[commands] Allow converters to be instantiated.

This allows for you to create converters that can have varying
behaviour using the converter's __init__ instead of having to do a
meta-class based approach to get around the fact that __init__ is part
of the interface.

To make up for the lack of __init__, a new method Converter.prepare was
added to do the work that __init__ used to do.

discord/ext/commands/converter.py

@@ -54,6 +54,9 @@ class Converter:
     to do its conversion logic. This method could be a coroutine or a regular
     function.
 
+    Before the convert method is called, :meth:`prepare` is called. This
+    method must set the attributes below if overwritten.
+
     Attributes
     -----------
     ctx: :class:`Context`
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@ class Converter:
     argument: str
         The argument that is being converted.
     """
-    def __init__(self, ctx, argument):
+    def prepare(self, ctx, argument):
         self.ctx = ctx
         self.argument = argument
 
@@ -69,8 +72,7 @@ class Converter:
         raise NotImplementedError('Derived classes need to implement this.')
 
 class IDConverter(Converter):
-    def __init__(self, ctx, argument):
-        super().__init__(ctx, argument)
+    def __init__(self):
         self._id_regex = re.compile(r'([0-9]{15,21})$')
 
     def _get_id_match(self):

discord/ext/commands/core.py

@@ -203,11 +203,15 @@ class Command:
             converter = getattr(converters, converter.__name__ + 'Converter')
 
         if inspect.isclass(converter) and issubclass(converter, converters.Converter):
-            instance = converter(ctx, argument)
-            if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(instance.convert):
-                return (yield from instance.convert())
-            else:
-                return instance.convert()
+            instance = converter()
+            instance.prepare(ctx, argument)
+            ret = yield from discord.utils.maybe_coroutine(instance.convert)
+            return ret
+
+        if isinstance(converter, converters.Converter):
+            converter.prepare(ctx, argument)
+            ret = yield from discord.utils.maybe_coroutine(converter.convert)
+            return ret
 
         return converter(argument)