diff --git a/src/pocketmine/item/Armor.php b/src/pocketmine/item/Armor.php
index 99454c8be..afd880e04 100644
--- a/src/pocketmine/item/Armor.php
+++ b/src/pocketmine/item/Armor.php
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ use pocketmine\inventory\ArmorInventory;
 use pocketmine\item\enchantment\Enchantment;
 use pocketmine\item\enchantment\ProtectionEnchantment;
 use pocketmine\math\Vector3;
+use pocketmine\nbt\tag\CompoundTag;
 use pocketmine\nbt\tag\IntTag;
 use pocketmine\player\Player;
 use pocketmine\utils\Binary;
@@ -44,6 +45,9 @@ abstract class Armor extends Durable{
 	/** @var ArmorTypeInfo */
 	private $armorInfo;
 
+	/** @var Color|null */
+	protected $customColor = null;
+
 	public function __construct(int $id, int $variant, string $name, ArmorTypeInfo $info){
 		parent::__construct($id, $variant, $name);
 		$this->armorInfo = $info;
@@ -72,11 +76,7 @@ abstract class Armor extends Durable{
 	 * @return Color|null
 	 */
 	public function getCustomColor() : ?Color{
-		if($this->getNamedTag()->hasTag(self::TAG_CUSTOM_COLOR, IntTag::class)){
-			return Color::fromARGB(Binary::unsignInt($this->getNamedTag()->getInt(self::TAG_CUSTOM_COLOR)));
-		}
-
-		return null;
+		return $this->customColor;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ abstract class Armor extends Durable{
 	 * @return $this
 	 */
 	public function setCustomColor(Color $color) : self{
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setInt(self::TAG_CUSTOM_COLOR, Binary::signInt($color->toARGB()));
+		$this->customColor = $color;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -137,4 +137,20 @@ abstract class Armor extends Durable{
 		$player->getArmorInventory()->setItem($this->getArmorSlot(), $this->pop());
 		return ItemUseResult::SUCCESS();
 	}
+
+	protected function deserializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::deserializeCompoundTag($tag);
+		if($tag->hasTag(self::TAG_CUSTOM_COLOR, IntTag::class)){
+			$this->customColor = Color::fromARGB(Binary::unsignInt($tag->getInt(self::TAG_CUSTOM_COLOR)));
+		}else{
+			$this->customColor = null;
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected function serializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::serializeCompoundTag($tag);
+		$this->customColor !== null ?
+			$tag->setInt(self::TAG_CUSTOM_COLOR, Binary::signInt($this->customColor->toARGB())) :
+			$tag->removeTag(self::TAG_CUSTOM_COLOR);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/pocketmine/item/Banner.php b/src/pocketmine/item/Banner.php
index caf0dc8b5..b07984482 100644
--- a/src/pocketmine/item/Banner.php
+++ b/src/pocketmine/item/Banner.php
@@ -40,9 +40,14 @@ class Banner extends Item{
 	/** @var DyeColor */
 	private $color;
 
+	/** @var BannerPattern[]|Deque */
+	private $patterns;
+
 	public function __construct(int $id, int $variant, string $name, DyeColor $color){
 		parent::__construct($id, $variant, $name);
 		$this->color = $color;
+
+		$this->patterns = new Deque();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -64,15 +69,7 @@ class Banner extends Item{
 	 * @return Deque|BannerPattern[]
 	 */
 	public function getPatterns() : Deque{
-		$result = new Deque();
-		$tag = $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_PATTERNS);
-		if($tag !== null){
-			/** @var CompoundTag $t */
-			foreach($tag as $t){
-				$result->push(new BannerPattern($t->getString(self::TAG_PATTERN_NAME), DyeColor::fromMagicNumber($t->getInt(self::TAG_PATTERN_COLOR), true)));
-			}
-		}
-		return $result;
+		return $this->patterns;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -81,19 +78,51 @@ class Banner extends Item{
 	 * @return $this
 	 */
 	public function setPatterns(Deque $patterns) : self{
-		$tag = new ListTag();
-		/** @var BannerPattern $pattern */
-		foreach($patterns as $pattern){
-			$tag->push(CompoundTag::create()
-				->setString(self::TAG_PATTERN_NAME, $pattern->getId())
-				->setInt(self::TAG_PATTERN_COLOR, $pattern->getColor()->getInvertedMagicNumber())
-			);
-		}
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setTag(self::TAG_PATTERNS, $tag);
+		$this->patterns = $patterns;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
 	public function getFuelTime() : int{
 		return 300;
 	}
+
+	protected function deserializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::deserializeCompoundTag($tag);
+
+		$this->patterns = new Deque();
+
+		$patterns = $tag->getListTag(self::TAG_PATTERNS);
+		if($patterns !== null){
+			/** @var CompoundTag $t */
+			foreach($patterns as $t){
+				$this->patterns->push(new BannerPattern($t->getString(self::TAG_PATTERN_NAME), DyeColor::fromMagicNumber($t->getInt(self::TAG_PATTERN_COLOR), true)));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected function serializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::serializeCompoundTag($tag);
+
+		if(!$this->patterns->isEmpty()){
+			$patterns = new ListTag();
+			/** @var BannerPattern $pattern */
+			foreach($this->patterns as $pattern){
+				$patterns->push(CompoundTag::create()
+					->setString(self::TAG_PATTERN_NAME, $pattern->getId())
+					->setInt(self::TAG_PATTERN_COLOR, $pattern->getColor()->getInvertedMagicNumber())
+				);
+			}
+
+
+			$tag->setTag(self::TAG_PATTERNS, $patterns);
+		}else{
+			$tag->removeTag(self::TAG_PATTERNS);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function __clone(){
+		parent::__clone();
+		//we don't need to duplicate the individual patterns because they are immutable
+		$this->patterns = $this->patterns->copy();
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/pocketmine/item/Durable.php b/src/pocketmine/item/Durable.php
index 68e40e87d..8462e25b2 100644
--- a/src/pocketmine/item/Durable.php
+++ b/src/pocketmine/item/Durable.php
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace pocketmine\item;
 
 use pocketmine\item\enchantment\Enchantment;
+use pocketmine\nbt\tag\CompoundTag;
 use function lcg_value;
 use function min;
 
@@ -31,6 +32,8 @@ abstract class Durable extends Item{
 
 	/** @var int */
 	protected $damage = 0;
+	/** @var bool */
+	private $unbreakable = false;
 
 	public function getMeta() : int{
 		return $this->damage;
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ abstract class Durable extends Item{
 	 * @return bool
 	 */
 	public function isUnbreakable() : bool{
-		return $this->getNamedTag()->getByte("Unbreakable", 0) !== 0;
+		return $this->unbreakable;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ abstract class Durable extends Item{
 	 * @return $this
 	 */
 	public function setUnbreakable(bool $value = true) : self{
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setByte("Unbreakable", $value ? 1 : 0);
+		$this->unbreakable = $value;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -128,4 +131,14 @@ abstract class Durable extends Item{
 	public function isBroken() : bool{
 		return $this->damage >= $this->getMaxDurability();
 	}
+
+	protected function deserializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::deserializeCompoundTag($tag);
+		$this->unbreakable = $tag->getByte("Unbreakable", 0) !== 0;
+	}
+
+	protected function serializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::serializeCompoundTag($tag);
+		$this->unbreakable ? $tag->setByte("Unbreakable", 1) : $tag->removeTag("Unbreakable");
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/pocketmine/item/Item.php b/src/pocketmine/item/Item.php
index 7c9ca6897..31dee6c66 100644
--- a/src/pocketmine/item/Item.php
+++ b/src/pocketmine/item/Item.php
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
  */
 namespace pocketmine\item;
 
+use function array_map;
+use Ds\Set;
 use pocketmine\block\Block;
 use pocketmine\block\BlockBreakInfo;
 use pocketmine\block\BlockToolType;
@@ -44,11 +46,12 @@ use pocketmine\nbt\tag\StringTag;
 use pocketmine\nbt\TreeRoot;
 use pocketmine\player\Player;
 use pocketmine\utils\Binary;
-use function array_map;
 use function base64_decode;
 use function base64_encode;
 use function get_class;
+use function gettype;
 use function hex2bin;
+use function is_string;
 
 class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	public const TAG_ENCH = "ench";
@@ -69,6 +72,25 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	/** @var string */
 	protected $name;
 
+	//TODO: this stuff should be moved to itemstack properties, not mushed in with type properties
+
+	/** @var EnchantmentInstance[] */
+	protected $enchantments = [];
+	/** @var string */
+	protected $customName = "";
+	/** @var string[] */
+	protected $lore = [];
+	/**
+	 * TODO: this needs to die in a fire
+	 * @var CompoundTag|null
+	 */
+	protected $blockEntityTag = null;
+
+	/** @var Set|string[] */
+	protected $canPlaceOn;
+	/** @var Set|string[] */
+	protected $canDestroy;
+
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a new Item type. This constructor should ONLY be used when constructing a new item TYPE to register
 	 * into the index.
@@ -87,17 +109,20 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 		$this->id = $id;
 		$this->meta = $variant !== -1 ? $variant & 0x7FFF : -1;
 		$this->name = $name;
+
+		$this->canPlaceOn = new Set();
+		$this->canDestroy = new Set();
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * @return bool
 	 */
 	public function hasCustomBlockData() : bool{
-		return $this->getNamedTag()->hasTag(self::TAG_BLOCK_ENTITY_TAG, CompoundTag::class);
+		return $this->blockEntityTag !== null;
 	}
 
 	public function clearCustomBlockData(){
-		$this->getNamedTag()->removeTag(self::TAG_BLOCK_ENTITY_TAG);
+		$this->blockEntityTag = null;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -107,7 +132,8 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return Item
 	 */
 	public function setCustomBlockData(CompoundTag $compound) : Item{
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setTag(self::TAG_BLOCK_ENTITY_TAG, clone $compound);
+		$this->blockEntityTag = clone $compound;
+
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -115,14 +141,14 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return CompoundTag|null
 	 */
 	public function getCustomBlockData() : ?CompoundTag{
-		return $this->getNamedTag()->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_BLOCK_ENTITY_TAG);
+		return $this->blockEntityTag;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * @return bool
 	 */
 	public function hasEnchantments() : bool{
-		return $this->getNamedTag()->hasTag(self::TAG_ENCH, ListTag::class);
+		return !empty($this->enchantments);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -132,20 +158,8 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return bool
 	 */
 	public function hasEnchantment(Enchantment $enchantment, int $level = -1) : bool{
-		$ench = $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_ENCH);
-		if(!($ench instanceof ListTag)){
-			return false;
-		}
 		$id = $enchantment->getId();
-
-		/** @var CompoundTag $entry */
-		foreach($ench as $entry){
-			if($entry->getShort("id") === $id and ($level === -1 or $entry->getShort("lvl") === $level)){
-				return true;
-			}
-		}
-
-		return false;
+		return isset($this->enchantments[$id]) and ($level === -1 or $this->enchantments[$id]->getLevel() === $level);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -154,23 +168,7 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return EnchantmentInstance|null
 	 */
 	public function getEnchantment(Enchantment $enchantment) : ?EnchantmentInstance{
-		$ench = $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_ENCH);
-		if(!($ench instanceof ListTag)){
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		$id = $enchantment->getId();
-		/** @var CompoundTag $entry */
-		foreach($ench as $entry){
-			if($entry->getShort("id") === $id){
-				$e = Enchantment::get($entry->getShort("id"));
-				if($e !== null){
-					return new EnchantmentInstance($e, $entry->getShort("lvl"));
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return null;
+		return $this->enchantments[$enchantment->getId()] ?? null;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -180,18 +178,9 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return Item
 	 */
 	public function removeEnchantment(Enchantment $enchantment, int $level = -1) : Item{
-		$ench = $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_ENCH);
-		if(!($ench instanceof ListTag)){
-			return $this;
-		}
-
-		$id = $enchantment->getId();
-		/** @var CompoundTag $entry */
-		foreach($ench as $k => $entry){
-			if($entry->getShort("id") === $id and ($level === -1 or $entry->getShort("lvl") === $level)){
-				$ench->remove($k);
-				break;
-			}
+		$instance = $this->getEnchantment($enchantment);
+		if($instance !== null and ($level === -1 or $instance->getLevel() === $level)){
+			unset($this->enchantments[$enchantment->getId()]);
 		}
 
 		return $this;
@@ -201,8 +190,7 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return Item
 	 */
 	public function removeEnchantments() : Item{
-		$this->getNamedTag()->removeTag(self::TAG_ENCH);
-
+		$this->enchantments = [];
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -212,34 +200,7 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return Item
 	 */
 	public function addEnchantment(EnchantmentInstance $enchantment) : Item{
-		$found = false;
-
-		$ench = $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_ENCH);
-		if(!($ench instanceof ListTag)){
-			$ench = new ListTag([], NBT::TAG_Compound);
-		}else{
-			/** @var CompoundTag $entry */
-			foreach($ench as $k => $entry){
-				if($entry->getShort("id") === $enchantment->getId()){
-					$ench->set($k, CompoundTag::create()
-						->setShort("id", $enchantment->getId())
-						->setShort("lvl", $enchantment->getLevel())
-					);
-					$found = true;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		if(!$found){
-			$ench->push(CompoundTag::create()
-				->setShort("id", $enchantment->getId())
-				->setShort("lvl", $enchantment->getLevel())
-			);
-		}
-
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setTag(self::TAG_ENCH, $ench);
-
+		$this->enchantments[$enchantment->getId()] = $enchantment;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -247,21 +208,7 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return EnchantmentInstance[]
 	 */
 	public function getEnchantments() : array{
-		/** @var EnchantmentInstance[] $enchantments */
-		$enchantments = [];
-
-		$ench = $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_ENCH);
-		if($ench instanceof ListTag){
-			/** @var CompoundTag $entry */
-			foreach($ench as $entry){
-				$e = Enchantment::get($entry->getShort("id"));
-				if($e !== null){
-					$enchantments[] = new EnchantmentInstance($e, $entry->getShort("lvl"));
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return $enchantments;
+		return $this->enchantments;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -273,42 +220,21 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return int
 	 */
 	public function getEnchantmentLevel(Enchantment $enchantment) : int{
-		$ench = $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_ENCH);
-		if($ench !== null){
-			/** @var CompoundTag $entry */
-			$enchantmentId = $enchantment->getId();
-			foreach($ench as $entry){
-				if($entry->getShort("id") === $enchantmentId){
-					return $entry->getShort("lvl");
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		return 0;
+		return ($instance = $this->getEnchantment($enchantment)) !== null ? $instance->getLevel() : 0;
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * @return bool
 	 */
 	public function hasCustomName() : bool{
-		$display = $this->getNamedTag()->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
-		if($display instanceof CompoundTag){
-			return $display->hasTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY_NAME);
-		}
-
-		return false;
+		return $this->customName !== "";
 	}
 
 	/**
 	 * @return string
 	 */
 	public function getCustomName() : string{
-		$display = $this->getNamedTag()->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
-		if($display instanceof CompoundTag){
-			return $display->getString(self::TAG_DISPLAY_NAME, "");
-		}
-
-		return "";
+		return $this->customName;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -317,19 +243,8 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return Item
 	 */
 	public function setCustomName(string $name) : Item{
-		if($name === ""){
-			$this->clearCustomName();
-		}
-
-		/** @var CompoundTag $display */
-		$display = $this->getNamedTag()->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
-		if($display === null){
-			$display = new CompoundTag();
-		}
-
-		$display->setString(self::TAG_DISPLAY_NAME, $name);
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY, $display);
-
+		//TODO: encoding might need to be checked here
+		$this->customName = $name;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -337,17 +252,7 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return Item
 	 */
 	public function clearCustomName() : Item{
-		$display = $this->getNamedTag()->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
-		if($display instanceof CompoundTag){
-			$display->removeTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY_NAME);
-
-			if($display->getCount() === 0){
-				$this->getNamedTag()->removeTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
-			}else{
-				$this->getNamedTag()->setTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY, $display);
-			}
-		}
-
+		$this->setCustomName("");
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -355,12 +260,7 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return string[]
 	 */
 	public function getLore() : array{
-		$display = $this->getNamedTag()->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
-		if($display instanceof CompoundTag and ($lore = $display->getListTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY_LORE)) !== null){
-			return $lore->getAllValues();
-		}
-
-		return [];
+		return $this->lore;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -369,26 +269,49 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return Item
 	 */
 	public function setLore(array $lines) : Item{
-		$display = $this->getNamedTag()->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
-		if(!($display instanceof CompoundTag)){
-			$display = new CompoundTag();
+		foreach($lines as $line){
+			if(!is_string($line)){
+				throw new \TypeError("Expected string[], but found " . gettype($line) . " in given array");
+			}
 		}
-
-		$display->setTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY_LORE, new ListTag(array_map(function(string $str) : StringTag{
-			return new StringTag($str);
-		}, $lines), NBT::TAG_String));
-
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY, $display);
-
+		$this->lore = $lines;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * @return Set|string[]
+	 */
+	public function getCanPlaceOn() : Set{
+		return $this->canPlaceOn;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param Set|string[] $canPlaceOn
+	 */
+	public function setCanPlaceOn(Set $canPlaceOn) : void{
+		$this->canPlaceOn = $canPlaceOn;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @return Set|string[]
+	 */
+	public function getCanDestroy() : Set{
+		return $this->canDestroy;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @param Set|string[] $canDestroy
+	 */
+	public function setCanDestroy(Set $canDestroy) : void{
+		$this->canDestroy = $canDestroy;
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns whether this Item has a non-empty NBT.
 	 * @return bool
 	 */
 	public function hasNamedTag() : bool{
-		return $this->nbt !== null and $this->nbt->count() > 0;
+		return $this->getNamedTag()->count() > 0;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -398,7 +321,11 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return CompoundTag
 	 */
 	public function getNamedTag() : CompoundTag{
-		return $this->nbt ?? ($this->nbt = new CompoundTag());
+		if($this->nbt === null){
+			$this->nbt = new CompoundTag();
+		}
+		$this->serializeCompoundTag($this->nbt);
+		return $this->nbt;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -414,6 +341,7 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 		}
 
 		$this->nbt = clone $tag;
+		$this->deserializeCompoundTag($this->nbt);
 
 		return $this;
 	}
@@ -423,10 +351,121 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return Item
 	 */
 	public function clearNamedTag() : Item{
-		$this->nbt = null;
+		$this->nbt = new CompoundTag();
+		$this->deserializeCompoundTag($this->nbt);
 		return $this;
 	}
 
+	protected function deserializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		$this->customName = "";
+		$this->lore = [];
+
+		$display = $tag->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
+		if($display !== null){
+			$this->customName = $display->getString(self::TAG_DISPLAY_NAME, $this->customName, true);
+			$lore = $tag->getListTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY_LORE);
+			if($lore !== null and $lore->getTagType() === NBT::TAG_String){
+				/** @var StringTag $t */
+				foreach($lore as $t){
+					$this->lore[] = $t->getValue();
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		$this->removeEnchantments();
+		$enchantments = $tag->getListTag(self::TAG_ENCH);
+		if($enchantments !== null and $enchantments->getTagType() === NBT::TAG_Compound){
+			/** @var CompoundTag $enchantment */
+			foreach($enchantments as $enchantment){
+				$magicNumber = $enchantment->getShort("id", 0, true);
+				$level = $enchantment->getShort("lvl", 0, true);
+				if($magicNumber <= 0 or $level <= 0){
+					continue;
+				}
+				$type = Enchantment::get($magicNumber);
+				if($type !== null){
+					$this->addEnchantment(new EnchantmentInstance($type, $level));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		$this->blockEntityTag = $tag->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_BLOCK_ENTITY_TAG);
+
+		$this->canPlaceOn = new Set();
+		$canPlaceOn = $tag->getListTag("CanPlaceOn");
+		if($canPlaceOn !== null){
+			/** @var StringTag $tag */
+			foreach($canPlaceOn as $entry){
+				$this->canPlaceOn->add($entry->getValue());
+			}
+		}
+		$this->canDestroy = new Set();
+		$canDestroy = $tag->getListTag("CanDestroy");
+		if($canDestroy !== null){
+			/** @var StringTag $entry */
+			foreach($canDestroy as $entry){
+				$this->canDestroy->add($entry->getValue());
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected function serializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		$display = $tag->getCompoundTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY) ?? new CompoundTag();
+
+		$this->hasCustomName() ?
+			$display->setString(self::TAG_DISPLAY_NAME, $this->getCustomName()) :
+			$display->removeTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
+
+		if(!empty($this->lore)){
+			$loreTag = new ListTag();
+			foreach($this->lore as $line){
+				$loreTag->push(new StringTag($line));
+			}
+			$display->setTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY_LORE, $loreTag);
+		}else{
+			$display->removeTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY_LORE);
+		}
+		$display->count() > 0 ?
+			$tag->setTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY, $display) :
+			$tag->removeTag(self::TAG_DISPLAY);
+
+		if($this->hasEnchantments()){
+			$ench = new ListTag();
+			foreach($this->getEnchantments() as $enchantmentInstance){
+				$ench->push(CompoundTag::create()
+					->setShort("id", $enchantmentInstance->getType()->getId())
+					->setShort("lvl", $enchantmentInstance->getLevel())
+				);
+			}
+			$tag->setTag(self::TAG_ENCH, $ench);
+		}else{
+			$tag->removeTag(self::TAG_ENCH);
+		}
+
+		$this->hasCustomBlockData() ?
+			$tag->setTag(self::TAG_BLOCK_ENTITY_TAG, clone $this->getCustomBlockData()) :
+			$tag->removeTag(self::TAG_BLOCK_ENTITY_TAG);
+
+		if(!$this->canPlaceOn->isEmpty()){
+			$canPlaceOn = new ListTag();
+			foreach($this->canPlaceOn as $item){
+				$canPlaceOn->push(new StringTag($item));
+			}
+			$tag->setTag("CanPlaceOn", $canPlaceOn);
+		}else{
+			$tag->removeTag("CanPlaceOn");
+		}
+		if(!$this->canDestroy->isEmpty()){
+			$canDestroy = new ListTag();
+			foreach($this->canDestroy as $item){
+				$canDestroy->push(new StringTag($item));
+			}
+			$tag->setTag("CanDestroy", $canDestroy);
+		}else{
+			$tag->removeTag("CanDestroy");
+		}
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * @return int
 	 */
@@ -667,11 +706,10 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	final public function equals(Item $item, bool $checkDamage = true, bool $checkCompound = true) : bool{
 		if($this->id === $item->getId() and (!$checkDamage or $this->getMeta() === $item->getMeta())){
 			if($checkCompound){
-				if($this->hasNamedTag() and $item->hasNamedTag()){ //both items have NBT
-					return $this->getNamedTag()->equals($item->getNamedTag());
-				}
+				$tag1 = $this->getNamedTag();
+				$tag2 = $item->getNamedTag();
 
-				return (!$this->hasNamedTag() and !$item->hasNamedTag()); //both items must have no NBT
+				return ($tag1 === null and $tag2 === null) or ($tag1 !== null and $tag2 !== null and $tag1->equals($tag2));
 			}else{
 				return true;
 			}
@@ -695,7 +733,7 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 	 * @return string
 	 */
 	final public function __toString() : string{
-		return "Item " . $this->name . " (" . $this->id . ":" . ($this->hasAnyDamageValue() ? "?" : $this->getMeta()) . ")x" . $this->count . ($this->hasNamedTag() ? " tags:" . base64_encode((new LittleEndianNbtSerializer())->write(new TreeRoot($this->nbt))) : "");
+		return "Item " . $this->name . " (" . $this->id . ":" . ($this->hasAnyDamageValue() ? "?" : $this->getMeta()) . ")x" . $this->count . (($tag = $this->getNamedTag()) !== null ? " tags:0x" . base64_encode((new LittleEndianNbtSerializer())->write(new TreeRoot($tag))) : "");
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -716,8 +754,8 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 			$data["count"] = $this->getCount();
 		}
 
-		if($this->hasNamedTag()){
-			$data["nbt_b64"] = base64_encode((new LittleEndianNbtSerializer())->write(new TreeRoot($this->getNamedTag())));
+		if(($tag = $this->getNamedTag()) !== null){
+			$data["nbt_b64"] = base64_encode((new LittleEndianNbtSerializer())->write(new TreeRoot($tag)));
 		}
 
 		return $data;
@@ -761,8 +799,8 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 			->setByte("Count", Binary::signByte($this->count))
 			->setShort("Damage", $this->getMeta());
 
-		if($this->hasNamedTag()){
-			$result->setTag("tag", clone $this->getNamedTag());
+		if(($itemNBT = $this->getNamedTag()) !== null){
+			$result->setTag("tag", $itemNBT);
 		}
 
 		if($slot !== -1){
@@ -814,5 +852,11 @@ class Item implements ItemIds, \JsonSerializable{
 		if($this->nbt !== null){
 			$this->nbt = clone $this->nbt;
 		}
+		if($this->blockEntityTag !== null){
+			$this->blockEntityTag = clone $this->blockEntityTag;
+		}
+		$this->canPlaceOn = $this->canPlaceOn->copy();
+		$this->canDestroy = $this->canDestroy->copy();
+		$this->enchantments = array_map(function(EnchantmentInstance $i){ return clone $i; }, $this->enchantments);
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/pocketmine/item/WritableBookBase.php b/src/pocketmine/item/WritableBookBase.php
index defe4189c..3d0a75b6e 100644
--- a/src/pocketmine/item/WritableBookBase.php
+++ b/src/pocketmine/item/WritableBookBase.php
@@ -23,16 +23,23 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace pocketmine\item;
 
-use pocketmine\nbt\NBT;
+use Ds\Deque;
 use pocketmine\nbt\tag\CompoundTag;
 use pocketmine\nbt\tag\ListTag;
 
 abstract class WritableBookBase extends Item{
-
 	public const TAG_PAGES = "pages"; //TAG_List<TAG_Compound>
 	public const TAG_PAGE_TEXT = "text"; //TAG_String
 	public const TAG_PAGE_PHOTONAME = "photoname"; //TAG_String - TODO
 
+	/** @var WritableBookPage[]|Deque */
+	private $pages;
+
+	public function __construct(int $id, int $variant, string $name){
+		parent::__construct($id, $variant, $name);
+		$this->pages = new Deque();
+	}
+
 	/**
 	 * Returns whether the given page exists in this book.
 	 *
@@ -41,7 +48,7 @@ abstract class WritableBookBase extends Item{
 	 * @return bool
 	 */
 	public function pageExists(int $pageId) : bool{
-		return $this->getPagesTag()->isset($pageId);
+		return isset($this->pages[$pageId]);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -49,20 +56,11 @@ abstract class WritableBookBase extends Item{
 	 *
 	 * @param int $pageId
 	 *
-	 * @return string|null
+	 * @return string
+	 * @throws \OutOfRangeException if requesting a nonexisting page
 	 */
-	public function getPageText(int $pageId) : ?string{
-		$pages = $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_PAGES);
-		if($pages === null){
-			return null;
-		}
-
-		$page = $pages->get($pageId);
-		if($page instanceof CompoundTag){
-			return $page->getString(self::TAG_PAGE_TEXT, "");
-		}
-
-		return null;
+	public function getPageText(int $pageId) : string{
+		return $this->pages[$pageId]->getText();
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -78,14 +76,7 @@ abstract class WritableBookBase extends Item{
 			$this->addPage($pageId);
 		}
 
-		/** @var CompoundTag[]|ListTag $pagesTag */
-		$pagesTag = $this->getPagesTag();
-		/** @var CompoundTag $page */
-		$page = $pagesTag->get($pageId);
-		$page->setString(self::TAG_PAGE_TEXT, $pageText);
-
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setTag(self::TAG_PAGES, $pagesTag);
-
+		$this->pages->set($pageId, new WritableBookPage($pageText));
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -102,16 +93,9 @@ abstract class WritableBookBase extends Item{
 			throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Page number \"$pageId\" is out of range");
 		}
 
-		$pagesTag = $this->getPagesTag();
-
-		for($current = $pagesTag->count(); $current <= $pageId; $current++){
-			$pagesTag->push(CompoundTag::create()
-				->setString(self::TAG_PAGE_TEXT, "")
-				->setString(self::TAG_PAGE_PHOTONAME, "")
-			);
+		for($current = $this->pages->count(); $current <= $pageId; $current++){
+			$this->pages->push(new WritableBookPage(""));
 		}
-
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setTag(self::TAG_PAGES, $pagesTag);
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -123,9 +107,7 @@ abstract class WritableBookBase extends Item{
 	 * @return $this
 	 */
 	public function deletePage(int $pageId) : self{
-		$pagesTag = $this->getPagesTag();
-		$pagesTag->remove($pageId);
-
+		$this->pages->remove($pageId);
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -138,15 +120,7 @@ abstract class WritableBookBase extends Item{
 	 * @return $this
 	 */
 	public function insertPage(int $pageId, string $pageText = "") : self{
-		$pagesTag = $this->getPagesTag();
-
-		$pagesTag->insert($pageId, CompoundTag::create()
-			->setString(self::TAG_PAGE_TEXT, $pageText)
-			->setString(self::TAG_PAGE_PHOTONAME, "")
-		);
-
-		$this->getNamedTag()->setTag(self::TAG_PAGES, $pagesTag);
-
+		$this->pages->insert($pageId, new WritableBookPage($pageText));
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -157,12 +131,9 @@ abstract class WritableBookBase extends Item{
 	 * @param int $pageId2
 	 *
 	 * @return bool indicating success
+	 * @throws \OutOfRangeException if either of the pages does not exist
 	 */
 	public function swapPages(int $pageId1, int $pageId2) : bool{
-		if(!$this->pageExists($pageId1) or !$this->pageExists($pageId2)){
-			return false;
-		}
-
 		$pageContents1 = $this->getPageText($pageId1);
 		$pageContents2 = $this->getPageText($pageId2);
 		$this->setPageText($pageId1, $pageContents2);
@@ -178,30 +149,51 @@ abstract class WritableBookBase extends Item{
 	/**
 	 * Returns an array containing all pages of this book.
 	 *
-	 * @return CompoundTag[]
+	 * @return WritableBookPage[]|Deque
 	 */
-	public function getPages() : array{
-		$pages = $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_PAGES);
-		if($pages === null){
-			return [];
-		}
-
-		return $pages->getValue();
-	}
-
-	protected function getPagesTag() : ListTag{
-		return $this->getNamedTag()->getListTag(self::TAG_PAGES) ?? new ListTag([], NBT::TAG_Compound);
+	public function getPages() : Deque{
+		return $this->pages;
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * @param CompoundTag[] $pages
-	 *
-	 * @return $this
+	 * @param WritableBookPage[]|Deque $pages
 	 */
-	public function setPages(array $pages) : self{
-		$nbt = $this->getNamedTag();
-		$nbt->setTag(self::TAG_PAGES, new ListTag($pages, NBT::TAG_Compound));
-		$this->setNamedTag($nbt);
-		return $this;
+	public function setPages(Deque $pages) : void{
+		$this->pages = $pages;
+	}
+
+	protected function deserializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::deserializeCompoundTag($tag);
+		$this->pages = new Deque();
+
+		$pages = $tag->getListTag(self::TAG_PAGES);
+		if($pages !== null){
+			/** @var CompoundTag $page */
+			foreach($pages as $page){
+				$this->pages->push(new WritableBookPage($page->getString(self::TAG_PAGE_TEXT), $page->getString(self::TAG_PAGE_PHOTONAME, "")));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	protected function serializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::serializeCompoundTag($tag);
+		if(!$this->pages->isEmpty()){
+			$pages = new ListTag();
+			foreach($this->pages as $page){
+				$pages->push(CompoundTag::create()
+					->setString(self::TAG_PAGE_TEXT, $page->getText())
+					->setString(self::TAG_PAGE_PHOTONAME, $page->getPhotoName())
+				);
+			}
+			$tag->setTag(self::TAG_PAGES, $pages);
+		}else{
+			$tag->removeTag(self::TAG_PAGES);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function __clone(){
+		parent::__clone();
+		//no need to deep-copy each page, the objects are immutable
+		$this->pages = $this->pages->copy();
 	}
 }
diff --git a/src/pocketmine/item/WritableBookPage.php b/src/pocketmine/item/WritableBookPage.php
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f82898e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pocketmine/item/WritableBookPage.php
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+ *
+ *  ____            _        _   __  __ _                  __  __ ____
+ * |  _ \ ___   ___| | _____| |_|  \/  (_)_ __   ___      |  \/  |  _ \
+ * | |_) / _ \ / __| |/ / _ \ __| |\/| | | '_ \ / _ \_____| |\/| | |_) |
+ * |  __/ (_) | (__|   <  __/ |_| |  | | | | | |  __/_____| |  | |  __/
+ * |_|   \___/ \___|_|\_\___|\__|_|  |_|_|_| |_|\___|     |_|  |_|_|
+ *
+ * This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * @author PocketMine Team
+ * @link http://www.pocketmine.net/
+ *
+ *
+*/
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace pocketmine\item;
+
+class WritableBookPage{
+
+	/** @var string */
+	private $text;
+	/** @var string */
+	private $photoName;
+
+	public function __construct(string $text, string $photoName = ""){
+		//TODO: data validation, encoding checks
+		$this->text = $text;
+		$this->photoName = $photoName;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function getText() : string{
+		return $this->text;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @return string
+	 */
+	public function getPhotoName() : string{
+		return $this->photoName;
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/pocketmine/item/WrittenBook.php b/src/pocketmine/item/WrittenBook.php
index dbccfa77d..683d90456 100644
--- a/src/pocketmine/item/WrittenBook.php
+++ b/src/pocketmine/item/WrittenBook.php
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace pocketmine\item;
 
+use pocketmine\nbt\tag\CompoundTag;
+
 class WrittenBook extends WritableBookBase{
 
 	public const GENERATION_ORIGINAL = 0;
@@ -34,6 +36,13 @@ class WrittenBook extends WritableBookBase{
 	public const TAG_AUTHOR = "author"; //TAG_String
 	public const TAG_TITLE = "title"; //TAG_String
 
+	/** @var int */
+	private $generation = self::GENERATION_ORIGINAL;
+	/** @var string */
+	private $author = "";
+	/** @var string */
+	private $title = "";
+
 	public function getMaxStackSize() : int{
 		return 16;
 	}
@@ -45,7 +54,7 @@ class WrittenBook extends WritableBookBase{
 	 * @return int
 	 */
 	public function getGeneration() : int{
-		return $this->getNamedTag()->getInt(self::TAG_GENERATION, self::GENERATION_ORIGINAL);
+		return $this->generation;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -59,9 +68,8 @@ class WrittenBook extends WritableBookBase{
 		if($generation < 0 or $generation > 3){
 			throw new \InvalidArgumentException("Generation \"$generation\" is out of range");
 		}
-		$namedTag = $this->getNamedTag();
-		$namedTag->setInt(self::TAG_GENERATION, $generation);
-		$this->setNamedTag($namedTag);
+
+		$this->generation = $generation;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -73,7 +81,7 @@ class WrittenBook extends WritableBookBase{
 	 * @return string
 	 */
 	public function getAuthor() : string{
-		return $this->getNamedTag()->getString(self::TAG_AUTHOR, "");
+		return $this->author;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -84,9 +92,7 @@ class WrittenBook extends WritableBookBase{
 	 * @return $this
 	 */
 	public function setAuthor(string $authorName) : self{
-		$namedTag = $this->getNamedTag();
-		$namedTag->setString(self::TAG_AUTHOR, $authorName);
-		$this->setNamedTag($namedTag);
+		$this->author = $authorName;
 		return $this;
 	}
 
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ class WrittenBook extends WritableBookBase{
 	 * @return string
 	 */
 	public function getTitle() : string{
-		return $this->getNamedTag()->getString(self::TAG_TITLE, "");
+		return $this->title;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -107,9 +113,21 @@ class WrittenBook extends WritableBookBase{
 	 * @return $this
 	 */
 	public function setTitle(string $title) : self{
-		$namedTag = $this->getNamedTag();
-		$namedTag->setString(self::TAG_TITLE, $title);
-		$this->setNamedTag($namedTag);
+		$this->title = $title;
 		return $this;
 	}
+
+	protected function deserializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::deserializeCompoundTag($tag);
+		$this->generation = $tag->getInt(self::TAG_GENERATION, $this->generation);
+		$this->author = $tag->getString(self::TAG_AUTHOR, $this->author);
+		$this->title = $tag->getString(self::TAG_TITLE, $this->title);
+	}
+
+	protected function serializeCompoundTag(CompoundTag $tag) : void{
+		parent::serializeCompoundTag($tag);
+		$tag->setInt(self::TAG_GENERATION, $this->generation);
+		$tag->setString(self::TAG_AUTHOR, $this->author);
+		$tag->setString(self::TAG_TITLE, $this->title);
+	}
 }
diff --git a/src/pocketmine/world/World.php b/src/pocketmine/world/World.php
index cfcc15f6a..54289f06f 100644
--- a/src/pocketmine/world/World.php
+++ b/src/pocketmine/world/World.php
@@ -51,8 +51,6 @@ use pocketmine\item\ItemFactory;
 use pocketmine\item\ItemUseResult;
 use pocketmine\math\AxisAlignedBB;
 use pocketmine\math\Vector3;
-use pocketmine\nbt\tag\ListTag;
-use pocketmine\nbt\tag\StringTag;
 use pocketmine\network\mcpe\protocol\BlockActorDataPacket;
 use pocketmine\network\mcpe\protocol\ClientboundPacket;
 use pocketmine\network\mcpe\protocol\LevelEventPacket;
@@ -1611,17 +1609,12 @@ class World implements ChunkManager{
 			}
 
 			if($player->isAdventure(true) and !$ev->isCancelled()){
-				$tag = $item->getNamedTag()->getListTag("CanDestroy");
 				$canBreak = false;
-				if($tag instanceof ListTag){
-					foreach($tag as $v){
-						if($v instanceof StringTag){
-							$entry = ItemFactory::fromString($v->getValue());
-							if($entry->getBlock()->isSameType($target)){
-								$canBreak = true;
-								break;
-							}
-						}
+				foreach($item->getCanDestroy() as $v){
+					$entry = ItemFactory::fromString($v);
+					if($entry->getBlock()->isSameType($target)){
+						$canBreak = true;
+						break;
 					}
 				}
 
@@ -1759,16 +1752,11 @@ class World implements ChunkManager{
 			$ev = new BlockPlaceEvent($player, $hand, $blockReplace, $blockClicked, $item);
 			if($player->isAdventure(true) and !$ev->isCancelled()){
 				$canPlace = false;
-				$tag = $item->getNamedTag()->getListTag("CanPlaceOn");
-				if($tag instanceof ListTag){
-					foreach($tag as $v){
-						if($v instanceof StringTag){
-							$entry = ItemFactory::fromString($v->getValue());
-							if($entry->getBlock()->isSameType($blockClicked)){
-								$canPlace = true;
-								break;
-							}
-						}
+				foreach($item->getCanPlaceOn() as $v){
+					$entry = ItemFactory::fromString($v);
+					if($entry->getBlock()->isSameType($blockClicked)){
+						$canPlace = true;
+						break;
 					}
 				}