-                Could be :class:`bytes` for a binary message or :class:`str`
-                for a regular message.
-    :type msg: Union[:class:`bytes`, :class:`str`]
+    :type msg: :class:`str`
 
 .. function:: on_socket_raw_send(payload)
 
@@ -322,6 +338,8 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
     This is only really useful for grabbing the WebSocket stream and
     debugging purposes.
 
+    This requires setting the ``enable_debug_events`` setting in the :class:`Client`.
+
     .. note::
 
         This is only for the messages sent from the client
@@ -351,6 +369,17 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
     :param when: When the typing started as an aware datetime in UTC.
     :type when: :class:`datetime.datetime`
 
+.. function:: on_raw_typing(payload)
+
+    Called when someone begins typing a message. Unlike :func:`on_typing`, this is 
+    called regardless if the user can be found or not. This most often happens
+    when a user types in DMs.
+
+    This requires :attr:`Intents.typing` to be enabled.
+
+    :param payload: The raw typing payload.
+    :type payload: :class:`RawTypingEvent`
+
 .. function:: on_message(message)
 
     Called when a :class:`Message` is created and sent.
@@ -597,7 +626,13 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
 
     Called when an interaction happened.
 
-    This currently happens due to slash command invocations.
+    This currently happens due to slash command invocations or components being used.
+
+    .. warning::
+
+        This is a low level function that is not generally meant to be used.
+        If you are working with components, consider using the callbacks associated
+        with the :class:`~discord.ui.View` instead as it provides a nicer user experience.
 
     .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
@@ -660,7 +695,8 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
 
 .. function:: on_thread_join(thread)
 
-    Called whenever a thread is joined.
+    Called whenever a thread is joined or created. Note that from the API's perspective there is no way to
+    differentiate between a thread being created or the bot joining a thread.
 
     Note that you can get the guild from :attr:`Thread.guild`.
 
@@ -713,6 +749,8 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
 
     This requires :attr:`Intents.members` to be enabled.
 
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
     :param member: The member who joined or left.
     :type member: :class:`ThreadMember`
 
@@ -798,8 +836,6 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
 
     This is called when one or more of the following things change:
 
-    - status
-    - activity
     - nickname
     - roles
     - pending
@@ -811,6 +847,24 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
     :param after: The updated member's updated info.
     :type after: :class:`Member`
 
+.. function:: on_presence_update(before, after)
+
+    Called when a :class:`Member` updates their presence.
+
+    This is called when one or more of the following things change:
+
+    - status
+    - activity
+
+    This requires :attr:`Intents.presences` and :attr:`Intents.members` to be enabled.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param before: The updated member's old info.
+    :type before: :class:`Member`
+    :param after: The updated member's updated info.
+    :type after: :class:`Member`
+
 .. function:: on_user_update(before, after)
 
     Called when a :class:`User` updates their profile.
@@ -900,7 +954,7 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
 
     Called when a :class:`Guild` adds or removes :class:`Emoji`.
 
-    This requires :attr:`Intents.emojis` to be enabled.
+    This requires :attr:`Intents.emojis_and_stickers` to be enabled.
 
     :param guild: The guild who got their emojis updated.
     :type guild: :class:`Guild`
@@ -909,6 +963,21 @@ to handle it, which defaults to print a traceback and ignoring the exception.
     :param after: A list of emojis after the update.
     :type after: Sequence[:class:`Emoji`]
 
+.. function:: on_guild_stickers_update(guild, before, after)
+
+    Called when a :class:`Guild` updates its stickers.
+
+    This requires :attr:`Intents.emojis_and_stickers` to be enabled.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    :param guild: The guild who got their stickers updated.
+    :type guild: :class:`Guild`
+    :param before: A list of stickers before the update.
+    :type before: Sequence[:class:`GuildSticker`]
+    :param after: A list of stickers after the update.
+    :type after: Sequence[:class:`GuildSticker`]
+
 .. function:: on_guild_available(guild)
               on_guild_unavailable(guild)
 
@@ -1063,6 +1132,8 @@ Utility Functions
 
 .. autofunction:: discord.utils.utcnow
 
+.. autofunction:: discord.utils.format_dt
+
 .. autofunction:: discord.utils.as_chunks
 
 .. _discord-api-enums:
@@ -1125,7 +1196,7 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
 
         A private thread
 
-        .. versionadded:: 1.8
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
 .. class:: MessageType
 
@@ -1290,7 +1361,7 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
         The user is a system user (i.e. represents Discord officially).
     .. attribute:: has_unread_urgent_messages
 
-        The user has an unready system message.
+        The user has an unread system message.
     .. attribute:: bug_hunter_level_2
 
         The user is a Bug Hunter Level 2.
@@ -1426,6 +1497,9 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
         An alias for :attr:`primary`.
     .. attribute:: grey
 
+        An alias for :attr:`secondary`.
+    .. attribute:: gray
+
         An alias for :attr:`secondary`.
     .. attribute:: green
 
@@ -1433,6 +1507,9 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
     .. attribute:: red
 
         An alias for :attr:`danger`.
+    .. attribute:: url
+
+        An alias for :attr:`link`.
 
 .. class:: VoiceRegion
 
@@ -1524,6 +1601,8 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
 
     .. container:: operations
 
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
         .. describe:: x == y
 
             Checks if two verification levels are equal.
@@ -1566,6 +1645,29 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
 
     Specifies whether a :class:`Guild` has notifications on for all messages or mentions only by default.
 
+    .. container:: operations
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+        .. describe:: x == y
+
+            Checks if two notification levels are equal.
+        .. describe:: x != y
+
+            Checks if two notification levels are not equal.
+        .. describe:: x > y
+
+            Checks if a notification level is higher than another.
+        .. describe:: x < y
+
+            Checks if a notification level is lower than another.
+        .. describe:: x >= y
+
+            Checks if a notification level is higher or equal to another.
+        .. describe:: x <= y
+
+            Checks if a notification level is lower or equal to another.
+
     .. attribute:: all_messages
 
         Members receive notifications for every message regardless of them being mentioned.
@@ -1581,6 +1683,8 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
 
     .. container:: operations
 
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
         .. describe:: x == y
 
             Checks if two content filter levels are equal.
@@ -1711,6 +1815,7 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
         - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.bitrate`
         - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.rtc_region`
         - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.video_quality_mode`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.default_auto_archive_duration`
 
     .. attribute:: channel_delete
 
@@ -1840,7 +1945,7 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
     .. attribute:: member_role_update
 
         A member's role has been updated. This triggers when a member
-        either gains a role or losses a role.
+        either gains a role or loses a role.
 
         When this is the action, the type of :attr:`~AuditLogEntry.target` is
         the :class:`Member` or :class:`User` who got the role.
@@ -2139,8 +2244,8 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
         A stage instance was started.
 
         When this is the action, the type of :attr:`~AuditLogEntry.target` is
-        either :class:`Object` with the stage instance ID of the stage instance
-        which was created.
+        the :class:`StageInstance` or :class:`Object` with the ID of the stage
+        instance which was created.
 
         Possible attributes for :class:`AuditLogDiff`:
 
@@ -2154,8 +2259,8 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
         A stage instance was updated.
 
         When this is the action, the type of :attr:`~AuditLogEntry.target` is
-        either :class:`Object` with the stage instance ID of the stage instance
-        which was updated.
+        the :class:`StageInstance` or :class:`Object` with the ID of the stage
+        instance which was updated.
 
         Possible attributes for :class:`AuditLogDiff`:
 
@@ -2170,6 +2275,114 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
 
         .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
+    .. attribute:: sticker_create
+
+        A sticker was created.
+
+        When this is the action, the type of :attr:`~AuditLogEntry.target` is
+        the :class:`GuildSticker` or :class:`Object` with the ID of the sticker
+        which was updated.
+
+        Possible attributes for :class:`AuditLogDiff`:
+
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.name`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.emoji`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.type`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.format_type`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.description`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.available`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. attribute:: sticker_update
+
+        A sticker was updated.
+
+        When this is the action, the type of :attr:`~AuditLogEntry.target` is
+        the :class:`GuildSticker` or :class:`Object` with the ID of the sticker
+        which was updated.
+
+        Possible attributes for :class:`AuditLogDiff`:
+
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.name`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.emoji`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.type`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.format_type`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.description`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.available`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. attribute:: sticker_delete
+
+        A sticker was deleted.
+
+        When this is the action, the type of :attr:`~AuditLogEntry.target` is
+        the :class:`GuildSticker` or :class:`Object` with the ID of the sticker
+        which was updated.
+
+        Possible attributes for :class:`AuditLogDiff`:
+
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.name`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.emoji`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.type`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.format_type`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.description`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.available`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. attribute:: thread_create
+
+        A thread was created.
+
+        When this is the action, the type of :attr:`~AuditLogEntry.target` is
+        the :class:`Thread` or :class:`Object` with the ID of the thread which
+        was created.
+
+        Possible attributes for :class:`AuditLogDiff`:
+
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.name`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.archived`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.locked`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.auto_archive_duration`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. attribute:: thread_update
+
+        A thread was updated.
+
+        When this is the action, the type of :attr:`~AuditLogEntry.target` is
+        the :class:`Thread` or :class:`Object` with the ID of the thread which
+        was updated.
+
+        Possible attributes for :class:`AuditLogDiff`:
+
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.name`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.archived`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.locked`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.auto_archive_duration`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. attribute:: thread_delete
+
+        A thread was deleted.
+
+        When this is the action, the type of :attr:`~AuditLogEntry.target` is
+        the :class:`Thread` or :class:`Object` with the ID of the thread which
+        was deleted.
+
+        Possible attributes for :class:`AuditLogDiff`:
+
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.name`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.archived`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.locked`
+        - :attr:`~AuditLogDiff.auto_archive_duration`
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
 .. class:: AuditLogActionCategory
 
     Represents the category that the :class:`AuditLogAction` belongs to.
@@ -2233,7 +2446,7 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
 
     .. attribute:: remove_role
 
-        This will remove the :attr:`Integration.role` from the user
+        This will remove the :attr:`StreamIntegration.role` from the user
         when their subscription is finished.
 
     .. attribute:: kick
@@ -2270,6 +2483,20 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
 
 .. class:: StickerType
 
+    Represents the type of sticker.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.0
+
+    .. attribute:: standard
+
+        Represents a standard sticker that all Nitro users can use.
+
+    .. attribute:: guild
+
+        Represents a custom sticker created in a guild.
+
+.. class:: StickerFormatType
+
     Represents the type of sticker images.
 
     .. versionadded:: 1.6
@@ -2342,6 +2569,27 @@ of :class:`enum.Enum`.
 
     .. versionadded:: 2.0
 
+    .. container:: operations
+
+        .. describe:: x == y
+
+            Checks if two NSFW levels are equal.
+        .. describe:: x != y
+
+            Checks if two NSFW levels are not equal.
+        .. describe:: x > y
+
+            Checks if a NSFW level is higher than another.
+        .. describe:: x < y
+
+            Checks if a NSFW level is lower than another.
+        .. describe:: x >= y
+
+            Checks if a NSFW level is higher or equal to another.
+        .. describe:: x <= y
+
+            Checks if a NSFW level is lower or equal to another.
+
     .. attribute:: default
 
         The guild has not been categorised yet.
@@ -2739,15 +2987,9 @@ AuditLogDiff
 
     .. attribute:: type
 
-        The type of channel or channel permission overwrite.
+        The type of channel or sticker.
 
-        If the type is an :class:`int`, then it is a type of channel which can be either
-        ``0`` to indicate a text channel or ``1`` to indicate a voice channel.
-
-        If the type is a :class:`str`, then it is a type of permission overwrite which
-        can be either ``'role'`` or ``'member'``.
-
-        :type: Union[:class:`int`, :class:`str`]
+        :type: Union[:class:`ChannelType`, :class:`StickerType`]
 
     .. attribute:: topic
 
@@ -2954,6 +3196,64 @@ AuditLogDiff
 
         :type: :class:`VideoQualityMode`
 
+    .. attribute:: format_type
+
+        The format type of a sticker being changed.
+
+        See also :attr:`GuildSticker.format`
+
+        :type: :class:`StickerFormatType`
+
+    .. attribute:: emoji
+
+        The name of the emoji that represents a sticker being changed.
+
+        See also :attr:`GuildSticker.emoji`
+
+        :type: :class:`str`
+
+    .. attribute:: description
+
+        The description of a sticker being changed.
+
+        See also :attr:`GuildSticker.description`
+
+        :type: :class:`str`
+
+    .. attribute:: available
+
+        The availability of a sticker being changed.
+
+        See also :attr:`GuildSticker.available`
+
+        :type: :class:`bool`
+
+    .. attribute:: archived
+
+        The thread is now archived.
+
+        :type: :class:`bool`
+
+    .. attribute:: locked
+
+        The thread is being locked or unlocked.
+
+        :type: :class:`bool`
+
+    .. attribute:: auto_archive_duration
+
+        The thread's auto archive duration being changed.
+
+        See also :attr:`Thread.auto_archive_duration`
+
+        :type: :class:`int`
+
+    .. attribute:: default_auto_archive_duration
+
+        The default auto archive duration for newly created threads being changed.
+
+        :type: :class:`int`
+
 .. this is currently missing the following keys: reason and application_id
    I'm not sure how to about porting these
 
@@ -3260,6 +3560,14 @@ InteractionResponse
 .. autoclass:: InteractionResponse()
     :members:
 
+InteractionMessage
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. attributetable:: InteractionMessage
+
+.. autoclass:: InteractionMessage()
+    :members:
+
 Member
 ~~~~~~
 
@@ -3326,6 +3634,15 @@ RoleTags
 .. autoclass:: RoleTags()
     :members:
 
+PartialMessageable
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. attributetable:: PartialMessageable
+
+.. autoclass:: PartialMessageable()
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+
 TextChannel
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -3500,6 +3817,22 @@ Widget
 .. autoclass:: Widget()
     :members:
 
+StickerPack
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. attributetable:: StickerPack
+
+.. autoclass:: StickerPack()
+    :members:
+
+StickerItem
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. attributetable:: StickerItem
+
+.. autoclass:: StickerItem()
+    :members:
+
 Sticker
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -3508,6 +3841,30 @@ Sticker
 .. autoclass:: Sticker()
     :members:
 
+StandardSticker
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. attributetable:: StandardSticker
+
+.. autoclass:: StandardSticker()
+    :members:
+
+GuildSticker
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. attributetable:: GuildSticker
+
+.. autoclass:: GuildSticker()
+    :members:
+
+RawTypingEvent
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. attributetable:: RawTypingEvent
+
+.. autoclass:: RawTypingEvent()
+    :members:
+
 RawMessageDeleteEvent
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -3593,7 +3950,7 @@ most of these yourself, even if they can also be used to hold attributes.
 Nearly all classes here have :ref:`py:slots` defined which means that it is
 impossible to have dynamic attributes to the data classes.
 
-The only exception to this rule is :class:`abc.Snowflake`, which is made with
+The only exception to this rule is :class:`Object`, which is made with
 dynamic attributes in mind.
 
 
@@ -3807,6 +4164,17 @@ Button
 
 .. autofunction:: discord.ui.button
 
+Select
+~~~~~~~
+
+.. attributetable:: discord.ui.Select
+
+.. autoclass:: discord.ui.Select
+    :members:
+    :inherited-members:
+
+.. autofunction:: discord.ui.select
+
 
 Exceptions
 ------------
@@ -3840,6 +4208,8 @@ The following exceptions are thrown by the library.
 
 .. autoexception:: PrivilegedIntentsRequired
 
+.. autoexception:: InteractionResponded
+
 .. autoexception:: discord.opus.OpusError
 
 .. autoexception:: discord.opus.OpusNotLoaded
@@ -3857,6 +4227,7 @@ Exception Hierarchy
                 - :exc:`LoginFailure`
                 - :exc:`ConnectionClosed`
                 - :exc:`PrivilegedIntentsRequired`
+                - :exc:`InteractionResponded`
             - :exc:`NoMoreItems`
             - :exc:`GatewayNotFound`
             - :exc:`HTTPException`

docs/conf.py

@@ -18,43 +18,45 @@ import re
 # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('..'))
-sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('extensions'))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath(".."))
+sys.path.append(os.path.abspath("extensions"))
 
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
 # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-#needs_sphinx = '1.0'
+# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
 
 # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
 # extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
 # ones.
 extensions = [
-    'builder',
-    'sphinx.ext.autodoc',
-    'sphinx.ext.extlinks',
-    'sphinx.ext.intersphinx',
-    'sphinx.ext.napoleon',
-    'sphinxcontrib_trio',
-    'details',
-    'exception_hierarchy',
-    'attributetable',
-    'resourcelinks',
-    'nitpick_file_ignorer',
+    "builder",
+    "sphinx.ext.autodoc",
+    "sphinx.ext.extlinks",
+    "sphinx.ext.intersphinx",
+    "sphinx.ext.napoleon",
+    "sphinxcontrib_trio",
+    "details",
+    "exception_hierarchy",
+    "attributetable",
+    "resourcelinks",
+    "nitpick_file_ignorer",
 ]
 
-autodoc_member_order = 'bysource'
-autodoc_typehints = 'none'
+autodoc_member_order = "bysource"
+autodoc_typehints = "none"
+# maybe consider this?
+# napoleon_attr_annotations = False
 
 extlinks = {
-    'issue': ('https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/issues/%s', 'GH-'),
+    "issue": ("https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/issues/%s", "GH-"),
 }
 
 # Links used for cross-referencing stuff in other documentation
 intersphinx_mapping = {
-  'py': ('https://docs.python.org/3', None),
-  'aio': ('https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/', None),
-  'req': ('https://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/', None)
+    "py": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None),
+    "aio": ("https://docs.aiohttp.org/en/stable/", None),
+    "req": ("https://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/", None),
 }
 
 rst_prolog = """
@@ -65,20 +67,20 @@ rst_prolog = """
 """
 
 # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
+templates_path = ["_templates"]
 
 # The suffix of source filenames.
-source_suffix = '.rst'
+source_suffix = ".rst"
 
 # The encoding of source files.
-#source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
+# source_encoding = 'utf-8-sig'
 
 # The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
+master_doc = "index"
 
 # General information about the project.
-project = 'discord.py'
-copyright = '2015-present, Rapptz'
+project = "discord.py"
+copyright = "2015-present, Rapptz"
 
 # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
 # |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
@@ -86,15 +88,15 @@ copyright = '2015-present, Rapptz'
 #
 # The short X.Y version.
 
-version = ''
-with open('../discord/__init__.py') as f:
+version = ""
+with open("../discord/__init__.py") as f:
     version = re.search(r'^__version__\s*=\s*[\'"]([^\'"]*)[\'"]', f.read(), re.MULTILINE).group(1)
 
 # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
 release = version
 
 # This assumes a tag is available for final releases
-branch = 'master' if version.endswith('a') else 'v' + version
+branch = "master" if version.endswith("a") else "v" + version
 
 # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
 # for a list of supported languages.
@@ -103,49 +105,49 @@ branch = 'master' if version.endswith('a') else 'v' + version
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
 language = None
 
-locale_dirs = ['locale/']
+locale_dirs = ["locale/"]
 gettext_compact = False
 
 # There are two options for replacing |today|: either, you set today to some
 # non-false value, then it is used:
-#today = ''
+# today = ''
 # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call.
-#today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
+# today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y'
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.
-exclude_patterns = ['_build']
+exclude_patterns = ["_build"]
 
 # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all
 # documents.
-#default_role = None
+# default_role = None
 
 # If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text.
-#add_function_parentheses = True
+# add_function_parentheses = True
 
 # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description
 # unit titles (such as .. function::).
-#add_module_names = True
+# add_module_names = True
 
 # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the
 # output. They are ignored by default.
-#show_authors = False
+# show_authors = False
 
 # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = 'friendly'
+pygments_style = "friendly"
 
 # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting.
-#modindex_common_prefix = []
+# modindex_common_prefix = []
 
 # If true, keep warnings as "system message" paragraphs in the built documents.
-#keep_warnings = False
+# keep_warnings = False
 
 
 # Nitpicky mode options
 nitpick_ignore_files = [
-  "migrating_to_async",
-  "migrating",
-  "whats_new",
+    "migrating_to_async",
+    "migrating",
+    "whats_new",
 ]
 
 # -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
@@ -154,21 +156,21 @@ html_experimental_html5_writer = True
 
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
-html_theme = 'basic'
+html_theme = "basic"
 
 html_context = {
-  'discord_invite': 'https://discord.gg/r3sSKJJ',
-  'discord_extensions': [
-    ('discord.ext.commands', 'ext/commands'),
-    ('discord.ext.tasks', 'ext/tasks'),
-  ],
+    "discord_invite": "https://discord.gg/TvqYBrGXEm",
+    "discord_extensions": [
+        ("discord.ext.commands", "ext/commands"),
+        ("discord.ext.tasks", "ext/tasks"),
+    ],
 }
 
 resource_links = {
-  'discord': 'https://discord.gg/r3sSKJJ',
-  'issues': 'https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/issues',
-  'discussions': 'https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/discussions',
-  'examples': f'https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/tree/{branch}/examples',
+    "discord": "https://discord.gg/TvqYBrGXEm",
+    "issues": "https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/issues",
+    "discussions": "https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/discussions",
+    "examples": f"https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py/tree/{branch}/examples",
 }
 
 # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
@@ -178,155 +180,143 @@ resource_links = {
 # }
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory.
-#html_theme_path = []
+# html_theme_path = []
 
 # The name for this set of Sphinx documents.  If None, it defaults to
 # "<project> v<release> documentation".
-#html_title = None
+# html_title = None
 
 # A shorter title for the navigation bar.  Default is the same as html_title.
-#html_short_title = None
+# html_short_title = None
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top
 # of the sidebar.
-#html_logo = None
+# html_logo = None
 
 # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the
 # docs.  This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32
 # pixels large.
-html_favicon = './images/discord_py_logo.ico'
+html_favicon = "./images/discord_py_logo.ico"
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ["_static"]
 
 # Add any extra paths that contain custom files (such as robots.txt or
 # .htaccess) here, relative to this directory. These files are copied
 # directly to the root of the documentation.
-#html_extra_path = []
+# html_extra_path = []
 
 # If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom,
 # using the given strftime format.
-#html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
+# html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y'
 
 # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to
 # typographically correct entities.
-#html_use_smartypants = True
+# html_use_smartypants = True
 
 # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names.
-#html_sidebars = {}
+# html_sidebars = {}
 
 # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to
 # template names.
-#html_additional_pages = {}
+# html_additional_pages = {}
 
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-#html_domain_indices = True
+# html_domain_indices = True
 
 # If false, no index is generated.
-#html_use_index = True
+# html_use_index = True
 
 # If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter.
-#html_split_index = False
+# html_split_index = False
 
 # If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages.
-#html_show_sourcelink = True
+# html_show_sourcelink = True
 
 # If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#html_show_sphinx = True
+# html_show_sphinx = True
 
 # If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True.
-#html_show_copyright = True
+# html_show_copyright = True
 
 # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will
 # contain a <link> tag referring to it.  The value of this option must be the
 # base URL from which the finished HTML is served.
-#html_use_opensearch = ''
+# html_use_opensearch = ''
 
 # This is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml").
-#html_file_suffix = None
+# html_file_suffix = None
 
 # Language to be used for generating the HTML full-text search index.
 # Sphinx supports the following languages:
 #   'da', 'de', 'en', 'es', 'fi', 'fr', 'hu', 'it', 'ja'
 #   'nl', 'no', 'pt', 'ro', 'ru', 'sv', 'tr'
-#html_search_language = 'en'
+# html_search_language = 'en'
 
 # A dictionary with options for the search language support, empty by default.
 # Now only 'ja' uses this config value
-#html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
+# html_search_options = {'type': 'default'}
 
 # The name of a javascript file (relative to the configuration directory) that
 # implements a search results scorer. If empty, the default will be used.
-html_search_scorer = '_static/scorer.js'
+html_search_scorer = "_static/scorer.js"
 
-html_js_files = [
-  'custom.js',
-  'settings.js',
-  'copy.js',
-  'sidebar.js'
-]
+html_js_files = ["custom.js", "settings.js", "copy.js", "sidebar.js"]
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'discord.pydoc'
+htmlhelp_basename = "discord.pydoc"
 
 # -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
 
 latex_elements = {
-# The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-#'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
-# The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-#'pointsize': '10pt',
-
-# Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-#'preamble': '',
-
-# Latex figure (float) alignment
-#'figure_align': 'htbp',
+    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
+    #'papersize': 'letterpaper',
+    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
+    #'pointsize': '10pt',
+    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
+    #'preamble': '',
+    # Latex figure (float) alignment
+    #'figure_align': 'htbp',
 }
 
 # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
 # (source start file, target name, title,
 #  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
 latex_documents = [
-  ('index', 'discord.py.tex', 'discord.py Documentation',
-   'Rapptz', 'manual'),
+    ("index", "discord.py.tex", "discord.py Documentation", "Rapptz", "manual"),
 ]
 
 # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of
 # the title page.
-#latex_logo = None
+# latex_logo = None
 
 # For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts,
 # not chapters.
-#latex_use_parts = False
+# latex_use_parts = False
 
 # If true, show page references after internal links.
-#latex_show_pagerefs = False
+# latex_show_pagerefs = False
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#latex_show_urls = False
+# latex_show_urls = False
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#latex_appendices = []
+# latex_appendices = []
 
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-#latex_domain_indices = True
+# latex_domain_indices = True
 
 
 # -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
 
 # One entry per manual page. List of tuples
 # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [
-    ('index', 'discord.py', 'discord.py Documentation',
-     ['Rapptz'], 1)
-]
+man_pages = [("index", "discord.py", "discord.py Documentation", ["Rapptz"], 1)]
 
 # If true, show URL addresses after external links.
-#man_show_urls = False
+# man_show_urls = False
 
 
 # -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
@@ -335,25 +325,32 @@ man_pages = [
 # (source start file, target name, title, author,
 #  dir menu entry, description, category)
 texinfo_documents = [
-  ('index', 'discord.py', 'discord.py Documentation',
-   'Rapptz', 'discord.py', 'One line description of project.',
-   'Miscellaneous'),
+    (
+        "index",
+        "discord.py",
+        "discord.py Documentation",
+        "Rapptz",
+        "discord.py",
+        "One line description of project.",
+        "Miscellaneous",
+    ),
 ]
 
 # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals.
-#texinfo_appendices = []
+# texinfo_appendices = []
 
 # If false, no module index is generated.
-#texinfo_domain_indices = True
+# texinfo_domain_indices = True
 
 # How to display URL addresses: 'footnote', 'no', or 'inline'.
-#texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
+# texinfo_show_urls = 'footnote'
 
 # If true, do not generate a @detailmenu in the "Top" node's menu.
-#texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
+# texinfo_no_detailmenu = False
+
 
 def setup(app):
-  if app.config.language == 'ja':
-    app.config.intersphinx_mapping['py'] = ('https://docs.python.org/ja/3', None)
-    app.config.html_context['discord_invite'] = 'https://discord.gg/nXzj3dg'
-    app.config.resource_links['discord'] = 'https://discord.gg/nXzj3dg'
+    if app.config.language == "ja":
+        app.config.intersphinx_mapping["py"] = ("https://docs.python.org/ja/3", None)
+        app.config.html_context["discord_invite"] = "https://discord.gg/TvqYBrGXEm"
+        app.config.resource_links["discord"] = "https://discord.gg/TvqYBrGXEm"

docs/ext/commands/api.rst

@@ -18,6 +18,31 @@ Bot
 .. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.Bot
     :members:
     :inherited-members:
+    :exclude-members: after_invoke, before_invoke, check, check_once, command, event, group, listen
+
+    .. automethod:: Bot.after_invoke()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Bot.before_invoke()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Bot.check()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Bot.check_once()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Bot.command(*args, **kwargs)
+        :decorator:
+    
+    .. automethod:: Bot.event()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Bot.group(*args, **kwargs)
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Bot.listen(name=None)
+        :decorator:
 
 AutoShardedBot
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -84,8 +109,10 @@ Decorators
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
 .. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.command
+    :decorator:
 
 .. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.group
+    :decorator:
 
 Command
 ~~~~~~~~~
@@ -95,6 +122,16 @@ Command
 .. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.Command
     :members:
     :special-members: __call__
+    :exclude-members: after_invoke, before_invoke, error
+
+    .. automethod:: Command.after_invoke()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Command.before_invoke()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Command.error()
+        :decorator:
 
 Group
 ~~~~~~
@@ -104,6 +141,22 @@ Group
 .. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.Group
     :members:
     :inherited-members:
+    :exclude-members: after_invoke, before_invoke, command, error, group
+
+    .. automethod:: Group.after_invoke()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Group.before_invoke()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Group.command(*args, **kwargs)
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Group.error()
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: Group.group(*args, **kwargs)
+        :decorator:
 
 GroupMixin
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -112,6 +165,13 @@ GroupMixin
 
 .. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.GroupMixin
     :members:
+    :exclude-members: command, group
+
+    .. automethod:: GroupMixin.command(*args, **kwargs)
+        :decorator:
+
+    .. automethod:: GroupMixin.group(*args, **kwargs)
+        :decorator:
 
 .. _ext_commands_api_cogs:
 
@@ -211,44 +271,73 @@ Enums
 Checks
 -------
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.check
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.check(predicate)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.check_any
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.check_any(*checks)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.has_role
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.has_role(item)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.has_permissions
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.has_permissions(**perms)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.has_guild_permissions
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.has_guild_permissions(**perms)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.has_any_role
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.has_any_role(*items)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.bot_has_role
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.bot_has_role(item)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.bot_has_permissions
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.bot_has_permissions(**perms)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.bot_has_guild_permissions
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.bot_has_guild_permissions(**perms)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.bot_has_any_role
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.bot_has_any_role(*items)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.cooldown
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.cooldown(rate, per, type=discord.ext.commands.BucketType.default)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.max_concurrency
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.dynamic_cooldown(cooldown, type=BucketType.default)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.before_invoke
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.max_concurrency(number, per=discord.ext.commands.BucketType.default, *, wait=False)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.after_invoke
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.before_invoke(coro)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.guild_only
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.after_invoke(coro)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.dm_only
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.guild_only(,)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.is_owner
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.dm_only(,)
+    :decorator:
 
-.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.is_nsfw
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.is_owner(,)
+    :decorator:
+
+.. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.is_nsfw(,)
+    :decorator:
 
 .. _ext_commands_api_context:
 
+Cooldown
+---------
+
+.. attributetable:: discord.ext.commands.Cooldown
+
+.. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.Cooldown
+    :members:
+
 Context
 --------
 
@@ -327,6 +416,12 @@ Converters
 .. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.PartialEmojiConverter
     :members:
 
+.. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.ThreadConverter
+    :members:
+
+.. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.GuildStickerConverter
+    :members:
+
 .. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.clean_content
     :members:
 
@@ -334,6 +429,12 @@ Converters
 
 .. autofunction:: discord.ext.commands.run_converters
 
+Option
+~~~~~~
+
+.. autoclass:: discord.ext.commands.Option
+    :members:
+
 Flag Converter
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
@@ -434,6 +535,9 @@ Exceptions
 .. autoexception:: discord.ext.commands.ChannelNotReadable
     :members:
 
+.. autoexception:: discord.ext.commands.ThreadNotFound
+    :members:
+
 .. autoexception:: discord.ext.commands.BadColourArgument
     :members:
 
@@ -449,6 +553,9 @@ Exceptions
 .. autoexception:: discord.ext.commands.PartialEmojiConversionFailure
     :members:
 
+.. autoexception:: discord.ext.commands.GuildStickerNotFound
+    :members:
+
 .. autoexception:: discord.ext.commands.BadBoolArgument
     :members:
 
@@ -524,6 +631,7 @@ Exception Hierarchy
                 - :exc:`~.commands.BadArgument`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.MessageNotFound`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.MemberNotFound`
+                    - :exc:`~.commands.GuildNotFound`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.UserNotFound`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.ChannelNotFound`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.ChannelNotReadable`
@@ -531,8 +639,10 @@ Exception Hierarchy
                     - :exc:`~.commands.RoleNotFound`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.BadInviteArgument`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.EmojiNotFound`
+                    - :exc:`~.commands.GuildStickerNotFound`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.PartialEmojiConversionFailure`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.BadBoolArgument`
+                    - :exc:`~.commands.ThreadNotFound`
                     - :exc:`~.commands.FlagError`
                         - :exc:`~.commands.BadFlagArgument`
                         - :exc:`~.commands.MissingFlagArgument`

docs/ext/commands/commands.rst

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 Commands
 ==========
 
-One of the most appealing aspect of the command extension is how easy it is to define commands and
+One of the most appealing aspects of the command extension is how easy it is to define commands and
 how you can arbitrarily nest groups and commands to have a rich sub-command system.
 
 Commands are defined by attaching it to a regular Python function. The command is then invoked by the user using a similar
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ the name to something other than the function would be as simple as doing this:
     async def _list(ctx, arg):
         pass
 
+
 Parameters
 ------------
 
@@ -133,6 +134,11 @@ at all:
 Since the ``args`` variable is a :class:`py:tuple`,
 you can do anything you would usually do with one.
 
+.. admonition:: Slash Command Only
+
+    This functionally is currently not supported by the slash command API, so is turned into
+    a single ``STRING`` parameter on discord's end which we do our own parsing on.
+
 Keyword-Only Arguments
 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 
@@ -179,6 +185,12 @@ know how the command was executed. It contains a lot of useful information:
 The context implements the :class:`abc.Messageable` interface, so anything you can do on a :class:`abc.Messageable` you
 can do on the :class:`~ext.commands.Context`.
 
+.. admonition:: Slash Command Only
+
+    :attr:`.Context.message` will be fake if in a slash command, it is not
+    recommended to access if :attr:`.Context.interaction` is not None as most
+    methods will error due to the message not actually existing.
+
 Converters
 ------------
 
@@ -392,6 +404,7 @@ A lot of discord models work out of the gate as a parameter:
 - :class:`Colour`
 - :class:`Emoji`
 - :class:`PartialEmoji`
+- :class:`Thread` (since v2.0)
 
 Having any of these set as the converter will intelligently convert the argument to the appropriate target type you
 specify.
@@ -399,45 +412,55 @@ specify.
 Under the hood, these are implemented by the :ref:`ext_commands_adv_converters` interface. A table of the equivalent
 converter is given below:
 
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-|     Discord Class        |                    Converter                    |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`Object`          | :class:`~ext.commands.ObjectConverter`          |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`Member`          | :class:`~ext.commands.MemberConverter`          |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`User`            | :class:`~ext.commands.UserConverter`            |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`Message`         | :class:`~ext.commands.MessageConverter`         |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`PartialMessage`  | :class:`~ext.commands.PartialMessageConverter`  |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`.GuildChannel`   | :class:`~ext.commands.GuildChannelConverter`    |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`TextChannel`     | :class:`~ext.commands.TextChannelConverter`     |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`VoiceChannel`    | :class:`~ext.commands.VoiceChannelConverter`    |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`StageChannel`    | :class:`~ext.commands.StageChannelConverter`    |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`StoreChannel`    | :class:`~ext.commands.StoreChannelConverter`    |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`CategoryChannel` | :class:`~ext.commands.CategoryChannelConverter` |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`Invite`          | :class:`~ext.commands.InviteConverter`          |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`Guild`           | :class:`~ext.commands.GuildConverter`           |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`Role`            | :class:`~ext.commands.RoleConverter`            |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`Game`            | :class:`~ext.commands.GameConverter`            |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`Colour`          | :class:`~ext.commands.ColourConverter`          |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`Emoji`           | :class:`~ext.commands.EmojiConverter`           |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
-| :class:`PartialEmoji`    | :class:`~ext.commands.PartialEmojiConverter`    |
-+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+|     Discord Class        |                    Converter                    | Supported By Slash Commands |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Object`          | :class:`~ext.commands.ObjectConverter`          | Not currently               |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Member`          | :class:`~ext.commands.MemberConverter`          | Yes, as type 6 (USER)       |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`User`            | :class:`~ext.commands.UserConverter`            | Yes, as type 6 (USER)       |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Message`         | :class:`~ext.commands.MessageConverter`         | Not currently               |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`PartialMessage`  | :class:`~ext.commands.PartialMessageConverter`  | Not currently               |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`.GuildChannel`   | :class:`~ext.commands.GuildChannelConverter`    | Yes, as type 7 (CHANNEL)    |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`TextChannel`     | :class:`~ext.commands.TextChannelConverter`     | Yes, as type 7 (CHANNEL)    |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`VoiceChannel`    | :class:`~ext.commands.VoiceChannelConverter`    | Yes, as type 7 (CHANNEL)    |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`StageChannel`    | :class:`~ext.commands.StageChannelConverter`    | Yes, as type 7 (CHANNEL)    |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`StoreChannel`    | :class:`~ext.commands.StoreChannelConverter`    | Yes, as type 7 (CHANNEL)    |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`CategoryChannel` | :class:`~ext.commands.CategoryChannelConverter` | Yes, as type 7 (CHANNEL)    |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Thread`          | :class:`~ext.commands.ThreadConverter`          | Yes, as type 7 (CHANNEL)    |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Invite`          | :class:`~ext.commands.InviteConverter`          | Not currently               |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Guild`           | :class:`~ext.commands.GuildConverter`           | Not currently               |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Role`            | :class:`~ext.commands.RoleConverter`            | Yes, as type 8 (ROLE)       |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Game`            | :class:`~ext.commands.GameConverter`            | Not currently               |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Colour`          | :class:`~ext.commands.ColourConverter`          | Not currently               |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`Emoji`           | :class:`~ext.commands.EmojiConverter`           | Not currently               |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| :class:`PartialEmoji`    | :class:`~ext.commands.PartialEmojiConverter`    | Not currently               |
++--------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------+
+
+.. admonition:: Slash Command Only
+
+    If a slash command is not marked on the table above as supported, it will be sent as type 3 (STRING)
+    and parsed by normal content parsing, see
+    `the discord documentation <https://discord.com/developers/docs/interactions/application-commands#application-command-object-application-command-option-type>`_
+    for all supported types by the API.
+
 
 By providing the converter it allows us to use them as building blocks for another converter:
 
@@ -484,6 +507,10 @@ then a special error is raised, :exc:`~ext.commands.BadUnionArgument`.
 
 Note that any valid converter discussed above can be passed in to the argument list of a :data:`typing.Union`.
 
+.. admonition:: Slash Command Only
+
+    These are not currently supported by the Discord API and will be sent as type 3 (STRING)
+
 typing.Optional
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
@@ -677,6 +704,11 @@ In order to customise the flag syntax we also have a few options that can be pas
     a command line parser. The syntax is mainly inspired by Discord's search bar input and as a result
     all flags need a corresponding value.
 
+.. admonition:: Slash Command Only
+
+    As these are built very similar to slash command options, they are converted into options and parsed
+    back into flags when the slash command is executed.
+
 The flag converter is similar to regular commands and allows you to use most types of converters
 (with the exception of :class:`~ext.commands.Greedy`) as the type annotation. Some extra support is added for specific
 annotations as described below.