Implement rate limit headers.

discord/http.py

@@ -29,8 +29,9 @@ import asyncio
 import json
 import sys
 import logging
-import inspect
 import weakref
+import datetime
+from email.utils import parsedate_to_datetime
 from random import randint as random_integer
 
 log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -45,9 +46,41 @@ def json_or_text(response):
         return json.loads(text)
     return text
 
-def _func_():
-    # emulate __func__ from C++
-    return inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_code.co_name
+class Route:
+    BASE = 'https://discordapp.com/api/v6'
+
+    def __init__(self, method, path, **parameters):
+        self.path = path
+        self.method = method
+        url = (self.BASE + self.path)
+        if parameters:
+            self.url = url.format(**parameters)
+        else:
+            self.url = url
+
+        # major parameters:
+        self.channel_id = parameters.get('channel_id')
+        self.guild_id = parameters.get('guild_id')
+
+    @property
+    def bucket(self):
+        # the bucket is just method + path w/ major parameters
+        return '{0.method}:{0.channel_id}:{0.guild_id}:{0.path}'.format(self)
+
+class MaybeUnlock:
+    def __init__(self, lock):
+        self.lock = lock
+        self._unlock = True
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def defer(self):
+        self._unlock = False
+
+    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
+        if self._unlock:
+            self.lock.release()
 
 class HTTPClient:
     """Represents an HTTP client sending HTTP requests to the Discord API."""
@@ -72,6 +105,7 @@ class HTTPClient:
         self.connector = connector
         self.session = aiohttp.ClientSession(connector=connector, loop=self.loop)
         self._locks = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+        self._global_lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
         self.token = None
         self.bot_token = False
 
@@ -79,7 +113,11 @@ class HTTPClient:
         self.user_agent = user_agent.format(__version__, sys.version_info, aiohttp.__version__)
 
     @asyncio.coroutine
-    def request(self, method, url, *, bucket=None, **kwargs):
+    def request(self, route, *, header_bypass_delay=None, **kwargs):
+        bucket = route.bucket
+        method = route.method
+        url = route.url
+
         lock = self._locks.get(bucket)
         if lock is None:
             lock = asyncio.Lock(loop=self.loop)
@@ -100,7 +138,13 @@ class HTTPClient:
             kwargs['data'] = utils.to_json(kwargs.pop('json'))
 
         kwargs['headers'] = headers
-        with (yield from lock):
+
+        if self._global_lock.locked():
+            # wait until the global lock is complete
+            yield from self._global_lock
+
+        yield from lock
+        with MaybeUnlock(lock) as maybe_lock:
             for tries in range(5):
                 r = yield from self.session.request(method, url, **kwargs)
                 log.debug(self.REQUEST_LOG.format(method=method, url=url, status=r.status, json=kwargs.get('data')))
@@ -108,6 +152,22 @@ class HTTPClient:
                     # even errors have text involved in them so this is safe to call
                     data = yield from json_or_text(r)
 
+                    # check if we have rate limit header information
+                    remaining = r.headers.get('X-Ratelimit-Remaining')
+                    if remaining == '0':
+                        # we've depleted our current bucket
+                        if header_bypass_delay is None:
+                            now = parsedate_to_datetime(r.headers['Date'])
+                            reset = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(int(r.headers['X-Ratelimit-Reset']), datetime.timezone.utc)
+                            delta = (reset - now).total_seconds()
+                        else:
+                            delta = header_bypass_delay
+
+                        fmt = 'A rate limit bucket has been exhausted (bucket: {bucket}, retry: {delta}).'
+                        log.info(fmt.format(bucket=bucket, delta=delta))
+                        maybe_lock.defer()
+                        self.loop.call_later(delta, lock.release)
+
                     # the request was successful so just return the text/json
                     if 300 > r.status >= 200:
                         log.debug(self.SUCCESS_LOG.format(method=method, url=url, text=data))
@@ -120,7 +180,21 @@ class HTTPClient:
                         # sleep a bit
                         retry_after = data['retry_after'] / 1000.0
                         log.info(fmt.format(retry_after, bucket))
+
+                        # check if it's a global rate limit
+                        is_global = data.get('global', False)
+                        if is_global:
+                            log.info('Global rate limit has been hit. Retrying in {:.2} seconds.'.format(retry_after))
+                            # acquire the global lock and block all processing
+                            yield from self._global_lock
+
                         yield from asyncio.sleep(retry_after, loop=self.loop)
+
+                        # release the global lock now that the
+                        # global rate limit has passed
+                        if is_global:
+                            self._global_lock.release()
+
                         continue
 
                     # we've received a 502, unconditional retry
@@ -177,7 +251,7 @@ class HTTPClient:
         }
 
         try:
-            data = yield from self.post(self.LOGIN, json=payload, bucket=_func_())
+            data = yield from self.request(Route('POST', '/auth/login'), json=payload)
         except HTTPException as e:
             if e.response.status == 400:
                 raise LoginFailure('Improper credentials have been passed.') from e
@@ -192,7 +266,7 @@ class HTTPClient:
         self._token(token, bot=bot)
 
         try:
-            data = yield from self.get(self.ME)
+            data = yield from self.request(Route('GET', '/users/@me'))
         except HTTPException as e:
             self._token(old_token, bot=old_bot)
             if e.response.status == 401:
@@ -202,7 +276,7 @@ class HTTPClient:
         return data
 
     def logout(self):
-        return self.post(self.LOGOUT, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('POST', '/auth/logout'))
 
     # Message management
 
@@ -211,10 +285,12 @@ class HTTPClient:
             'recipient_id': user_id
         }
 
-        return self.post(self.ME + '/channels', json=payload, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('POST', '/users/@me/channels'), json=payload)
+
+    # TODO: remove guild_id parameters here
 
     def send_message(self, channel_id, content, *, guild_id=None, tts=False, embed=None):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages'.format(self, channel_id)
+        r = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages', channel_id=channel_id)
         payload = {
             'nonce': random_integer(-2**63, 2**63 - 1)
         }
@@ -228,14 +304,13 @@ class HTTPClient:
         if embed:
             payload['embed'] = embed
 
-        return self.post(url, json=payload, bucket='messages:' + str(guild_id))
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     def send_typing(self, channel_id):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/typing'.format(self, channel_id)
-        return self.post(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/typing', channel_id=channel_id))
 
     def send_file(self, channel_id, buffer, *, guild_id=None, filename=None, content=None, tts=False, embed=None):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages'.format(self, channel_id)
+        r = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages', channel_id=channel_id)
         form = aiohttp.FormData()
 
         payload = {'tts': tts}
@@ -247,23 +322,24 @@ class HTTPClient:
         form.add_field('payload_json', utils.to_json(payload))
         form.add_field('file', buffer, filename=filename, content_type='application/octet-stream')
 
-        return self.post(url, data=form, bucket='messages:' + str(guild_id))
+        return self.request(r, data=form)
 
     def delete_message(self, channel_id, message_id, guild_id=None):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages/{2}'.format(self, channel_id, message_id)
-        bucket = '{}:{}'.format(_func_(), guild_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=bucket)
+        r = Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}', channel_id=channel_id,
+                                                                            message_id=message_id)
+        return self.request(r)
 
     def delete_messages(self, channel_id, message_ids, guild_id=None):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages/bulk_delete'.format(self, channel_id)
+        r = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/bulk_delete', channel_id=channel_id)
         payload = {
             'messages': message_ids
         }
-        bucket = '{}:{}'.format(_func_(), guild_id)
-        return self.post(url, json=payload, bucket=bucket)
+
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     def edit_message(self, message_id, channel_id, content, *, guild_id=None, embed=None):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages/{2}'.format(self, channel_id, message_id)
+        r = Route('PATCH', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}', channel_id=channel_id,
+                                                                           message_id=message_id)
         payload = {}
 
         if content:
@@ -272,33 +348,36 @@ class HTTPClient:
         if embed:
             payload['embed'] = embed
 
-        return self.patch(url, json=payload, bucket='messages:' + str(guild_id))
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     def add_reaction(self, message_id, channel_id, emoji):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages/{2}/reactions/{3}/@me'.format(
-            self, channel_id, message_id, emoji)
-        return self.put(url, bucket='%s:%s' % (_func_(), channel_id))
+        r = Route('PUT', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions/{emoji}/@me',
+                  channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id, emoji=emoji)
+        return self.request(r, header_bypass_delay=0.25)
 
     def remove_reaction(self, message_id, channel_id, emoji, member_id):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages/{2}/reactions/{3}/{4}'.format(
-            self, channel_id, message_id, emoji, member_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket='%s:%s' % (_func_(), channel_id))
+        r = Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions/{emoji}/{member_id}',
+                  channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id, member_id=member_id, emoji=emoji)
+        return self.request(r, header_bypass_delay=0.25)
 
     def get_reaction_users(self, message_id, channel_id, emoji, limit, after=None):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages/{2}/reactions/{3}'.format(
-            self, channel_id, message_id, emoji)
+        r = Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions/{emoji}',
+                         channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id, emoji=emoji)
+
         params = {'limit': limit}
         if after:
             params['after'] = after
-        return self.get(url, params=params, bucket='%s:%s' % (_func_(), channel_id))
+        return self.request(r, params=params)
 
     def clear_reactions(self, message_id, channel_id):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages/{2}/reactions'.format(self, channel_id, message_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket='%s:%s' % (_func_(), channel_id))
+        r = Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}/reactions',
+                  channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id)
+
+        return self.request(r)
 
     def get_message(self, channel_id, message_id):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages/{2}'.format(self, channel_id, message_id)
-        return self.get(url, bucket=_func_())
+        r = Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages/{message_id}', channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id)
+        return self.request(r)
 
     def logs_from(self, channel_id, limit, before=None, after=None, around=None):
         url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/messages'.format(self, channel_id)
@@ -313,39 +392,38 @@ class HTTPClient:
         if around:
             params['around'] = around
 
-        return self.get(url, params=params, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/messages', channel_id=channel_id), params=params)
 
     def pin_message(self, channel_id, message_id):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/pins/{2}'.format(self, channel_id, message_id)
-        return self.put(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('PUT', '/channels/{channel_id}/pins/{message_id}',
+                            channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id))
 
     def unpin_message(self, channel_id, message_id):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/pins/{2}'.format(self, channel_id, message_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}/pins/{message_id}',
+                            channel_id=channel_id, message_id=message_id))
 
     def pins_from(self, channel_id):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/pins'.format(self, channel_id)
-        return self.get(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/pins/', channel_id=channel_id))
 
     # Member management
 
     def kick(self, user_id, guild_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/members/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, user_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=_func_())
+        r = Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
+        return self.request(r)
 
     def ban(self, user_id, guild_id, delete_message_days=1):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/bans/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, user_id)
+        r = Route('PUT', '/guilds/{guild_id}/bans/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
         params = {
             'delete-message-days': delete_message_days
         }
-        return self.put(url, params=params, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(r, params=params)
 
     def unban(self, user_id, guild_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/bans/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, user_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=_func_())
+        r = Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/bans/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
+        return self.request(r)
 
     def guild_voice_state(self, user_id, guild_id, *, mute=None, deafen=None):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/members/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, user_id)
+        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
         payload = {}
         if mute is not None:
             payload['mute'] = mute
@@ -353,7 +431,7 @@ class HTTPClient:
         if deafen is not None:
             payload['deaf'] = deafen
 
-        return self.patch(url, json=payload, bucket='members:' + str(guild_id))
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     def edit_profile(self, password, username, avatar, **fields):
         payload = {
@@ -368,28 +446,24 @@ class HTTPClient:
         if 'new_password' in fields:
             payload['new_password'] = fields['new_password']
 
-        return self.patch(self.ME, json=payload, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('PATCH', '/users/@me'), json=payload)
 
     def change_my_nickname(self, guild_id, nickname):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/members/@me/nick'.format(self, guild_id)
         payload = {
             'nick': nickname
         }
-        bucket = '{}:{}'.format(_func_(), guild_id)
-        return self.patch(url, json=payload, bucket=bucket)
+        return self.request(Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/@me/nick', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload)
 
     def change_nickname(self, guild_id, user_id, nickname):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/members/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, user_id)
+        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
         payload = {
             'nick': nickname
         }
-        bucket = 'members:{}'.format(guild_id)
-        return self.patch(url, json=payload, bucket=bucket)
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     def edit_member(self, guild_id, user_id, **fields):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/members/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, user_id)
-        bucket = 'members:%s' % guild_id
-        return self.patch(url, json=fields, bucket=bucket)
+        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}', guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id)
+        return self.request(r, json=fields, bucket=bucket)
 
     # Channel management
 
@@ -401,10 +475,9 @@ class HTTPClient:
             k: v for k, v in options.items() if k in valid_keys
         }
 
-        return self.patch(url, json=payload, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('PATCH', '/channels/{channel_id}', channel_id=channel_id), json=payload)
 
     def create_channel(self, guild_id, name, channe_type, permission_overwrites=None):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/channels'.format(self, guild_id)
         payload = {
             'name': name,
             'type': channe_type
@@ -413,21 +486,18 @@ class HTTPClient:
         if permission_overwrites is not None:
             payload['permission_overwrites'] = permission_overwrites
 
-        return self.post(url, json=payload, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/channels', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload)
 
     def delete_channel(self, channel_id):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}'.format(self, channel_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}', channel_id=channel_id))
 
     # Guild management
 
     def leave_guild(self, guild_id):
-        url = '{0.USERS}/@me/guilds/{1}'.format(self, guild_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/users/@me/guilds/{guild_id}', guild_id=guild_id))
 
     def delete_guild(self, guild_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}'.format(self, guild_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}', guild_id=guild_id))
 
     def create_guild(self, name, region, icon):
         payload = {
@@ -436,7 +506,7 @@ class HTTPClient:
             'region': region
         }
 
-        return self.post(self.GUILDS, json=payload, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('POST', '/guilds'), json=payload)
 
     def edit_guild(self, guild_id, **fields):
         valid_keys = ('name', 'region', 'icon', 'afk_timeout', 'owner_id',
@@ -446,26 +516,22 @@ class HTTPClient:
             k: v for k, v in fields.items() if k in valid_keys
         }
 
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}'.format(self, guild_id)
-        return self.patch(url, json=payload, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}', guild_id=guild_id), json=payload)
 
     def get_bans(self, guild_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/bans'.format(self, guild_id)
-        return self.get(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/bans', guild_id=guild_id))
 
     def prune_members(self, guild_id, days):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/prune'.format(self, guild_id)
         params = {
             'days': days
         }
-        return self.post(url, params=params, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/prune', guild_id=guild_id), params=params)
 
     def estimate_pruned_members(self, guild_id, days):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/prune'.format(self, guild_id)
         params = {
             'days': days
         }
-        return self.get(url, params=params, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/prune', guild_id=guild_id), params=params)
 
     def create_custom_emoji(self, guild_id, name, image):
         payload = {
@@ -473,117 +539,105 @@ class HTTPClient:
             'image': image
         }
 
-        bucket = '%s:%s' % (_func_(), guild_id)
-        return self.post('{0.GUILDS}/{1}/emojis'.format(self, guild_id), json=payload, bucket=bucket)
+        r = Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/emojis', guild_id=guild_id)
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     def delete_custom_emoji(self, guild_id, emoji_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/emojis/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, emoji_id)
-        bucket = '%s:%s' % (_func_(), guild_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=bucket)
+        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/emojis/{emoji_id}', guild_id=guild_id, emoji_id=emoji_id))
 
     def edit_custom_emoji(self, guild_id, emoji_id, *, name):
         payload = {
             'name': name
         }
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/emojis/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, emoji_id)
-        bucket = '%s:%s' % (_func_(), guild_id)
-        return self.patch(url, bucket=bucket, json=payload)
+        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/emojis/{emoji_id}', guild_id=guild_id, emoji_id=emoji_id)
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     # Invite management
 
     def create_invite(self, channel_id, **options):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/invites'.format(self, channel_id)
+        r = Route('POST', '/channels/{channel_id}/invites', channel_id=channel_id)
         payload = {
             'max_age': options.get('max_age', 0),
             'max_uses': options.get('max_uses', 0),
-            'temporary': options.get('temporary', False),
-            'xkcdpass': options.get('xkcd', False)
+            'temporary': options.get('temporary', False)
         }
 
-        return self.post(url, json=payload, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     def get_invite(self, invite_id):
-        url = '{0.API_BASE}/invite/{1}'.format(self, invite_id)
-        return self.get(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('GET', '/invite/{invite_id}', invite_id=invite_id))
 
     def invites_from(self, guild_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/invites'.format(self, guild_id)
-        return self.get(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('GET', '/guilds/{guild_id}/invites', guild_id=guild_id))
+
+    def invites_from_channel(self, channel_id):
+        return self.request(Route('GET', '/channels/{channel_id}/invites', channel_id=channel_id))
 
     def accept_invite(self, invite_id):
-        url = '{0.API_BASE}/invite/{1}'.format(self, invite_id)
-        return self.post(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('POST', '/invite/{invite_id}', invite_id=invite_id))
 
     def delete_invite(self, invite_id):
-        url = '{0.API_BASE}/invite/{1}'.format(self, invite_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('DELETE', '/invite/{invite_id}', invite_id=invite_id))
 
     # Role management
 
     def edit_role(self, guild_id, role_id, **fields):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/roles/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, role_id)
+        r = Route('PATCH', '/guilds/{guild_id}/roles/{role_id}', guild_id=guild_id, role_id=role_id)
         valid_keys = ('name', 'permissions', 'color', 'hoist', 'mentionable')
         payload = {
             k: v for k, v in fields.items() if k in valid_keys
         }
-        return self.patch(url, json=payload, bucket='roles:' + str(guild_id))
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     def delete_role(self, guild_id, role_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/roles/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, role_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=_func_())
+        r = Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/roles/{role_id}', guild_id=guild_id, role_id=role_id)
+        return self.request(r)
 
     def replace_roles(self, user_id, guild_id, role_ids):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/members/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, user_id)
-        payload = {
-            'roles': role_ids
-        }
-        return self.patch(url, json=payload, bucket='members:' + str(guild_id))
+        return self.edit_member(guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id, roles=role_ids)
 
     def create_role(self, guild_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/roles'.format(self, guild_id)
-        return self.post(url, bucket=_func_())
+        r = Route('POST', '/guilds/{guild_id}/roles/', guild_id=guild_id)
+        return self.request(r)
 
-    def add_role(self, guild_id, member_id, role_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/members/{2}/{3}'.format(self, guild_id, member_id, role_id)
-        return self.put(url, bucket='%s:%s' % (_func_(), guild_id))
+    def add_role(self, guild_id, user_id, role_id):
+        r = Route('PUT', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}/roles/{role_id}',
+                  guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id, role_id=role_id)
+        return self.request(r)
 
-    def remove_role(self, guild_id, member_id, role_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/members/{2}/{3}'.format(self, guild_id, member_id, role_id)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket='%s:%s' % (_func_(), guild_id))
+    def remove_role(self, guild_id, user_id, role_id):
+        r = Route('DELETE', '/guilds/{guild_id}/members/{user_id}/roles/{role_id}',
+                  guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id, role_id=role_id)
+        return self.request(r)
 
     def edit_channel_permissions(self, channel_id, target, allow, deny, type):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/permissions/{2}'.format(self, channel_id, target)
         payload = {
             'id': target,
             'allow': allow,
             'deny': deny,
             'type': type
         }
-        return self.put(url, json=payload, bucket=_func_())
+        r = Route('PUT', '/channels/{channel_id}/permissions/{target}', channel_id=channel_id, target=target)
+        return self.request(r, json=payload)
 
     def delete_channel_permissions(self, channel_id, target):
-        url = '{0.CHANNELS}/{1}/permissions/{2}'.format(self, channel_id, target)
-        return self.delete(url, bucket=_func_())
+        r = Route('DELETE', '/channels/{channel_id}/permissions/{target}', channel_id=channel_id, target=target)
+        return self.request(r)
 
     # Voice management
 
     def move_member(self, user_id, guild_id, channel_id):
-        url = '{0.GUILDS}/{1}/members/{2}'.format(self, guild_id, user_id)
-        payload = {
-            'channel_id': channel_id
-        }
-        return self.patch(url, json=payload, bucket='members:' + str(guild_id))
+        return self.edit_member(guild_id=guild_id, user_id=user_id, channel_id=channel_id)
 
     # Misc
 
     def application_info(self):
-        url = '{0.APPLICATIONS}/@me'.format(self)
-        return self.get(url, bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('GET', '/oauth/applications/@me'))
 
     @asyncio.coroutine
     def get_gateway(self):
         try:
-            data = yield from self.get(self.GATEWAY, bucket=_func_())
+            data = yield from self.request(Route('GET', '/gateway'))
         except HTTPException as e:
             raise GatewayNotFound() from e
         return data.get('url') + '?encoding=json&v=6'
@@ -591,11 +645,11 @@ class HTTPClient:
     @asyncio.coroutine
     def get_bot_gateway(self):
         try:
-            data = yield from self.get(self.GATEWAY + '/bot', bucket=_func_())
+            data = yield from self.request(Route('GET', '/gateway/bot'))
         except HTTPException as e:
             raise GatewayNotFound() from e
         else:
             return data['shards'], data['url'] + '?encoding=json&v=6'
 
     def get_user_info(self, user_id):
-        return self.get('{0.USERS}/{1}'.format(self, user_id), bucket=_func_())
+        return self.request(Route('GET', '/users/{user_id}', user_id=user_id))