Avoid file_put_contents() when overwriting files

this fixes many cases of corruption during disk-full situations - file_put_contents() would write an empty file, destroying the original data.
fixes #3152

src/Server.php

@@ -538,8 +538,8 @@ class Server{
 			Timings::$syncPlayerDataSave->time(function() use ($name, $ev) : void{
 				$nbt = new BigEndianNbtSerializer();
 				try{
-					file_put_contents($this->getPlayerDataPath($name), zlib_encode($nbt->write(new TreeRoot($ev->getSaveData())), ZLIB_ENCODING_GZIP));
+					Filesystem::safeFilePutContents($this->getPlayerDataPath($name), zlib_encode($nbt->write(new TreeRoot($ev->getSaveData())), ZLIB_ENCODING_GZIP));
-				}catch(\ErrorException $e){
+				}catch(\RuntimeException | \ErrorException $e){
 					$this->logger->critical($this->getLanguage()->translate(KnownTranslationFactory::pocketmine_data_saveError($name, $e->getMessage())));
 					$this->logger->logException($e);
 				}

src/utils/Config.php

@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ use function date;
 use function explode;
 use function file_exists;
 use function file_get_contents;
-use function file_put_contents;
 use function implode;
 use function is_array;
 use function is_bool;
@@ -228,7 +227,7 @@ class Config{
 				throw new AssumptionFailedError("Config type is unknown, has not been set or not detected");
 		}
 
-		file_put_contents($this->file, $content);
+		Filesystem::safeFilePutContents($this->file, $content);
 
 		$this->changed = false;
 	}

src/utils/Filesystem.php

@@ -26,9 +26,11 @@ namespace pocketmine\utils;
 use Webmozart\PathUtil\Path;
 use function copy;
 use function dirname;
+use function disk_free_space;
 use function fclose;
 use function fflush;
 use function file_exists;
+use function file_put_contents;
 use function flock;
 use function fopen;
 use function ftruncate;
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ use function ltrim;
 use function mkdir;
 use function preg_match;
 use function realpath;
+use function rename;
 use function rmdir;
 use function rtrim;
 use function scandir;
@@ -221,4 +224,53 @@ final class Filesystem{
 			@unlink($lockFilePath);
 		}
 	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Wrapper around file_put_contents() which writes to a temporary file before overwriting the original. If the disk
+	 * is full, writing to the temporary file will fail before the original file is modified, leaving it untouched.
+	 *
+	 * This is necessary because file_put_contents() destroys the data currently in the file if it fails to write the
+	 * new contents.
+	 *
+	 * @param resource|null $context Context to pass to file_put_contents
+	 */
+	public static function safeFilePutContents(string $fileName, string $contents, int $flags = 0, $context = null) : void{
+		$directory = dirname($fileName);
+		if(!is_dir($directory)){
+			throw new \RuntimeException("Target directory path does not exist or is not a directory");
+		}
+		if(is_dir($fileName)){
+			throw new \RuntimeException("Target file path already exists and is not a file");
+		}
+
+		$counter = 0;
+		do{
+			//we don't care about overwriting any preexisting tmpfile but we can't write if a directory is already here
+			$temporaryFileName = $fileName . ".$counter.tmp";
+			$counter++;
+		}while(is_dir($temporaryFileName));
+
+		$writeTemporaryFileResult = $context !== null ?
+			file_put_contents($temporaryFileName, $contents, $flags, $context) :
+			file_put_contents($temporaryFileName, $contents, $flags);
+
+		if($writeTemporaryFileResult !== strlen($contents)){
+			$context !== null ?
+				@unlink($temporaryFileName, $context) :
+				@unlink($temporaryFileName);
+			$diskSpace = disk_free_space($directory);
+			if($diskSpace !== false && $diskSpace < strlen($contents)){
+				throw new \RuntimeException("Failed to write to temporary file $temporaryFileName (out of free disk space)");
+			}
+			throw new \RuntimeException("Failed to write to temporary file $temporaryFileName (possibly out of free disk space)");
+		}
+
+		$renameTemporaryFileResult = $context !== null ?
+			rename($temporaryFileName, $fileName, $context) :
+			rename($temporaryFileName, $fileName);
+
+		if(!$renameTemporaryFileResult){
+			throw new \RuntimeException("Failed to move temporary file contents into target file");
+		}
+	}
 }

src/world/format/io/data/BedrockWorldData.php

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ use pocketmine\nbt\tag\StringTag;
 use pocketmine\nbt\TreeRoot;
 use pocketmine\network\mcpe\protocol\ProtocolInfo;
 use pocketmine\utils\Binary;
+use pocketmine\utils\Filesystem;
 use pocketmine\utils\Limits;
 use pocketmine\world\format\io\exception\CorruptedWorldException;
 use pocketmine\world\format\io\exception\UnsupportedWorldFormatException;
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ class BedrockWorldData extends BaseNbtWorldData{
 
 		$nbt = new LittleEndianNbtSerializer();
 		$buffer = $nbt->write(new TreeRoot($this->compoundTag));
-		file_put_contents($this->dataPath, Binary::writeLInt(self::CURRENT_STORAGE_VERSION) . Binary::writeLInt(strlen($buffer)) . $buffer);
+		Filesystem::safeFilePutContents($this->dataPath, Binary::writeLInt(self::CURRENT_STORAGE_VERSION) . Binary::writeLInt(strlen($buffer)) . $buffer);
 	}
 
 	public function getDifficulty() : int{

src/world/format/io/data/JavaWorldData.php

@@ -29,6 +29,8 @@ use pocketmine\nbt\tag\CompoundTag;
 use pocketmine\nbt\tag\FloatTag;
 use pocketmine\nbt\tag\StringTag;
 use pocketmine\nbt\TreeRoot;
+use pocketmine\utils\AssumptionFailedError;
+use pocketmine\utils\Filesystem;
 use pocketmine\world\format\io\exception\CorruptedWorldException;
 use pocketmine\world\generator\GeneratorManager;
 use pocketmine\world\World;
@@ -111,7 +113,10 @@ class JavaWorldData extends BaseNbtWorldData{
 	public function save() : void{
 		$nbt = new BigEndianNbtSerializer();
 		$buffer = zlib_encode($nbt->write(new TreeRoot(CompoundTag::create()->setTag("Data", $this->compoundTag))), ZLIB_ENCODING_GZIP);
-		file_put_contents($this->dataPath, $buffer);
+		if($buffer === false){
+			throw new AssumptionFailedError("zlib_encode() failed unexpectedly");
+		}
+		Filesystem::safeFilePutContents($this->dataPath, $buffer);
 	}
 
 	public function getDifficulty() : int{